地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 285 -294. doi: 1001-8166(2014)02-0285-10

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黑河流域中游人工水循环系统在分水前后的变化
盖迎春( ), 李新, 田伟, 张艳林, 王维真, 胡晓利   
  1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2013-11-24 修回日期:2014-02-02 出版日期:2014-03-10
  • 基金资助:
    本论文的完成十分感谢张掖市水务局各位领导支持,同时感谢几位审稿专家对本论文提出的重要的评论和建议。;西部行动计划三期项目#cod#x0201c;黑河流域生态#cod#x02014;水文遥感产品生产算法研究与应用试验#cod#x0201d;（编号：KZCX2-XB3-15）;国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点项目#cod#x0201c;黑河流域生态#cod#x02014;水文过程集成研究#cod#x0201d;（编号：91125001）资助.

The Impacts of Water Delivery on Artificial Hydrological circulation System of the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin

Yingchun GE, Xin LI, Wei TIAN, Yanlin ZHANG, Weizhen WANG, Xiaoli HU   

  1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China
  • Received:2013-11-24 Revised:2014-02-02 Online:2014-03-10 Published:2014-02-10
全文 ( 6 ) 下载PDF ( 1329 )

介绍了黑河流域中游人工水文循环过程及其中各系统之间的关系,目标是为黑河流域生态#cod#x02014;水文过程模拟提供一套较准确的数据集。利用张掖市水利年报、莺落峡水文站资料以及张掖市水资源管理年报等调查数据分析了黑河分水前后,2000年和2010年黑河流域中游引水、输水和用水系统的变化过程,得出以下结论：①人工水文循环过程通过引水系统、输水系统、储水系统和用水系统来影响农业水资源在时空上的分配,它是人类活动影响下的中游水文循环过程的重要组成部分；②2010年比2000年引水口门减少了26处,渠道综合水利用率提高了3.6%；③与2000年相比,2010年地表水和地下水资源开发利用在空间上产生了很大变化,地表水引水量减少了1.05亿m3,地下水开采量增加了1.64亿m3。最后,从径流、地下水、大气水方面分析了人工水循环过程对自然水循环过程的影响。

关键词: 人工水文结构, 黑河流域, 水文模型, 黑河分水, 灌溉

Artificial hydrological circulation process, including four sub-system contributing to water withdrawal, water transfer, water saving, and water use, respectively, is presented. The relationship among subsystems is described. The objective of this paper is to provide sets of data related to artificial water circulation for the study of hydroecological processes in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The changes of sub-systems between the year of 2000 and that of 2010 are analyzed by investigating hydraulic engineering, water resources condition, crop pattern, and agricultural water management. The results show: ①hat artificial water circulation process is playing a role to control agricultural water allocation in time and space, and is an important part of hydrological circulation process of the middle reaches; ② that, in 2010, the number of water withdrawal gates decreases by 26 and channel water use efficiency increases by 3.6% as much as that in 2000; and ③ that there is considerable changes in water resources development and utilization from 2000 to 2010, including surface water withdrawal reduction of 1.05#cod#x000d7;109 m3, and groundwater exploitation increase of 1.64#cod#x000d7;109 m3. Finally, effects of artificial water cycle on natural hydrological circulation are analyzed from runoff, groundwater, and atmosphere water perspective.

Key words: Artificial hydrological circulation system, Heihe River Basin, Hydrology model, Water Allocation, Irrigation.

中图分类号: 

表1 1999-2002年间黑河干流水量分配年度指标与实际水量分配
Table 1 Annual water allocation target and actually water allocated of main stream of the Heihe river from 1999 to 2002
调水年份 调水指标（亿m3） 实际调水（亿m3）
莺落峡来水量 正义峡下泄量 莺落峡来水量 正义峡下泄量
1999 15.8 8.0 14.62 6.50
2000 15.8 8.3 13.13 6.48
2001 15.8 9.0 16.11 9.23
2002 15.8 9.5 19.03 11.61
图1 黑河流域中游人工水文循环过程
Fig.1 Artificial water cycle processes of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin
图2 黑河干流中游河段引水口门分布位置
Fig.2 Distribution of the main channel manual regulating gates of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin
表2 甘临高3县区13个灌区2000年和2010年机井眼数和灌溉面积(水利部黄河水利委员会黑河流域管理局,中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所.黑河中游地区水资源开发利用效率评估[R].2012.张掖市水务局.张掖市灌溉管理年报.2000年和2010年.张掖市水务局.张掖市水利年报.2000年和2010年.张掖市水务局.草滩庄水情报告.2000年和2010年.)
Table 2 Number of well and irrigation area of 13 irrigation districts allocated at three counties in 2000 and 2010
县区 灌区 2000 2010
机井眼数 灌溉面积（104hm2） 机井眼数 灌溉面积
（104 hm2）
甘州区 大满灌区 837 1.30 1133 1.56
盈科灌区 900 1.55 1189 1.53
西浚灌区 1068 1.22 849 1.27
上三灌区 346 0.00 23 0.00
小计 3151 4.06 3194 4.36
临泽县 梨园河灌区 125 0.15 376 1.02
平川灌区 231 0.02 284 0.09
板桥灌区 29 0.00 187 0.00
鸭暖灌区 135 0.04 97 0.01
蓼泉灌区 106 0.02 603 0.20
沙河灌区 192 0.09 204 0.34
小计 818 0.32 1751 1.67
高台县 友联灌区 1481 1.26 3544 1.70
六坝灌区 87 0.08 262 0.10
罗城灌区 10 0.01 546 0.29
小计 1577 1.35 4352 2.10
合计 5546 5.73 9297 8.12
表3 黑河干流甘临高三县区2000年与2010年各级渠道长度与相应的渠道水利用率
Table 3 Length and water use efficiency of channels with different level distributed at three counties in 2000 and 2010
所在县区 渠道类型 2000年 2010年
渠道长度/km 渠道水利用率/% 渠道长度/km 渠道水利用率/%
甘州 干渠 325.88 83.3 344.67 91.4
支渠 658.06 87.5 768.26 92.8
斗渠 1452.60 82.5 1382.40 84.7
农渠 3795.77 80.4 4187.93 82.2
临泽 干渠 327.79 86.1 326.12 85.8
支渠 285.23 82.1 344.00 84.8
斗渠 474.42 84.8 548.43 86.8
农渠 811.38 87.3 1203.45 86.4
高台 干渠 575.23 67.2 453.58 82.7
支渠 156.96 67.6 106.93 87.4
斗渠 775.37 64.7 901.98 88.1
农渠 1028.42 69.6 1862.94 82.2
图 3 2010年黑河干流与梨园河供引水关系拓扑结构
Fig 3. Topology of the main channels set in the Heihe river and the Liyuanhe river and their surface water withdrawal, and relationships between the main channels and the irrigation district
表4 以10年周期的莺落峡与正义峡年平均径流量关系
Table 4 Relationships between annual average runoff of Zhengyi gorge and Yingluo gorge by 10 years cycle
时间段 莺落峡平均径流量/亿m3 正义峡平均径流量/亿m3 径流量差/亿m3
1956-1959年 17.35 12.72 4.63
1960-1969年 14.71 11.23 3.48
1970-1979年 13.94 10.55 3.38
1980-1989年 17.43 10.99 6.43
1990-1999年 15.84 7.74 8.09
2000-2009年 16.60 10.01 6.59
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