亚热带和黄土高原区耕作土壤有机碳对全球气候变化的响应

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.01.0131

地球科学进展 ›› 2004, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 131 -137. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2004.01.0131

吴金水;童成立;刘守龙

中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所，湖南长沙 410125

收稿日期:2002-12-12 修回日期:2003-06-18 出版日期:2004-01-20
通讯作者: 吴金水（1961-），男，湖北武穴人，研究员，主要从事土壤有机碳循环与计算机模拟研究. E-mail:E-mail：jswu@isa.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家杰出青年科学基金项目“土壤有机质循环与优化管理”（编号：49925102）;国家自然科学基金重点项目“我国亚热带典型稻田生态系统碳循环过程与模拟”（编号：40235057）；国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“陆地生态系统碳循环动力学机制与模型”（编号：2002CB412503）联合资助

RESPONSES OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES IN CULTIVATED SOILS IN THE SUBTROPICAL AND THE LOESS PLATEAU REGIONS

WU Jinshui, TONG Chengli, LIU Shoulong

Institute of Subtropical Agricultural, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China

Received:2002-12-12 Revised:2003-06-18 Online:2004-01-20 Published:2004-02-01

采用计算机模拟方法研究了我国亚热带和黄土高原地区耕作土壤有机碳状况及其对全球气候变化的响应。结果表明，在新鲜有机质输入相同的情况下，亚热带地区的耕作土壤（0～20 cm）有机碳积累量比北温带地区大约低50％，黄土高原地区的耕作土壤有机碳积累量略高于北温带。预测到2050年气温升高 1．5～3℃，而其它条件不变的情况下，亚热带地区和黄土高原地区的耕作土壤有机碳积累水平将分别下降 5．6％～10．9％和 3．6％～9．4 ％。在保证化肥使用量不变的同时增加有机肥投入，亚热带地区的稻作土壤和黄土高原地区的旱作土壤的有机碳含量都表现出逐步增加的趋势，且大于同期因气温升高所造成的不利影响。

关键词: 土壤有机碳, 全球气候变化, 模拟与预测

Global climatic changes have been world widely concerned, particularly the continuous rise of atmospheric temperature, mainly due to the increase in CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. The release of soil organic C during the past century (e.g. due to deforest) has been considered as one of the main source of atmospheric CO₂ . It is predicted that, assuming that the global temperature rise by 0.03℃ annually by 2050, about 7% of soil organic C (equivalent to 61×10¹⁵g C accumulated in world soil) would release as CO₂ into atmosphere. However, information on the responses of soil organic C to climatic changes in different regions shows a lack in many parts of the world, although such information are important knowledge in maintaining soil organic C and fertility in the regions.
This paper reports a study of the present trend of organic C in cultivated soils in the subtropical (with warm and moist conditions) and semi-arid (the Loess Plateau) regions in China and the response to global climatic changes, based on predictions using a model (SCNC) recently developed for simulating the turnover of organic matter and nitrogen in cultivated soils in China. The model was tested by data from long-term field experiments in these regions and Rothamsted, UK. Soil management to remedy the detrimental effects of climatic changes on the accumulation of organic C was also discussed.
The model predicted that, when the amounts of fresh organic material input and soil clay content are the same, the stock of soil organic C at the equilibrium was 50% smaller in the subtropical region than that in moist temperate zones (using Rothamsted in UK as the representative), whist the amount in the semi-arid region was slightly larger. Because multi-cropping systems in the subtropical region have resulted in the high input rates of fresh organic materials (e.g. crop residues), the amounts of organic C accumulated can consequently maintain generally larger than that in the Loess Plateau region where the input rates of fresh organic materials are generally low, due to the low productivity of crops. Assuming atmospheric temperature rises at the gradients of 1.5 and 3℃ by 2050 (equivalent to annually mean rises of 0.03℃ and 0.06℃, respectively), and fresh organic material input maintains steady, the amounts of soil organic C would decrease by 5.6%~10.9% in the subtropical region and 3.6% ~ 9.4% in the semi-arid region. The percentages of decreases were dependent on the present amounts of soil organic C, and were slightly smaller than that predicted for moist temperate zones e.g. 5.1%~10.3% for Rothamsted soils). When 40% ~ 60% of crop straw produced incorporates into the soils, the amount of organic C in these regions can increase by over 40% by 2050. Thus, it is proposed that increasing the incorporation of crop residues and manure is essential for maintaining the pool of soil organic C in the regions.

Key words: Soil organic C, Global climatic change, Model simulation and prediction.

中图分类号:

S153．6＋ 21

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