地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 331 -349. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.036

综述与评述    下一篇

大气边界层数值模拟研究与未来展望
王蓉 1, 2( ),张强 1, 3( ),岳平 4,黄倩 1   
  1. 1.兰州大学大气科学学院半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.甘肃省人工影响 天气办公室, 甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.甘肃省气象局, 甘肃 兰州 730020
    4.中国气象局兰州干旱 气象研究所, 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-20 修回日期:2020-03-25 出版日期:2020-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 张强 E-mail:zhangqiang@cma.gov.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“我国夏季风影响过渡区陆—气相互作用及其对夏季风响应研究”(41630426);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“半干旱区边界层顶的界面交换过程及其对边界层发展的影响”(41905011)

Summary and Prospects of Numerical Simulation Research of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Rong Wang 1, 2( ),Qiang Zhang 1, 3( ),Ping Yue 4,Qian Huang 1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2.Gansu Weather Modification Office, Lanzhou 730020, China
    3.Gansu Meteorological Bureau, Lanzhou 730020, China
    4.Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2020-02-20 Revised:2020-03-25 Online:2020-04-10 Published:2020-05-08
  • Contact: Qiang Zhang E-mail:zhangqiang@cma.gov.cn
  • About author:Wang Rong (1989-), female, Dingxi County, Gansu Province, Ph.D student. Research areas include numerical simulation of atmospheric boundary layer. E-mail: 13679418316@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Study on interaction between land-atmosphere over Typical Summer Monsoon Edgy region and its response to summer monsoon characteristics"(41630426);"Study on the interface exchange at the top of boundary layer and its impacts on the boundary layer development in semi-arid region"(41905011)
全文 ( 238 ) 下载PDF ( 1619 )

大气边界层作为连接下垫面和自由大气的重要桥梁，不仅影响局地的各种天气过程的发展和演变，而且在区域和全球的天气和气候变化中也扮演着关键角色。鉴于大气边界层自身的复杂性，对其数值模拟一直以来都是大气数值模拟研究中的热点和难点。通过归纳近几十年来大气边界层数值模式发展经历的3个阶段，梳理了干旱半干旱区、青藏高原地区和城市复杂下垫面3个陆地气候关键区边界层过程，以及海洋上特殊的台风边界层数值模拟研究取得的重要进展；总结出当前大气边界层数值模拟研究所面临的5个亟待解决的关键科学问题：云与边界层相互作用、边界层参数化、模式分辨率、边界层资料同化以及边界层发展机制。并明确了该领域未来需要在加强不同类型大气边界层过程的认识、边界层底和顶界面交换过程的理解、特殊地区边界层发展机制的解释、边界层参数化方案的改进、大涡模拟在边界层模拟中优势的充分发挥等5个方面开展重点研究，以期能为今后更系统地开展大气边界层数值模拟及相关研究提供参考依据。

关键词: 大气边界层, 数值模拟, 边界层湍流

As an important bridge between the underlying surface and the free atmosphere, the atmospheric boundary layer is not only closely related to the development of various weather processes, but also plays a key role in local and regional weather and climate changes. In view of the complexity of the atmospheric boundary layer, the numerical simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer has always been a hotspot and difficulty in the numerical simulation research of the atmosphere. In this paper, the three numerical model development stages of the atmospheric boundary layer in recent decades were summarized and the important advances in arid and semi-arid areas, Tibet Plateau, urban complex underlying surface, and special typhoon boundary layer were reviewed. At present, there are still five scientific problems to be solved urgently, including cloud and boundary layer interaction, boundary layer parameterization, model resolution, boundary layer data assimilation and boundary layer development mechanism. Moreover, it was pointed out that in this field we need to strengthen the understanding of different types of atmospheric boundary layer processes, boundary layer bottom and top interface exchange, boundary layer development mechanism in special regions, improve boundary layer parameterization scheme and give full play to the advantages of LES in boundary layer simulation.

Key words: Atmospheric boundary layer, Numerical simulation, Boundary layer turbulence

中图分类号: 

图1 近几十年来大气边界层数值模式发展的3个阶段
Fig.1 Three stages of numerical model development of the atmospheric boundary layer in recent decades
表1 目前使用较广泛的几种模拟边界层的模式
Table 1 Several widely used models for simulating boundary layers
模式名称 开发单位 模式框架 水平分辨率 边界层湍流参数化 应用范围
MM5 美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学／国家大气研究中心(PSU／NCAR) 非静力移动套网格格点模式 5~50 km

无PBL通量、总体PBL、

高分辨Blackadar PBL、Bark-Thompson PBL以及MRF PBL等方案

 可模拟台风、风暴潮、海流、海浪等；MM5V3可用于热力大气边界层物理过程的模拟
RAMS 美国科罗拉多州立大学(CSU) 非静力格点模式 几米至几千米 以相似理论为基础的Deardorff方案和Yamada方案等 可用于对流云、中尺度对流系统及行星边界层涡的模拟
ARPS 美国俄克拉何马大学(UO) 曲线坐标格点模式 几百米至几千米 Smagorinsky方案、基于1.5阶TKE的方案和Germano方案等 时空尺度较小的中小尺度天气系统和风暴等
WRF 美国多个研究部门(NCAR，NCEP，大学和其他业务部门） 非静力格点模式 1~10 km YSU方案、MYJ方案、ARF方案、ACM方案等 小尺度到全球尺度的天气过程及气候模拟
LEM 英国气象局 非静力格点模式 几米至几百米 一阶湍流闭合（小尺度湍流） 可以模拟平坦下垫面上的湍流尺度和云尺度的问题
BLASIUS 英国气象局 非静力格点模式 几十米至1 km 一阶闭合湍流方案和一阶半湍流闭合方案 可用于平坦或山地上空的气流运动的模拟
图2 青藏高原上空深厚大气边界层（a,冬季）和浅薄大气边界层（b,夏季）示意图[ 38 ]
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of deep atmospheric boundary layer (a, winter) and shallow atmospheric boundary layer (b, summer) over the Tibetan Plateau[ 38 ]
图3 边界层发展影响机制示意图
Zi和 Z分别为对流边界层发展高度和位势高度， Zi/ Z=1.0表示对流边界层顶高度
Fig.3 Schematic diagram of influence mechanism of boundary layer development
Zi and Z are the development height and potential height of convective boundary layer respectively, Zi/ Z=1.0 is the top height of convective boundary layer
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