夷平面研究新进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.032

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 378 -388. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.032

夷平面研究新进展

熊建国 ¹(

),李有利 ²,张培震 ^1, ³

^1.地震动力学国家重点实验室，中国地震局地质研究所，北京 100029
^2.地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室，北京大学城市与环境学院，北京 100871
^3.广东省地球动力作用与地质灾害重点实验室，中山大学地球科学与工程学院，广州 510275

收稿日期:2020-01-30 修回日期:2020-03-19 出版日期:2020-04-10
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“山西地堑系北部六棱山地貌演化定量研究”(41971002);“榆林河地貌演化及其对阿尔金断裂扩展的响应”(41702219)

New Advances in Planation Surface Research

Jianguo Xiong ¹( ),Youli Li ²,Peizhen Zhang ^1, ³

^1.State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
^3.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

Received:2020-01-30 Revised:2020-03-19 Online:2020-04-10 Published:2020-05-08
About author:Xiong Jianguo (1986-), male, Chongqing City, Associate professor. Research areas include active tectonics and tectonic geomorphology. E-mail: xiongjg@pku.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Quantitive research on geomorphic evolution of the Liulengshan Mountains in the north of the Shanxi Graben Systems"(41971002);"Geomorphological evolution of Yulin He and its response to the propagation of the Altyn Tagh Fault"(41702219)

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夷平面占据大的地域范围，其形成跨越长时间尺度，是地貌学研究的重要内容和基本理论问题。对夷平面的3个主要类型，即准平原、山麓面和刻蚀平原的基本概念、相关理论及其发展历史进行了简要回顾；然后基于夷平面与地层的关系，对上覆地层和下伏地层的年代学研究，以及一些综合的年代学方法进行了简要介绍；夷平面发育、最终形成和解体深受构造运动和气候变化的影响，因此在深入剖析两者各自作用后，详细阐释它们对夷平面的共同影响；最后对中国夷平面研究尤其华北地区夷平面研究的进展进行了阐述，并详细介绍了有关山西地堑系南部中条山北麓唐县面的演化过程的研究。

关键词: 夷平面, 准平原, 山麓面, 构造运动, 气候变化

The planation surface occupies a large area and its formation spans a long-time scale. It is an important content and basic theoretical problem in geomorphology research. In this article, the basic concepts, related theories and development history of the three main types of planation surfaces, i.e. peneplain, pediment, and etchplain, were briefly reviewed. Then, based on the relationship between planation surface and strata, the chronological study of overlying and underlying strata, and some comprehensive chronological methods were briefly introduced. The respective and combined influence of tectonic movement and climate change on the development, final formation and disintegration of planation surface were deeply analyzed. Finally, the progress of planation surface research in China, especially in North China was elaborated, and the research on the evolution process of the Tangxian surface in the northern Zhongtiao Shan in the southern Shanxi Graben System was introduced in detail.

Key words: Planation surface, Peneplain, Pediment, Tectonic movement, Climate change

中图分类号:

P931

图1 坡地演化理论对比

Fig.1 Theoretical comparison of slope evolution

图2 山麓面形成中的山坡要素(据参考文献[ 14 ]修改)

Fig.2 Slope elements in pediment formation (modified after reference [ 14 ])

图3 中国华北地区夷平面分布(据参考文献[ 29 , 33 ]修改)
1：五台山；2：小五台山

Fig.3 Planation surface distribution in North China (modified after references[29,33])
1.Wutai Shan; 2. Xiaowutai Shan

图4 中条山唐县面地质地貌图
（a）中条山—运城盆地地质简图（据1∶20万地质图）和主要断裂 ^{[

86
,

87
]}；（b）中条山—运城盆地地质结构图（据参考文献［ 29 ］修改）；唐县面、夏县砾岩、低台地和运城盆地分别被中条山北麓断裂的分支断裂F ₁、F ₂、F ₃分割；SLB：盐湖钻孔；WYK：王峪口剖面；XX：夏县剖面；YT：窑头剖面；NY：南窑剖面；LP：了坡剖面

Fig.4 Geological and geomorphic map of the Tangxian planation surface in the Zhongtiaoshan
(a) Simplified geological map of the Yuncheng Basin and Zhongtiao Shan digitized from 1∶200 000 Chinese geologic maps with main faults ^{[

86
,

87
]}；（b) Geological cross of the of the Zhongtiao Shan-Yuncheng Basin（modified aftrer reference［ 29 ］）. The Tangxian planation surface，Xiaxian Conglomerate，Low Platform and Yuncheng Basin are respectively bounded by F ₁, F ₂, and F ₃, three branches of the north Zhongtiao Shan fault. SLB. Salt Lake borehole; WYK. Wangyukou section; XX. Xiaxian setion; NY. Nanyao section; LP. Liaopo section

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