地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 826 -835. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.078

气候变化及人类活动对地表蒸散发影响 上一篇    下一篇

大气 CO2浓度增加对中国区域植被蒸腾的影响
田静( )   
  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室，北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-06 修回日期:2021-05-22 出版日期:2021-08-10
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“全球CO2非均匀动态分布与地表温度时空关系研究”(2016YFA0602501);国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于遥感信息的地表水、热和碳通量耦合模型研究”(42071327)

Effects of Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration on Vegetation Transpiration over China

Jing TIAN( )   

  1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes，Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100101，China
  • Received:2021-04-06 Revised:2021-05-22 Online:2021-08-10 Published:2021-09-22
  • About author:TIAN Jing (1979-), female, Fuxin City, Liaoning Province, Assistant professor. Research areas include remote sensing hydrology. E-mail: tianj.04b@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China "Heterogeneity and dynamic distributions of global atmospheric CO2 concentration and its spatio-temporal relationships with surface temperature"(2016YFA0602501);The National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on the coupled model of land surface water, heat and CO2 fluxes using remote sensing data"(42071327)
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近几十年来，人类活动带来的化石燃料燃烧和工业过程引起了全球大气CO2浓度的显著增长，带来了一系列生态和环境问题，其中对地表蒸散发的影响就是一个重要方面。地表蒸散发及其分量植被蒸腾是能量和水量平衡的重要组分，直接影响着陆气相互作用和水循环系统。由于大气CO2浓度增加可通过减小叶片气孔导度从而抑制植被蒸腾，为量化这一影响，基于碳水耦合的蒸散发模型PML-V2和CMIP6的大气CO2浓度时空序列驱动数据，分别进行了考虑和不考虑大气CO2浓度逐年增加情况下的2组植被蒸腾模拟试验。通过对比2组结果分析了2001—2014年大气CO2浓度增加对中国区域植被蒸腾的影响。研究结果显示，在季节上，夏季大气CO2浓度增加对植被蒸腾的抑制作用最小，冬季最大；在数量级上，2001—2014年大气CO2浓度引起植被蒸腾变化在0~5%；不同生态系统比较而言，森林、耕地和灌丛生态系统受CO2浓度增加引起植被蒸腾的减小量较大，14年间减小量为15~20 mm/a，而草地下降最小，约5 mm/a；在空间上，我国中东部受影响最大；CO2浓度引起植被蒸腾变化最敏感的区域是我国东南部地区。

关键词: 大气CO2浓度, 植被蒸腾, PML-V2模型

In recent decades， a great increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration has （［CO2］） occurred due to fossil fuel combustion and industrialization， which has caused a series of ecological and environmental issues. One of the effects of the increase of ［CO2］ is on evapotranspiration （ET）. ET is a component of surface energy balance and water balance， therefore， its change would influence the exchange between surface and atmosphere and water cycle directly. On the basis of a water-carbon coupled model named PML-V2 and the CMIP6 ［CO2］ datasets， this study estimated two sets of vegetation transpiration （Ec） from 2001 to 2014. One simulation is static： the constant ［CO2］ concentration in 2001 is fixed as input during the simulation from 2001 to 2014. The other was dynamic： time-varying ［CO2］ was used during the simulation from 2001 to 2014. By comparing the two sets of Ec， the effects of ［CO2］ on Ec were explored. The results showed that the reduction in Ec due to the increase of ［CO2］ was smallest in summer and is largest in winter. From 2001 to 2014， this reduction is 0~5%. The largest effect occurred in the eastern and in the central areas of China. For ecosystems of forest， wetland， cropland and shrubland/savanna， the reduction of Ec due to the increase of ［CO2］ is 15~20 mm/a till 2014. For grassland， the reduction is 5 mm/a. The sensitivity of the effects of the increase of ［CO2］ on Ec to arid index， precipitation and air temperature indicated that Ec was the most sensitive to ［CO2］ in the southeast of China.

Key words: Atmospheric CO2 concentration, Vegetation transpiration, PML-V2 model

中图分类号: 

图1 2001—2014年大气CO2浓度多年平均值（a）和年季变化（b）
Fig. 1 Multi-year average （a） of atmospheric CO2 concentration and its seasonal change （b）（2001-2014）
图2 4个季度大气CO2浓度2014 年与2001 年差值的空间分布
冬季：当年12月至次年2 月；春季：3~5 月；夏季：6~8 月；秋季：9~11 月
Fig. 2 Difference of atmospheric CO2 concentration for four seasons between 2001 and 2014
Winter：from December to February next year；Spring：from March to May；Summer：from June to August；Autumn：from September to November
图3 大气CO2浓度增加引起的2001—2014年不同季节植被蒸腾量相对变化百分率
相对变化百分率=CO 2浓度增加引起的变化量/2001年值；白色区域表示无植被蒸腾
Fig. 3 Relative change percent of transpiration for four seasons due to the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration
Relative change percent = change of transpiration due to CO 2 increase /transpiration in 2001； No transpiration in white areas
图4 2001—2014年大气CO2浓度变化对中国及不同生态系统年植被蒸腾量的影响
差值=固定CO 2的植被蒸腾-变化CO 2的植被蒸腾
Fig. 4 Effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration on transpiration for different ecosystems over China during 2001-2014
Difference=transpiration in constant CO 2-transpiration in varied CO 2
图5 2014年MODIS中国区域土地利用/覆盖分类
森林：常绿阔叶/针叶林、落叶阔叶/针叶林、混交林； 灌从：郁闭/开放灌丛、多树/稀树草原；草原：草原； 耕地：作物、作物和自然植被镶嵌体
Fig. 5 Land use/cover classifications based on MODIS product in 2014
Forests： Evergreen needleleaf / Broadleaf forest， deciduous needleleaf / broadleaf forest and mixed forest； Shrublands： closed / open shrublands， woody savannas， savannas； Grasslands： grassland； Agricural land： croplands， cropland / natural vegetation mosaics
图6 2001—2014年CO2浓度引起植被蒸腾变化（植被蒸腾/ΔCO2浓度）随干燥指数、年降雨量和年平均气温的变化Fig. 6 Transpiration change due to the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration （transpiration/ΔCO2） with the change of arid index， annual precipitation and annual air temperature during 2001-2014
图7 2001—2014年平均干燥指数空间分布图
Fig. 7 Spatial distribution of multi-year average of arid index during 2001-2014
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