地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 293 -304. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.03.0293

全球变化研究 上一篇    下一篇

关中东部全新世黄土—古土壤序列粒度组分变化特征及古气候意义
王兆夺( ), 黄春长 *( ), 周亚利, 庞奖励, 查小春   
  1. 陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院 地理学国家级实验教学示范中心,陕西 西安 710119
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-09 修回日期:2018-02-27 出版日期:2018-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 黄春长 E-mail:joedonwang@163.com;cchuang@snnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金项目“黄河上游官亭盆地全新世群发性重大自然灾害发生年代与成因机制研究”(编号:41771110);中央高校基本科研业务费专项“全新世黄土古土壤序列高分辨率沉积旋回划分”(编号:GK201704013)资助.

Characteristics of Holocene Loess-Palaeosol Particle Size Composition and Paleoclimatic Significance in East Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province

Zhaoduo Wang( ), Chunchang Huang *( ), Yali Zhou, Jiangli Pang, Xiaochun Zha   

  1. Department of Geography Shannxi Normal University National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, Xi’an 710119 ,China
  • Received:2017-11-09 Revised:2018-02-27 Online:2018-03-20 Published:2018-05-02
  • Contact: Chunchang Huang E-mail:joedonwang@163.com;cchuang@snnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Occurrence dating and mechanism research for Holocene massive natural disasters within the Guanting Basin along the Upper Yellow River”(No.41771110);The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities “The high resolution sedimentary cycle of loess palaeosol sequence in Holocene”(No.GK201704013).
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通过在陕西关中东部的一条全新世黄土古土壤剖面(尧禾村剖面)进行高分辨率采样,对150个样品的粒度数据做了端元分析,并进一步对各端元组分含量在深度变化的时间尺度上做了小波变换。粒度端元分析结果认为,可以把代表3种不同沉积动力以及改造动力的组分端元分离出来。并结合磁化率、地球化学指标的对比分析,初步认为,尧禾村剖面端元1可能代表了沉积物沉积后在东亚夏季风作用下的风化及成壤改造作用;端元2可能代表了东亚冬季风作用下典型的风成黄土组分特征;端元3可能代表了区域东北风或北风搬运的近源沉积物。小波分析认为,各端元所代表的动力强弱大致在1.5,3.0和4.5 ka的尺度上具有较为明显的准周期性。通过对沉积物进行粒度端元划分,在识别沉积物沉积动力环境和物源特征上具有良好的效果,各端元组合特征能够很敏感地反映出沉积动力组合特征,对全新世各动力变化特征能够很好地反映,同时在更长时间尺度上重建古季风气候具有参考意义,应用小波分析对划分相应时间尺度上的周期性和推断未来可能的变化趋势提供了可能。

关键词: 全新世, 黄土—古土壤;, 粒度, 端元分析, 古气候

This paper made an end-member analysis of particle size data collected from 150 samples based on the continuous Holocene Loess-Paleosol profile (Yaohecun profile) in east Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Wavelet analysis was also performed for the EMs along the time scale of depth.The result shows that three end members can be separated from different sediment particle sizes. Based on comparative analysis of magnetic susceptibility and geochemical index, it was considered that the End-member 1 might indicate the weathering and pedogenic remoulding after sediment deposition under the east Asian summer monsoon. The End-member 2 might indicate dynamic effect of dust storm accumulation under the influence of northwest monsoon, representing typical component characteristics of aeolian loess.The End-member 3 indicated the stronger transporting force for coarse components, which should belong to the northeasterly winds for the coarse-grained near-source sediments from the Yellow River flood plain. Results of wavelet analysis show that each EM has different periodic characteristics at 1.5 ka, 3.0 ka and 4.5 ka scales.The End-element analysis method has a good effect in indicating the sedimentary environment and provenance characteristics of sediments. The combination characteristics of each End-member can reflect the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics combination and can well reflect the Holocene dynamic change course. At the same time, it hasreference significance to reconstruct the paleoclimate on the longer time scale.The wavelet analysis method provides significant results in terms of inversion cycles and trends of dynamics change of sedimentary particle size within each EM.

Key words: Holocene, Loess-palaeosol, Particle size, End member analysis, Palaeoclimate.

中图分类号: 

图1 白水县尧禾村黄土古土壤剖面位置(a)及周边若干地点1961—1970年优势风向(b)
Fig.1 The site of the Yaohecun(YHC) profile of loess palaeosol in East Guanzhong(a)and the diagram showing the most frequency characteristics of wind in ten years from 1961 to 1970 in study area(b)
图1 白水县尧禾村黄土古土壤剖面位置(a)及周边若干地点1961—1970年优势风向(b)
Fig.1 The site of the Yaohecun(YHC) profile of loess palaeosol in East Guanzhong(a)and the diagram showing the most frequency characteristics of wind in ten years from 1961 to 1970 in study area(b)
表1 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面地层划分与特征
Table 1 Pedostratigraphic descriptions of the YHC profile
地层 深度/cm 颜色和结构
表层土
(TS)		 0~30 浊橙色(10YR6/4),团粒结构,有虫孔,较松散,耕作痕迹明显
近代黄土
(L0)		 30~100 浊黄橙色(10YR6/3),致密结构,有虫孔,团粒结构,有生物活动痕迹,底部含有大量的灰色薄陶片
古土壤
(S0)		 100~170 浊棕色(7.5YR6/3),有虫孔,团粒结构非常发育,蚯蚓孔和蚯蚓粪丰富,白色碳酸盐胶膜发育良好
过渡黄土
(Lt)		 170~220 浅浊棕色(10YR7/3),含大量假菌丝体,较致密,颗粒较细,有钙结核
马兰黄土
(L1)		 220~ 浊黄橙色(10YR7/4),质地疏松,均质结构
表1 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面地层划分与特征
Table 1 Pedostratigraphic descriptions of the YHC profile
地层 深度/cm 颜色和结构
表层土
(TS)		 0~30 浊橙色(10YR6/4),团粒结构,有虫孔,较松散,耕作痕迹明显
近代黄土
(L0)		 30~100 浊黄橙色(10YR6/3),致密结构,有虫孔,团粒结构,有生物活动痕迹,底部含有大量的灰色薄陶片
古土壤
(S0)		 100~170 浊棕色(7.5YR6/3),有虫孔,团粒结构非常发育,蚯蚓孔和蚯蚓粪丰富,白色碳酸盐胶膜发育良好
过渡黄土
(Lt)		 170~220 浅浊棕色(10YR7/3),含大量假菌丝体,较致密,颗粒较细,有钙结核
马兰黄土
(L1)		 220~ 浊黄橙色(10YR7/4),质地疏松,均质结构
图2 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面和二趟村(ETC)剖面、格大张(GDZ)剖面地层对比 [ 21 , 22 ]
Fig.2 The stratigraphy comparison of YHC profile, ETC profoile and GDZ profile [ 21 , 22 ]
图2 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面和二趟村(ETC)剖面、格大张(GDZ)剖面地层对比 [ 21 , 22 ]
Fig.2 The stratigraphy comparison of YHC profile, ETC profoile and GDZ profile [ 21 , 22 ]
图3 端元划分的线性相关和角度离差
Fig.3 Linear correlation and Angular deviation of end members
图3 端元划分的线性相关和角度离差
Fig.3 Linear correlation and Angular deviation of end members
图4 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面粒度频率曲线(a)和谢帕德三角分类(b)
Fig.4 The grain size frequency curves(a) and triangle diagram of Shephard(b) of YHC profile
图4 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面粒度频率曲线(a)和谢帕德三角分类(b)
Fig.4 The grain size frequency curves(a) and triangle diagram of Shephard(b) of YHC profile
图5 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面各端元频率分布曲线
Fig.5 Frequency distribution curves of each end member in the YHC profile
图5 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面各端元频率分布曲线
Fig.5 Frequency distribution curves of each end member in the YHC profile
表2 关中东部白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面各端元粒度参数特征
Table 2 The end member parameters characteristic of YHC profile
平均粒径
/μm		 分选系数 偏度 峰度
EM1 12.66 3.32 -0.11 0.91
EM2 15.57 2.63 -0.14 1.09
EM3 21.41 3.41 -0.47 1.00
表2 关中东部白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面各端元粒度参数特征
Table 2 The end member parameters characteristic of YHC profile
平均粒径
/μm		 分选系数 偏度 峰度
EM1 12.66 3.32 -0.11 0.91
EM2 15.57 2.63 -0.14 1.09
EM3 21.41 3.41 -0.47 1.00
图6 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面沉积物粒度端元组分和其他相应气候指标垂向上变化特征
Fig.6 The changing of climatic indexes and each end member content in depth of YHC profile
图6 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面沉积物粒度端元组分和其他相应气候指标垂向上变化特征
Fig.6 The changing of climatic indexes and each end member content in depth of YHC profile
表3 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面各端元组分含量、磁化率以及地球化学指标随深度变化对比分析简表
Table 3 Analysis of the depth change of end member contents, magnetic susceptibility and geochemical index of YHC profile
深度/cm EM1
/%		 EM2
/%		 EM3
/%		 磁化率 地化指标 备注
Xlf Xhf CIA Rb/Sr
0~30 21.24 35.90 42.87 119.07 109.59 65.14 0.49 均值 (TS)
30~100 13.63 27.28 59.09 117.52 108.03 65.28 0.55 均值 (L0)
100~170 60.35 17.20 22.44 149.00 135.28 66.68 0.71 均值 ( S0)
170~220 28.45 50.71 20.84 117.64 107.40 65.38 0.56 均值 (Lt)
220~300 26.97 58.38 14.65 124.27 113.38 64.69 0.54 均值 (L1)
表3 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面各端元组分含量、磁化率以及地球化学指标随深度变化对比分析简表
Table 3 Analysis of the depth change of end member contents, magnetic susceptibility and geochemical index of YHC profile
深度/cm EM1
/%		 EM2
/%		 EM3
/%		 磁化率 地化指标 备注
Xlf Xhf CIA Rb/Sr
0~30 21.24 35.90 42.87 119.07 109.59 65.14 0.49 均值 (TS)
30~100 13.63 27.28 59.09 117.52 108.03 65.28 0.55 均值 (L0)
100~170 60.35 17.20 22.44 149.00 135.28 66.68 0.71 均值 ( S0)
170~220 28.45 50.71 20.84 117.64 107.40 65.38 0.56 均值 (Lt)
220~300 26.97 58.38 14.65 124.27 113.38 64.69 0.54 均值 (L1)
图7 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面沉积物粒度参数在深度上的变化特征
Fig.7 Variation of sediment grain size parameters in depth in YHC profile
图7 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面沉积物粒度参数在深度上的变化特征
Fig.7 Variation of sediment grain size parameters in depth in YHC profile
图8 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面沉积物沉积学粒级组分划分在深度上的变化特征
Fig.8 Variation of sediment grain-size fractions by sedimentary in depth in YHC profile
图8 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面沉积物沉积学粒级组分划分在深度上的变化特征
Fig.8 Variation of sediment grain-size fractions by sedimentary in depth in YHC profile
图9 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面沉积物土壤学粒级组分划分在深度上的变化特征
Fig.9 Variations of sediment grai-size fractions by soil science in depth in YHC profile
图9 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面沉积物土壤学粒级组分划分在深度上的变化特征
Fig.9 Variations of sediment grai-size fractions by soil science in depth in YHC profile
图10 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面各端元百分含量在时间尺度上的小波变换
Fig.10 The wavelet analysis of YHC profile each end member content in time scale
图10 白水县尧禾村(YHC)剖面各端元百分含量在时间尺度上的小波变换
Fig.10 The wavelet analysis of YHC profile each end member content in time scale
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