全球海洋再分析产品的研究现状

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.08.0794

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 794 -807. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.08.0794

全球海洋再分析产品的研究现状

王世红 ^1, ³(

), 赵一丁 ¹, 尹训强 ^1, ^2, ³, 乔方利 ^1, ^2, ^3, ^*(

)

1.国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛 266061
2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室,山东青岛 266061
3.海洋环境科学和数值模拟国家海洋局重点实验室,山东青岛 266061

收稿日期:2018-02-12 修回日期:2018-06-15 出版日期:2018-08-10
通讯作者: 乔方利 E-mail:wangshh@fio.org.cn;qiaofl@fio.org.cn
基金资助:
中国科学技术部资助国际合作项目“中—澳海洋工程研究”(编号:2016YFE0101400);国家自然科学基金委员会—山东省人民政府联合资助海洋科学研究中心项目“海洋环境动力学和数值模拟”(编号:U1606405)资助.

Current Status of Global Ocean Reanalysis Datasets

Shihong Wang ^1, ³( ), Yiding Zhao ¹, Xunqiang Yin ^1, ^2, ³, Fangli Qiao ^1, ^2, ^3, ^*( )

1.The First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao 266061, China
2.Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
3.Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, SOA, Qingdao 266061, China

Received:2018-02-12 Revised:2018-06-15 Online:2018-08-10 Published:2018-09-14
Contact: Fangli Qiao E-mail:wangshh@fio.org.cn;qiaofl@fio.org.cn
About author:
First author: Wang Shihong(1989-), female, Juxian County, Shandong Province, Postdoctoral. Research areas include the oceanological dynamic. E-mail:wangshh@fio.org.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China “China-Astralian marine engineering research”(No.2016YFE0101400);the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Provincial Jointly Funded the Marine Science Research Center Project “Ocean dynamics and numerical simulation” (No.U1606405).

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随着海洋观测资料的积累和日益丰富,以及海洋数值模式与数据同化方法的不断发展,利用同化系统将海洋数值模式和历史观测资料结合起来,对重构海洋过去的演变以形成再分析资料的作用和意义越来越显著。再分析产品为人们深入了解多时空尺度的海洋运动和探究海洋在气候变化中的作用提供了不可替代的资料基础。受海洋模式与数据同化方法的发展水平和庞大的计算资源需求等方面的限制,全球海洋再分析产品主要由海洋科技强国制作与发布。就当前国内外一些主要的全球海洋再分析计划及其产品进行分析,对各产品的特点及应用中存在的一些问题进行介绍,最后对全球海洋再分析产品未来的发展趋势进行了展望和讨论。

关键词: 全球海洋再分析产品, 再分析资料比较计划, 资料同化, 数值模拟

With the development of the ocean satellite remote sensing technology, the reanalysis of past oceanic observations using modern data assimilation technique and the restructuring of the long-term and consistent gridded data products have made great progress. Such datasets provide us with the most primary research tools to identify the state and evolution of ocean, and understand the role of ocean in climate change and variability at different spatial-temporal scales. In this paper, the current research status in the global reanalysis datasets including some of international global ocean reanalysis projects and the corresponding reanalyzed products were systematically reviewed. In addition, the present status of the domestic research of ocean reanalysis datasets was briefly introduced. The validation of the reanalysis datasets and some quality problems represented by the reanalyzed products, and the Ocean Reanalyses Intercomparison Project were systematically reviewed. Moreover, the prospects of the studies of oceanic reanalysis in the future were also discussed in this paper.

Key words: Ocean reanalysis datasets, The Ocean Reanalyses Intercomparison Project, Assimilation, Numerical simulation.

中图分类号:

P717

表1 SODA 再分析数据产品

Table 1 SODA ocean reanalysis datasets

版本号	时间段	风场资料	观测数据	产品分辨率
1.2	1948—2003年	NCEP/NCAR	WOD01
1.4.0	1958—2001年	ERA-40	Simulation
1.4.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	WOD01
1.4.3	2000—2005年	QuikSCAT	WOD01
1.4.4	1992—2001年	ERA-40	WOD01
2.0.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	WOD05	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
2.0.3	2002—2005年	QuikSCAT	WOD05
2.0.4	2002—2007年	QuikSCAT	WOD05	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
2.1.0	1958—2007年	ERA-40	WOD05
2.1.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	Reprocessed Levitus
2.1.3	2002—2007年	QuikSCAT	Reprocessed Levitus
2.1.4	1958—2007年	ERA-40	Reprocessed Wijffels
2.1.6	1958—2008年	ERA-40/ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
2.2.0	1890—2003年	CR20v2	Simulation
2.2.2	1890—2007年	CR20v2	WOD09
2.2.4	1871—2010年	CR20v2 Ensemble Mean	WOD09,COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
3.3.0	1980—2015年	MERRA2	Simulation	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.3.1	1980—2015年	MERRA2	WOD09, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.3.2	1980—2016年	MERRA2	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.0	1980—2015年	ERA-Interim	Simulation	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.1	1980—2015年	ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.2	1980—2016年	ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.5.1	1980—2010年	ERA20C	WOD09, COADS, SST
3.6.1	1980—2009年	CORE2	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.7.0	1980—2013年	JRA-55	Simulation
3.7.2	1980—2013年	JRA-55	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均

表1 SODA 再分析数据产品

Table 1 SODA ocean reanalysis datasets

版本号	时间段	风场资料	观测数据	产品分辨率
1.2	1948—2003年	NCEP/NCAR	WOD01
1.4.0	1958—2001年	ERA-40	Simulation
1.4.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	WOD01
1.4.3	2000—2005年	QuikSCAT	WOD01
1.4.4	1992—2001年	ERA-40	WOD01
2.0.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	WOD05	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
2.0.3	2002—2005年	QuikSCAT	WOD05
2.0.4	2002—2007年	QuikSCAT	WOD05	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
2.1.0	1958—2007年	ERA-40	WOD05
2.1.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	Reprocessed Levitus
2.1.3	2002—2007年	QuikSCAT	Reprocessed Levitus
2.1.4	1958—2007年	ERA-40	Reprocessed Wijffels
2.1.6	1958—2008年	ERA-40/ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
2.2.0	1890—2003年	CR20v2	Simulation
2.2.2	1890—2007年	CR20v2	WOD09
2.2.4	1871—2010年	CR20v2 Ensemble Mean	WOD09,COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
3.3.0	1980—2015年	MERRA2	Simulation	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.3.1	1980—2015年	MERRA2	WOD09, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.3.2	1980—2016年	MERRA2	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.0	1980—2015年	ERA-Interim	Simulation	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.1	1980—2015年	ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.2	1980—2016年	ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.5.1	1980—2010年	ERA20C	WOD09, COADS, SST
3.6.1	1980—2009年	CORE2	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.7.0	1980—2013年	JRA-55	Simulation
3.7.2	1980—2013年	JRA-55	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均

表1 SODA 再分析数据产品

Table 1 SODA ocean reanalysis datasets

版本号	时间段	风场资料	观测数据	产品分辨率
1.2	1948—2003年	NCEP/NCAR	WOD01
1.4.0	1958—2001年	ERA-40	Simulation
1.4.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	WOD01
1.4.3	2000—2005年	QuikSCAT	WOD01
1.4.4	1992—2001年	ERA-40	WOD01
2.0.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	WOD05	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
2.0.3	2002—2005年	QuikSCAT	WOD05
2.0.4	2002—2007年	QuikSCAT	WOD05	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
2.1.0	1958—2007年	ERA-40	WOD05
2.1.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	Reprocessed Levitus
2.1.3	2002—2007年	QuikSCAT	Reprocessed Levitus
2.1.4	1958—2007年	ERA-40	Reprocessed Wijffels
2.1.6	1958—2008年	ERA-40/ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
2.2.0	1890—2003年	CR20v2	Simulation
2.2.2	1890—2007年	CR20v2	WOD09
2.2.4	1871—2010年	CR20v2 Ensemble Mean	WOD09,COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
3.3.0	1980—2015年	MERRA2	Simulation	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.3.1	1980—2015年	MERRA2	WOD09, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.3.2	1980—2016年	MERRA2	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.0	1980—2015年	ERA-Interim	Simulation	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.1	1980—2015年	ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.2	1980—2016年	ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.5.1	1980—2010年	ERA20C	WOD09, COADS, SST
3.6.1	1980—2009年	CORE2	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.7.0	1980—2013年	JRA-55	Simulation
3.7.2	1980—2013年	JRA-55	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均

表1 SODA 再分析数据产品

Table 1 SODA ocean reanalysis datasets

版本号	时间段	风场资料	观测数据	产品分辨率
1.2	1948—2003年	NCEP/NCAR	WOD01
1.4.0	1958—2001年	ERA-40	Simulation
1.4.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	WOD01
1.4.3	2000—2005年	QuikSCAT	WOD01
1.4.4	1992—2001年	ERA-40	WOD01
2.0.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	WOD05	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
2.0.3	2002—2005年	QuikSCAT	WOD05
2.0.4	2002—2007年	QuikSCAT	WOD05	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
2.1.0	1958—2007年	ERA-40	WOD05
2.1.2	1958—2001年	ERA-40	Reprocessed Levitus
2.1.3	2002—2007年	QuikSCAT	Reprocessed Levitus
2.1.4	1958—2007年	ERA-40	Reprocessed Wijffels
2.1.6	1958—2008年	ERA-40/ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
2.2.0	1890—2003年	CR20v2	Simulation
2.2.2	1890—2007年	CR20v2	WOD09
2.2.4	1871—2010年	CR20v2 Ensemble Mean	WOD09,COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 月平均
3.3.0	1980—2015年	MERRA2	Simulation	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.3.1	1980—2015年	MERRA2	WOD09, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.3.2	1980—2016年	MERRA2	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.0	1980—2015年	ERA-Interim	Simulation	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.1	1980—2015年	ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.4.2	1980—2016年	ERA-Interim	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.5.1	1980—2010年	ERA20C	WOD09, COADS, SST
3.6.1	1980—2009年	CORE2	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均
3.7.0	1980—2013年	JRA-55	Simulation
3.7.2	1980—2013年	JRA-55	WOD09, COADS, SST	0.5°×0.5° 5天平均/月平均

表2 ECCO-V4-R3同化所用观测资料及其时段 ^{[

32
]}

Table 2 Chronology of types of observations assimilated in ECCO-V4-R3 ^{[

32
]}

变量	观测数据类型
Sea level	TOPEX/Poseidon (1993-2005), Jason-1 (2002-2008), Jason-2 (2008-2015), Geosat-Follow-On(2001-2007),CryoSat-2(2011-2015),ERS-1/2 (1992-2001), ENVISAT (2002-2012), SARAL/AltiKa (2013-2015)
Temperature profiles	Argo floats (1995-2015), XBTs (1992-2008), CTDs (1992-2011), Southern Elephant seals as Oceanographic Samplers (SEaOS,2004-2010), Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITP, 2004-2011)
Salinity profiles	Argo floats (1997-2015), CTDs (1992-2011), SEaOS (2004-2010)
Sea surface temperature	AVHRR (1992-2013), AMSR-E (2002-2010)
Sea surface salinity	Aquarius (2011-2013)
Sea-ice concentration	SSM/I DMSP-F11 (1992-2000) and -F13 (1995-2009) and SSMIS DMSP-F17 (2006-2015)
Ocean bottom pressure	GRACE (2002-2014)
TS climatology	World Ocean Atlas 2009
Mean dynamic topography	DTU13 (1992-2012)

表2 ECCO-V4-R3同化所用观测资料及其时段 ^{[

32
]}

Table 2 Chronology of types of observations assimilated in ECCO-V4-R3 ^{[

32
]}

变量	观测数据类型
Sea level	TOPEX/Poseidon (1993-2005), Jason-1 (2002-2008), Jason-2 (2008-2015), Geosat-Follow-On(2001-2007),CryoSat-2(2011-2015),ERS-1/2 (1992-2001), ENVISAT (2002-2012), SARAL/AltiKa (2013-2015)
Temperature profiles	Argo floats (1995-2015), XBTs (1992-2008), CTDs (1992-2011), Southern Elephant seals as Oceanographic Samplers (SEaOS,2004-2010), Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITP, 2004-2011)
Salinity profiles	Argo floats (1997-2015), CTDs (1992-2011), SEaOS (2004-2010)
Sea surface temperature	AVHRR (1992-2013), AMSR-E (2002-2010)
Sea surface salinity	Aquarius (2011-2013)
Sea-ice concentration	SSM/I DMSP-F11 (1992-2000) and -F13 (1995-2009) and SSMIS DMSP-F17 (2006-2015)
Ocean bottom pressure	GRACE (2002-2014)
TS climatology	World Ocean Atlas 2009
Mean dynamic topography	DTU13 (1992-2012)

表2 ECCO-V4-R3同化所用观测资料及其时段 ^{[

32
]}

Table 2 Chronology of types of observations assimilated in ECCO-V4-R3 ^{[

32
]}

变量	观测数据类型
Sea level	TOPEX/Poseidon (1993-2005), Jason-1 (2002-2008), Jason-2 (2008-2015), Geosat-Follow-On(2001-2007),CryoSat-2(2011-2015),ERS-1/2 (1992-2001), ENVISAT (2002-2012), SARAL/AltiKa (2013-2015)
Temperature profiles	Argo floats (1995-2015), XBTs (1992-2008), CTDs (1992-2011), Southern Elephant seals as Oceanographic Samplers (SEaOS,2004-2010), Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITP, 2004-2011)
Salinity profiles	Argo floats (1997-2015), CTDs (1992-2011), SEaOS (2004-2010)
Sea surface temperature	AVHRR (1992-2013), AMSR-E (2002-2010)
Sea surface salinity	Aquarius (2011-2013)
Sea-ice concentration	SSM/I DMSP-F11 (1992-2000) and -F13 (1995-2009) and SSMIS DMSP-F17 (2006-2015)
Ocean bottom pressure	GRACE (2002-2014)
TS climatology	World Ocean Atlas 2009
Mean dynamic topography	DTU13 (1992-2012)

表2 ECCO-V4-R3同化所用观测资料及其时段 ^{[

32
]}

Table 2 Chronology of types of observations assimilated in ECCO-V4-R3 ^{[

32
]}

变量	观测数据类型
Sea level	TOPEX/Poseidon (1993-2005), Jason-1 (2002-2008), Jason-2 (2008-2015), Geosat-Follow-On(2001-2007),CryoSat-2(2011-2015),ERS-1/2 (1992-2001), ENVISAT (2002-2012), SARAL/AltiKa (2013-2015)
Temperature profiles	Argo floats (1995-2015), XBTs (1992-2008), CTDs (1992-2011), Southern Elephant seals as Oceanographic Samplers (SEaOS,2004-2010), Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITP, 2004-2011)
Salinity profiles	Argo floats (1997-2015), CTDs (1992-2011), SEaOS (2004-2010)
Sea surface temperature	AVHRR (1992-2013), AMSR-E (2002-2010)
Sea surface salinity	Aquarius (2011-2013)
Sea-ice concentration	SSM/I DMSP-F11 (1992-2000) and -F13 (1995-2009) and SSMIS DMSP-F17 (2006-2015)
Ocean bottom pressure	GRACE (2002-2014)
TS climatology	World Ocean Atlas 2009
Mean dynamic topography	DTU13 (1992-2012)

表3 ECCO 系列全球海洋再分析数据

Table 3 Global ocean reanalysis datasets based on MITgcm model

产品	机构	时间段	水平分辨率	层数	参考文献
ECCO-V4-R3	MIT/AER/JPL	1992—2015年	1°	50	[31]
ECCO2	JPL	1992年至今	1°	50	[29]
GECCO	UH	1950—2000年	1°	23	[33]
GECCO2	UH	1948—2014年	1°	50	[34]
ECCO-JPL	JPL	1993年至今	1°	46	[35]
ECCO-GODAS-V4	MIT	1993—2004年	1°	23	[36]
ECCO-SIO	UH	1992—2002年	1°	23	[37]

表3 ECCO 系列全球海洋再分析数据

Table 3 Global ocean reanalysis datasets based on MITgcm model

产品	机构	时间段	水平分辨率	层数	参考文献
ECCO-V4-R3	MIT/AER/JPL	1992—2015年	1°	50	[31]
ECCO2	JPL	1992年至今	1°	50	[29]
GECCO	UH	1950—2000年	1°	23	[33]
GECCO2	UH	1948—2014年	1°	50	[34]
ECCO-JPL	JPL	1993年至今	1°	46	[35]
ECCO-GODAS-V4	MIT	1993—2004年	1°	23	[36]
ECCO-SIO	UH	1992—2002年	1°	23	[37]

表3 ECCO 系列全球海洋再分析数据

Table 3 Global ocean reanalysis datasets based on MITgcm model

产品	机构	时间段	水平分辨率	层数	参考文献
ECCO-V4-R3	MIT/AER/JPL	1992—2015年	1°	50	[31]
ECCO2	JPL	1992年至今	1°	50	[29]
GECCO	UH	1950—2000年	1°	23	[33]
GECCO2	UH	1948—2014年	1°	50	[34]
ECCO-JPL	JPL	1993年至今	1°	46	[35]
ECCO-GODAS-V4	MIT	1993—2004年	1°	23	[36]
ECCO-SIO	UH	1992—2002年	1°	23	[37]

表3 ECCO 系列全球海洋再分析数据

Table 3 Global ocean reanalysis datasets based on MITgcm model

产品	机构	时间段	水平分辨率	层数	参考文献
ECCO-V4-R3	MIT/AER/JPL	1992—2015年	1°	50	[31]
ECCO2	JPL	1992年至今	1°	50	[29]
GECCO	UH	1950—2000年	1°	23	[33]
GECCO2	UH	1948—2014年	1°	50	[34]
ECCO-JPL	JPL	1993年至今	1°	46	[35]
ECCO-GODAS-V4	MIT	1993—2004年	1°	23	[36]
ECCO-SIO	UH	1992—2002年	1°	23	[37]

图1 ORA-S3同化的观测资料及其强迫场年表 ^{[

41
]}

Fig.1 Timeline of changes to the reanalysis forcing and assimilation datasets for ORA-S3 ^{[

41
]}

图1 ORA-S3同化的观测资料及其强迫场年表 ^{[

41
]}

Fig.1 Timeline of changes to the reanalysis forcing and assimilation datasets for ORA-S3 ^{[

41
]}

图2 ORA-S4同化的观测资料及其强迫场年表 ^{[

42
]}

Fig.2 Timeline of changes to the reanalysis forcing and assimilation datasets for ORA-S4 ^{[

42
]}

图2 ORA-S4同化的观测资料及其强迫场年表 ^{[

42
]}

Fig.2 Timeline of changes to the reanalysis forcing and assimilation datasets for ORA-S4 ^{[

42
]}

表4 ORA-IP计划中模式再分析数据集

Table 4 List of Ocean Reanalysis products entering the inter-comparison

产品及机构	强迫场	模式及分辨率	同化方案及变量	参考文献
CFSR NOAA NCEP	Coupled DA	1/2° MOM4 coupled	3DVAR (T/SST/SIC)	[70]
C-GLORS05V3 CMCC	ERAicorr+ Bulk	1/2° NEMO3.2	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[71]
ECCO-NRT JPL/NASA	NCEP-R1+ CORE Bulk	1° MITgcm	KF-FS (SLA/T)	[35]
ECCO-v4 MIT/AER/JPL	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1° MITgcm	4DVAR (SLA/SSH/T/S/SST)	[31]
GECCO2 UH	NCEP-R1+Bulk	1°×1/3° MITgcm	4DVAR (SLA/T/S/MDT/SST)	[34]
ECDA GFDL/NOAA	Coupled DA	1/3° MOM4 coupled	EnKF (T/S/SST)	[72,73]
GloSea5 UK MetOffice	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.2	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[74]
MERRA Ocean GSFC/NASA/GMAO	Merra + Bulk	1/2° MOM4	EnOI (SLA/T/S/SST/ SIC)
GODAS NOAA NCEP	NCEP-R2 Flux	1°×1/3° MOM3	3DVAR (SST/T)
GLORYS2V1(G2V1) Mercator Océan	ERAicorr+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.1	KF+3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[44]
GLORYS2V3(G2V3) Mercator Océan	ERAicorr+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.1	KF+3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[45]
K7-ODA(ESTOC) JAMSTEC/RCGC	NCEP-R1 corr. Flux	1° MOM3	4DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[51]
K7-CDA JAMSTEC/CEIST	Coupled DA	1° MOM3 coupled	4DVAR (SLA/SST)	[23]
PEODAS CAWCR(BoM)	ERA40 to 2002; NCEP-R2 thereafter. Flux	1°×2° MOM2	EnKF (T/S/SST)	[75]
ORAS4 ECMWF	ERA40 to 1988; ERAi thereafter. Flux.	1° NEMO3	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[42]
MOVE-C MRI/JMA	Coupled DA	1° MRI.COM2 coupled	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[76]
MOVE-G2 MRI/JMA	JRA-55 corr+ Bulk	0.5°×1° MRI.COM3	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[77]
MOVE-CORE MRI/JMA	CORE.2 Bulk	0.5°×1° MRI.COM3	3DVAR (T/S)	[78,79]
SODA U. of Maryland and TAMU	ERA40 to 2002; ERAi thereafter. Bulk	1/4° POP2.1	OI (T/S/SST)	[59]
UR025.4 U. of Reading	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.2	OI (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[80]

表4 ORA-IP计划中模式再分析数据集

Table 4 List of Ocean Reanalysis products entering the inter-comparison

产品及机构	强迫场	模式及分辨率	同化方案及变量	参考文献
CFSR NOAA NCEP	Coupled DA	1/2° MOM4 coupled	3DVAR (T/SST/SIC)	[70]
C-GLORS05V3 CMCC	ERAicorr+ Bulk	1/2° NEMO3.2	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[71]
ECCO-NRT JPL/NASA	NCEP-R1+ CORE Bulk	1° MITgcm	KF-FS (SLA/T)	[35]
ECCO-v4 MIT/AER/JPL	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1° MITgcm	4DVAR (SLA/SSH/T/S/SST)	[31]
GECCO2 UH	NCEP-R1+Bulk	1°×1/3° MITgcm	4DVAR (SLA/T/S/MDT/SST)	[34]
ECDA GFDL/NOAA	Coupled DA	1/3° MOM4 coupled	EnKF (T/S/SST)	[72,73]
GloSea5 UK MetOffice	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.2	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[74]
MERRA Ocean GSFC/NASA/GMAO	Merra + Bulk	1/2° MOM4	EnOI (SLA/T/S/SST/ SIC)
GODAS NOAA NCEP	NCEP-R2 Flux	1°×1/3° MOM3	3DVAR (SST/T)
GLORYS2V1(G2V1) Mercator Océan	ERAicorr+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.1	KF+3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[44]
GLORYS2V3(G2V3) Mercator Océan	ERAicorr+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.1	KF+3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[45]
K7-ODA(ESTOC) JAMSTEC/RCGC	NCEP-R1 corr. Flux	1° MOM3	4DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[51]
K7-CDA JAMSTEC/CEIST	Coupled DA	1° MOM3 coupled	4DVAR (SLA/SST)	[23]
PEODAS CAWCR(BoM)	ERA40 to 2002; NCEP-R2 thereafter. Flux	1°×2° MOM2	EnKF (T/S/SST)	[75]
ORAS4 ECMWF	ERA40 to 1988; ERAi thereafter. Flux.	1° NEMO3	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[42]
MOVE-C MRI/JMA	Coupled DA	1° MRI.COM2 coupled	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[76]
MOVE-G2 MRI/JMA	JRA-55 corr+ Bulk	0.5°×1° MRI.COM3	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[77]
MOVE-CORE MRI/JMA	CORE.2 Bulk	0.5°×1° MRI.COM3	3DVAR (T/S)	[78,79]
SODA U. of Maryland and TAMU	ERA40 to 2002; ERAi thereafter. Bulk	1/4° POP2.1	OI (T/S/SST)	[59]
UR025.4 U. of Reading	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.2	OI (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[80]

表4 ORA-IP计划中模式再分析数据集

Table 4 List of Ocean Reanalysis products entering the inter-comparison

产品及机构	强迫场	模式及分辨率	同化方案及变量	参考文献
CFSR NOAA NCEP	Coupled DA	1/2° MOM4 coupled	3DVAR (T/SST/SIC)	[70]
C-GLORS05V3 CMCC	ERAicorr+ Bulk	1/2° NEMO3.2	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[71]
ECCO-NRT JPL/NASA	NCEP-R1+ CORE Bulk	1° MITgcm	KF-FS (SLA/T)	[35]
ECCO-v4 MIT/AER/JPL	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1° MITgcm	4DVAR (SLA/SSH/T/S/SST)	[31]
GECCO2 UH	NCEP-R1+Bulk	1°×1/3° MITgcm	4DVAR (SLA/T/S/MDT/SST)	[34]
ECDA GFDL/NOAA	Coupled DA	1/3° MOM4 coupled	EnKF (T/S/SST)	[72,73]
GloSea5 UK MetOffice	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.2	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[74]
MERRA Ocean GSFC/NASA/GMAO	Merra + Bulk	1/2° MOM4	EnOI (SLA/T/S/SST/ SIC)
GODAS NOAA NCEP	NCEP-R2 Flux	1°×1/3° MOM3	3DVAR (SST/T)
GLORYS2V1(G2V1) Mercator Océan	ERAicorr+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.1	KF+3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[44]
GLORYS2V3(G2V3) Mercator Océan	ERAicorr+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.1	KF+3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[45]
K7-ODA(ESTOC) JAMSTEC/RCGC	NCEP-R1 corr. Flux	1° MOM3	4DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[51]
K7-CDA JAMSTEC/CEIST	Coupled DA	1° MOM3 coupled	4DVAR (SLA/SST)	[23]
PEODAS CAWCR(BoM)	ERA40 to 2002; NCEP-R2 thereafter. Flux	1°×2° MOM2	EnKF (T/S/SST)	[75]
ORAS4 ECMWF	ERA40 to 1988; ERAi thereafter. Flux.	1° NEMO3	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[42]
MOVE-C MRI/JMA	Coupled DA	1° MRI.COM2 coupled	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[76]
MOVE-G2 MRI/JMA	JRA-55 corr+ Bulk	0.5°×1° MRI.COM3	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[77]
MOVE-CORE MRI/JMA	CORE.2 Bulk	0.5°×1° MRI.COM3	3DVAR (T/S)	[78,79]
SODA U. of Maryland and TAMU	ERA40 to 2002; ERAi thereafter. Bulk	1/4° POP2.1	OI (T/S/SST)	[59]
UR025.4 U. of Reading	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.2	OI (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[80]

表4 ORA-IP计划中模式再分析数据集

Table 4 List of Ocean Reanalysis products entering the inter-comparison

产品及机构	强迫场	模式及分辨率	同化方案及变量	参考文献
CFSR NOAA NCEP	Coupled DA	1/2° MOM4 coupled	3DVAR (T/SST/SIC)	[70]
C-GLORS05V3 CMCC	ERAicorr+ Bulk	1/2° NEMO3.2	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[71]
ECCO-NRT JPL/NASA	NCEP-R1+ CORE Bulk	1° MITgcm	KF-FS (SLA/T)	[35]
ECCO-v4 MIT/AER/JPL	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1° MITgcm	4DVAR (SLA/SSH/T/S/SST)	[31]
GECCO2 UH	NCEP-R1+Bulk	1°×1/3° MITgcm	4DVAR (SLA/T/S/MDT/SST)	[34]
ECDA GFDL/NOAA	Coupled DA	1/3° MOM4 coupled	EnKF (T/S/SST)	[72,73]
GloSea5 UK MetOffice	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.2	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[74]
MERRA Ocean GSFC/NASA/GMAO	Merra + Bulk	1/2° MOM4	EnOI (SLA/T/S/SST/ SIC)
GODAS NOAA NCEP	NCEP-R2 Flux	1°×1/3° MOM3	3DVAR (SST/T)
GLORYS2V1(G2V1) Mercator Océan	ERAicorr+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.1	KF+3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[44]
GLORYS2V3(G2V3) Mercator Océan	ERAicorr+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.1	KF+3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[45]
K7-ODA(ESTOC) JAMSTEC/RCGC	NCEP-R1 corr. Flux	1° MOM3	4DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[51]
K7-CDA JAMSTEC/CEIST	Coupled DA	1° MOM3 coupled	4DVAR (SLA/SST)	[23]
PEODAS CAWCR(BoM)	ERA40 to 2002; NCEP-R2 thereafter. Flux	1°×2° MOM2	EnKF (T/S/SST)	[75]
ORAS4 ECMWF	ERA40 to 1988; ERAi thereafter. Flux.	1° NEMO3	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[42]
MOVE-C MRI/JMA	Coupled DA	1° MRI.COM2 coupled	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[76]
MOVE-G2 MRI/JMA	JRA-55 corr+ Bulk	0.5°×1° MRI.COM3	3DVAR (SLA/T/S/SST)	[77]
MOVE-CORE MRI/JMA	CORE.2 Bulk	0.5°×1° MRI.COM3	3DVAR (T/S)	[78,79]
SODA U. of Maryland and TAMU	ERA40 to 2002; ERAi thereafter. Bulk	1/4° POP2.1	OI (T/S/SST)	[59]
UR025.4 U. of Reading	ERAi+CORE Bulk	1/4° NEMO3.2	OI (SLA/T/S/SST/SIC)	[80]

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