地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 661 -676. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.048

研究论文 上一篇    

中国海洋再分析全球2.0版(CORA2)大洋内区近表层和近岸表层海流检验评估
陈盼盼1,2,3(), 赵亮1, 高志刚3(), 付红丽2,3(), 袁文亚2,3, 戴凌飞2,3, 吴新荣2,3, 但博2,3, 李程3   
  1. 1.天津科技大学 海洋与环境学院,天津 300457
    2.自然资源部海洋环境信息保障技术 重点实验室,天津 300171
    3.国家海洋信息中心,天津 300171
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-01 修回日期:2026-05-26 出版日期:2026-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 高志刚,付红丽 E-mail:2628685509@qq.com;gzg_ocean@163.com;fhlkjj@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42476028);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42405048)

Evaluation of Near-Surface Ocean Circulation and Coastal Surface Currents in the China Ocean Reanalysis Global Version 2.0 (CORA2)

Panpan Chen1,2,3(), Liang Zhao1, Zhigang Gao3(), Hongli Fu2,3(), Wenya Yuan2,3, Lingfei Dai2,3, Xinrong Wu2,3, Bo Dan2,3, Cheng Li3   

  1. 1.College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Tianjin 300171, China
    3.National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin 300171, China
  • Received:2026-04-01 Revised:2026-05-26 Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-09-02
  • Contact: Zhigang Gao, Hongli Fu E-mail:2628685509@qq.com;gzg_ocean@163.com;fhlkjj@163.com
  • About author:Chen Panpan, research areas include ocean reanalysis and verification and evaluation of forecast product. E-mail:2628685509@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42476028)

中国海洋再分析全球2.0版(CORA2)是一个由气象场和引潮力共同驱动的全球涡分辨率冰—海耦合再分析产品,提供的海流产品包含大洋环流和潮流。首先,基于含水帆的SVP浮标漂移速度,统计了2019年CORA2 15 m深度日平均海流误差,将其与再分析产品GREP和GLORYS12v1、卫星遥感海流分析产品GLOBCURRENT进行对比,评估各产品对近表层大洋环流的再现能力。结果显示,CORA2和GREP信风带西向流和西风带东向流均比SVP浮标偏弱;虽然各产品流速相对SVP浮标偏低,但高分辨率CORA2和GLORYS12v1的流速偏差比低分辨率GREP和GLOBCURRENT更小,且海流标准差更接近SVP浮标,因此提高再分析分辨率有助于提升海流流速模拟效果,更好刻画海流波动;虽然CORA2海流的均方根误差与相关系数不占优势,但是数值试验结果显示,改进海面高度异常同化方法有利于提升CORA2海流精度。其次,基于地波雷达观测资料,利用误差统计与调和分析方法,评估了2022年CORA2和SMOC逐3小时表层海流,结果显示,在潮流占主导的站位,CORA2潮流与观测十分吻合,且优于SMOC;但是在潮流偏弱的站位,CORA2的潮流过强,导致其误差增大,为CORA2产品使用和升级换代提供依据。

The China Ocean Reanalysis Global Version 2.0 (CORA2) is a global eddy-resolving ice-ocean coupled reanalysis forced by atmospheric fields and tidal forcing, whose currents resolve both large-scale ocean circulation and tidal currents. The two components can be separated using a 24-hour averaging approach, in which the 24-hour averaged ocean currents approximate the large-scale circulations represented in CORA2. First, a statistical error analysis of CORA2 24-hour mean currents at 15 m depth was performed using 2019 drift velocities from SVP drifters with drogues. The results were benchmarked against the reanalysis products GREP and GLORYS12v1, alongside the satellite-derived current dataset GLOBCURRENT, to assess their performance in reproducing near-surface ocean circulation. The results reveal that CORA2 and GREP feature weak zonal westward (eastward) currents within the trade wind belt, alongside strong westward (eastward) currents in the westerly wind belt; GLORYS12v1 displays the inverse pattern. While current magnitudes from all datasets are underestimated relative to SVP drifter observations, this bias is far milder in the high-resolution CORA2 and GLORYS12v1 than in the coarser GREP and GLOBCURRENT. Additionally, their zonal and meridional velocity standard deviations better match the drifter measurements. These findings suggest that finer horizontal resolution improves simulated current magnitudes and better captures strong oceanic current variability. Though CORA2 does not outperform other datasets in terms of Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) and correlation coefficients for zonal and meridional velocity (U/V) components, numerical sensitivity experiments confirm that optimized Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) assimilation schemes can substantially boost the accuracy of CORA2 surface currents.Second, a comparative evaluation of 3-hourly surface currents from CORA2 and SMOC was carried out using error statistics and harmonic analysis, based on 2022 High-Frequency (HF) radar measurements at the LSIYKO, SPUDCN, and NADHL stations. The results show that at stations dominated by strong tidal currents, CORA2 simulated tides agree closely with radar observations, making CORA2 markedly more accurate than SMOC. At stations with weak tidal and residual circulations but prominent Stokes drift, CORA2 considerably overpredicts tidal currents, resulting in elevated overall errors. At locations where tidal and residual currents are comparable in magnitude and both far exceed Stokes drift, CORA2 and SMOC each exhibit unique strengths. The results reveal that CORA2 and GREP feature weak zonal westward (eastward) currents within the trade wind belt, alongside strong westward (eastward) currents in the westerly wind belt.

中图分类号: 

图1 2019年含水帆SVP浮标样本量时空分布
(a)1°×1°网格内样本量;(b)按5°纬度间隔统计的样本量分布;(c)样本量逐日变化。
Fig. 1 Spatial and temporal distributions of sample size of SVP drifters with drogue in 2019
(a) Spatial distribution of sample size within 1°x1° grid bins; (b) Latitudinal distribution of sample size at 5° latitude intervals; (c) Daily variations in sample size.
图2 20221101时获取的SMOC产品流速分布
(a)潮流;(b)斯托克斯流;(c)大洋环流;(d)综合流。
Fig. 2 The speed map at 0100 on January 12022 obtained from SMOC product
(a) Tidal current; (b) Stokes flow; (c) Ocean circulation; (d) Total current.
图3 CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1GLOBCURRENT201915 m深度日平均海流与SVP浮标漂移速度散点图
“Slope”代表斜率,“RMSE”代表均方根误差,“Bias”代表偏差,“Corr.”代表相关系数。
Fig. 3 Scatter plots comparing daily 15 m depth velocity components from CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1and GLOBCURRENT against 2019 SVP drifter observations with drogue
“Slope” denotes slope, “RMSE” denotes root mean square error, “Bias” denotes bias, and “Corr” denotes correlation coefficient.
图4 2019CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1GLOBCURRENT 15 m深度日平均海流相对SVP浮标漂移速度的均方根误差、偏差和空间相关系数时间序列
Fig. 4 Time series of RMSEsbiasesand spatial correlation coefficients for daily 15 m depth velocity components from CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1and GLOBCURRENTcompared to SVP drifter measurements with drogue in 2019
图5 2019CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1GLOBCURRENT 15 m深度日平均海流与SVP浮标漂移速度的U分量和V分量偏差(浮标—产品)的空间分布
Fig. 5 Spatial distributions of the differencesbuoy-productin U and V components between daily mean 15 m depth ocean currents from CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1 and GLOBCURRENT in 2019 and drift velocities of SVP drifters
图6 2019CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1GLOBCURRENT15 m深度海流与SVP浮标漂移速度的UV分量差(浮标—产品)的纬度分布特征
Fig. 6 Latitudinal distributions of U and V component differencesbuoy-productbetween 15 m depth ocean currents from CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1 and GLOBCURRENT and drift velocities of SVP drifters in 2019
图7 基于2019SVP浮标漂移速度的CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1GLOBCURRENT 15 m深度日平均海流的泰勒图
Fig. 7 Taylor diagrams summarizing of CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1and GLOBCURRENT currents against SVP drifters
图8 基于2019SVP浮标漂移速度的CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1GLOBCURRENT15 m深度日平均海流的流速偏差和流向绝对偏差箱线图
(a)流速偏差(产品—浮标;m/s);(b)流向绝对偏差(°)。三角形代表平均值,红线代表中位数。
Fig. 8 Box plots of biases of current speeds and absolute biases of current directions for CORA2GREPGLORYS12v1GLOBCURRENT with respect to SVP drifters in 2019
(a) Bias of current speeds (products minus drifters; m/s);(b) Absolute bias of current directions (°). Triangles represent mean values; Red lines represent median values.
图9 2022LSIYKOSPUDCNNADHL站的雷达观测位置及其对应的有效观测样本量
Fig. 9 Locations and number of valid observations for the LSIYKOSPUDCNand NADHL radar stations in 2022
图10 基于2022SMOC表层海流的LSIYKOSPUDCNNADHL站的大洋环流、潮流和斯托克斯流分别与综合流的流速标准差之比
(a) 大洋环流;(b) 潮流;(c) 斯托克斯流。
Fig. 10 Ratio of velocity standard deviations between circulationtidal currentStokes drift and total current at LSIYKOSPUDCNand NADHL stations obtained from SMOC data in 2022
(a) Circulation; (b) Tidal current; (c) Stokes drift.
表1 2022CORA2SMOC表层海流相对于LSIYKOSPUDCNNADHL站雷达观测的海流UV分量均方根误差和相关系数的平均值和中位数
Table 1 Average and median of RMSEs and correlation coefficients for U and V components of surface currents for CORA2 and SMOC relative to radar observations at LSIYKOSPUDCN and NADHL stations in 2022
图11 基于雷达观测、CORA2SMOC数据获得LSIYKOSPUDCNNADHL站的观测海域中心点的表层海流UV分量的时间序列
“X轴”表示相对2022年1月1日00:00的天数。
Fig. 11 Time series of surface ocean current U and V components at the central points of the observation areas for LSIYKOSPUDCN and NADHL stationsderived from radar observationsCORA2 and SMOC datasets
The X-axis represents the number of days relative to 00:00 on January 1, 2022.
表2 基于图11中的时间序列获得的雷达观测、CORA2SMOCUV分量的M2K1分潮的振幅与相位
Table 2 Amplitudes and phases of the M2 and K1 tidal constituents for zonalUand meridionalVvelocity components derived from the time series of radar observationCORA2 and SMOC datasets in Figure 11
图12 20241~10CORA2GLORYS12v1日平均表层海流相对于OSCAR的均方根误差时间序列
Fig. 12 Time series of RMSEs of daily CORA2 and GLORYS12v1 compared to OSCAR from January to October2024
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