地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 363 -377. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.035

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

多瑙河黄土与古环境研究进展
武雪超 1, 2( ),郝青振 1, 2, 3( ),Marković Slobodan B 4,付玉 1, 2,娜米尔 1, 2,宋扬 5,郭正堂 1, 2, 3   
  1. 1. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，中国科学院新生代地质与环境重点实验室，北京 100029
    2. 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院，北京 100049
    3. 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心，北京 100044
    4. Chair of Physical Geography, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi?a 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
    5. 北京城市系统工程研究中心，北京 100035
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-20 修回日期:2020-03-02 出版日期:2020-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 郝青振 E-mail:haoqz@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目“大陆演化与季风系统演变”(41888101);国家重点研发计划项目“东亚季风区和西风影响区的多时间尺度古气候变化对比研究”(2017YFE0112800)

Progress in Danube Loess and Paleoenvironment Study

Xuechao Wu 1, 2( ),Qingzhen Hao 1, 2, 3( ),B Marković Slobodan 4,Yu Fu 1, 2, Namira 1, 2,Yang Song 5,Zhengtang Guo 1, 2, 3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
    4. Chair of Physical Geography, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi?a 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
    5. Beijing Research Center for Urban System Engineering, Beijing 100035, China
  • Received:2020-01-20 Revised:2020-03-02 Online:2020-04-10 Published:2020-05-08
  • Contact: Qingzhen Hao E-mail:haoqz@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
  • About author:Wu Xuechao (1993-), male, Shahe County, Hebei Province, Master student. Research areas include European loess and paleoenvironment. E-mail: xchwu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Continental evolution and Earth's monsoon system”(41888101);The National Key Research and Development Program of China “Comparative study of past climate changes at multi-timescale in East Asian monsoon region and Westerly zone”(2017YFE0112800)
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多瑙河黄土位于欧亚黄土带的西端，是欧洲沉积和保存最完整的黄土地层，底界可达1 Ma以上。由于其独特的地理位置，多瑙河黄土对于理解欧亚大陆不同区域气候系统演化的联系、北半球中高纬地区的气候变化有着重要的价值。在系统梳理多瑙河黄土在物质组成、物源、年代学、地层学和古环境重建等方面的研究进展和不足的基础上，提出了未来研究在物源、年代学、地层和古环境重建等4个方面的主攻方向。在物源研究方面需要系统获得潜在物源区沉积物组成信息，并开展物源示踪指标的方法学和多指标相互印证研究；在年代学和地层学方面需要加强长石释光年代学、火山灰年代学等研究，建立有多个绝对年龄控制的、高精度的年代标尺及其年代约束下统一的地层命名和对比方案；在古环境重建方面需要将高分辨率、多指标古气候重建工作从末次间冰期以来的地层拓展至最近1 Ma以来的整个序列。上述研究的开展是未来欧亚黄土区古气候对比和气候动力学机制研究获得突破的关键。

关键词: 多瑙河黄土, 黄土—古土壤, 古环境, 古气候

Danube loess, located at the westernmost part of the widespread Eurasian loess belt, is one of the most well-preserved aeolian dust deposits in Europe with the basal age dating back over 1 Ma. Owing to its unique location and formation processes, Danube loess plays an important role in understanding the linkage of climate changes in different climate regimes over Eurasian continent and paleoclimatic changes in middle-high northern latitudes. Major research advances of the Danube loess, including compositions, provenance, chronology, stratigraphy and paleoenvironment changes were systematically reviewed and the focuses of future research were suggested. To better understand loess provenance, the compositions of sediments in all the potential source areas should be investigated, and methodological study of provenance indicators and application of multi-proxies approaches need to be carried out. Chronologically and stratigraphically, feldspar luminescence dating and tephrochronology methods should be widely used, and the establishment of a uniform stratigraphic framework and correlation scheme should be constrained by precise chronology. In terms of the paleoenvironment, it is necessary to conduct high-resolution multi-proxies reconstruction of paleoenviroment for the entire loess-paleosol sequence, extending from the last interglacial period (130 ka to present) to interval of last 1 Ma. The future progress in Danube loess is crucial to improving the study of continental paleoclimate comparison and paleoclimate dynamics over the Eurasian loess region.

Key words: Danube loess, Loess-Paleosol, Paleoenvironment, Paleoclimate.

中图分类号: 

图1 多瑙河黄土的分布（据参考文献[ 10 , 11 , 12 ]改绘）
Fig.1 The distribution of Danube loess（modified after references[10~12]）
1. Paks [ 13 , 14 ]; 2. Tamási [ 15 ]; 3. Dunaszekcs? [ 16 ]; 4. Mende [ 17 ]; 5. Beremend [ 18 ]; 6. Zmajevac [ 19 ]; 7. Constinesti [ 20 ]; 8. Orlovat [ 21 ]; 9. Brno [ 22 ]; 10. Batajnica [ 23 , 24 ]; 11. Koriten [ 25 ]; 12. Viatovo [ 26 ]; 13. Mircea Voda [ 27 ]; 14. Zimnicea [ 27 ]; 15. Titel [ 6 ]; 16. Stari Slankamen [ 4 , 6 ]; 17. Crvenka [ 28 ]
图2 多瑙河流域与黄土高原典型黄土层样品粒度组成的对比（数据来自参考文献[ 15 , 16 , 35 ]）
Fig.2 Comparison of grain size composition of typical loess samples from Danube region and the Chinese Loess Plateau（data from references[15, 16, 35]）
图3 多瑙河黄土与黄土高原黄土黏土矿物组成的对比（数据来自参考文献[ 14 , 18 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]）
Fig. 3 Comparison of clay mineral composition of the Danube loess and the loess of Chinese Loess Plateau（data from references[14, 18, 49~53]）
图4 多瑙河与黄土高原L1 黄土主量元素UCC标准化模式（数据来自参考文献[ 14 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 54 , 55 ]）
Fig. 4 UCC-normalized for major elements of L1 loess in Danube region and the Chinese Loess Plateau（data from references[14, 18, 20~22, 54, 55]）
表1 多瑙河和黄土高原 L1 黄土主量元素平均组成的质量百分含量 （单位：%） （数据来自参考文献[ 14 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 54 , 55 ]）
Table 1 The average mass percentage of major elements of L1 loess in Danube region and the Chinese Loess Plateau（unit: %） （data from references[14, 18, 20~22, 54, 55]）
剖面 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O
Beremend 65.78 0.98 15.15 5.72 0.12 2.32 6.29 0.91 2.73
Majs 63.52 0.91 13.28 4.55 0.09 3.79 9.93 1.53 2.39
Orlovat 55.44 1.01 14.00 5.60 0.12 3.84 16.63 1.16 2.20
Paks 63.03 0.83 11.18 3.89 0.09 4.63 13.02 1.40 1.92
Brno 68.55 0.77 12.04 4.11 0.08 2.14 8.91 1.15 2.25
CLP-L1 65.43 0.69 12.96 4.85 0.09 2.50 9.18 1.74 2.54
图5 多瑙河黄土—古土壤序列及其与黄土高原的对比（据参考文献[ 6 , 9 , 23 ]修改）
Fig.5 Loess-paleosol sequences in Danube region and its correlation with the Chinese Loess Plateau（modified after references[6，9，23]）
表2 多瑙河黄土地层对比框架 （据参考文献[ 3 , 5 , 9 , 31 ]修改 ）
Table 2 Correlations of Danube loess stratigraphy （modified after references[ 3 , 5 , 9 , 31 ]
多瑙河黄土岩性地层
奥地利 捷克 匈牙利 塞尔维亚新方案 罗马尼亚 保加利亚

多瑙河黄土

统一地层
地层1 地层2 区域代表地层 Udvari-2A钻孔 理论区域地层
KR-1 PKI U2-S0 h1 V-S0 S0 S0 S0
h2
AS16 L1 U2-L1 L1 V-L1 L1 L1 L1
AS15 Ps1 U2-S1 MF1
AS14
AS13
AS12 MF2
AS11 L2
AS10 KR-2 PKII Ps2 V-S1 S1 S1 S1
KR-3 PKIII
AS9 L3 U2-L2 L2 V-L2 L2 L2 L2
AS8a U2-S2
AS8 U2-L3
AS7a PKIV Ps3/1 U2-S3 BD1 V-S2 S2 S2 S2
Ps3L L3
Ps3/2 BD2
L4 U2-L4 L4 V-L3 L3 L3 L3
L5
AS7b PKV Ps4 U2-S4 BA V-S3 S3 S3 S3
AS7c
AS6 L5 L6 V-L4 L4 L4 L4
AS5 PKVI Ps5 MB V-S4 S4 S4 S4
AS4a-AS4d L6 U2-L5 L7 V-L5 L5 L5 L5
AS3
AS2 PKVII U2-S5 Phe V-S5 S5 S5 S5
U2-L6 L8
Ps6 U2-S6 Mtp
AS1 L7 U2-L7 L9 V-L6 L6 L6 L6
PKIX Ps7/1 U2-S7 PD1 V-S6 S6 S6 S6
Ps7L U2-L8 L10 V-L7 L7 L7
KR-4 PKX Ps7/2 U2-S8 PD2 V-S7 S7 S7
L8 U2-L9 L11 V-L8 L8 L7 L8
Ps8/1 U2-S9 PDK V-S8 S8 S8
PsL L12 V-L9 L9
PKXI Ps8/2
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