地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 328 -341. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.024

研究论文 上一篇    

气候变化下中国落叶阔叶林的叶片适应策略
张芸迪(), 王芳怡, 付鑫悦(), 潘怡萱, 陈修治()   
  1. 中山大学 大气科学学院,南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东 珠海 519082
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-14 修回日期:2026-02-11 出版日期:2026-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 付鑫悦,陈修治 E-mail:zhangyd071@163.com;ximo20030327@163.com;henxzh73@mail.sysu.edu.cn;chenxzh73@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF1306600);广东省科技计划项目(2024B1212070012)

Leaf Adaptation Strategies in Chinese Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forests Under Climate Change

Yundi Zhang(), Fangyi Wang, Xinyue Fu(), Yixuan Pan, Xiuzhi Chen()   

  1. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), Zhuhai Guangdong 519082, China
  • Received:2025-09-14 Revised:2026-02-11 Online:2026-03-10 Published:2026-05-06
  • Contact: Xinyue Fu, Xiuzhi Chen E-mail:zhangyd071@163.com;ximo20030327@163.com;henxzh73@mail.sysu.edu.cn;chenxzh73@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • About author:Zhang Yundi, research areas include climate change and vegetation remote sensing. E-mail: zhangyd071@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program(2024YFF1306600);The Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(2024B1212070012)

在全球变暖与大气CO2浓度升高背景下,植被叶面积增加与生长季延长共同驱动植被显著“变绿”趋势,然而二者究竟呈权衡关系还是协同变化,目前尚不明确。利用多源遥感数据,分析了2003—2020年中国落叶阔叶林最大叶面积指数和生长季长度的变化规律。结果表明:①叶面积增加和生长季延长为负相关关系,东北地区落叶阔叶林叶面积增加较少而生长季延长更多;北方过渡区相反,两种策略存在权衡机制。②这种权衡关系可由树高差异解释:矮树基底叶面积小、叶面积与边材面积比高,在CO2的施肥效应影响下倾向于增加叶面积;高树基底叶面积大、叶面积与边材面积比较低,受地表温度影响而更依赖于延长生长季。③生态系统光能利用效率随树高增加而降低,获取型策略的矮树通过增加叶面积提升光合作用速率,而保守型策略的高树选择延长叶片生长季但降低光能利用效率。研究为理解气候变化背景下中国地区落叶阔叶林的叶片适应策略提供了新见解,并拓展了对生态系统功能潜在影响的认识。

Under the context of global warming and rising atmospheric CO2 levels, increases in vegetation leaf area and longer growing seasons both contribute to a clear greening trend. However, whether these two factors show a trade-off or work together remains unclear. In this study, we used multi-source remote sensing data to analyze the patterns of maximum Leaf Area Index (LAImax) and Length of growing Season (LOS) in Deciduous Broad-leaved Forests (DBF) across China from 2003 to 2020. The results indicated that: An increase in leaf area is negatively correlated with the extension of the growing season. In Northeast China, deciduous broadleaf forests show relatively small increases in leaf area but more significant extensions of the growing season. Conversely, in the northern transitional zone, the opposite pattern is observed, suggesting a trade-off between these two strategies. Tree height plays an important role in explaining this trade-off. In the northern transitional zone, where dwarf trees dominate, forests tend to adopt a strategy of increasing leaf area with only small changes in growing season length. By contrast, in Northeast China, where tall trees are more common, forests are more likely to extend the growing season while showing limited leaf area change. This spatial difference reflects the contrasting physiological adaptations of trees with different heights. These contrasting strategies are jointly shaped by climate factors and vegetation traits. Rising atmospheric CO2 is more likely to promote leaf area increase in dwarf trees, whereas higher surface temperature has a stronger effect on growing season extension in tall trees. In addition, dwarf trees generally have lower initial leaf area and a higher leaf-to-sapwood area ratio, which favors leaf area increase, while tall trees tend to extend the growing season because of their larger basal leaf area and lower leaf-to-sapwood ratio. The two strategies have different ecosystem consequences. Dwarf trees can enhance photosynthesis and ecosystem productivity by increasing leaf area. In contrast, tall trees mainly adapt by extending the growing season, but their lower photosynthetic efficiency may reduce ecosystem productivity.This expansion provides additional context to the ecological dynamics, emphasizing how specific strategies driven by tree height and climate factors interact to shape vegetation function across regions.

中图分类号: 

表1 研究落叶阔叶林叶片适应策略的权衡关系所用的卫星数据集及其属性信息
Table 1 Satellite datasets and associated attributes for investigating trade-offs in leaf adaptation strategies in deciduous broad-leaved forests
图1 中国落叶阔叶林分布图
Fig. 1 Distribution of deciduous broad-leaved forests in China
图2 20032020年中国落叶阔叶林最大叶面积指数变化(ΔLAImax )和生长季长度变化(ΔLOS)的空间格局
(a)ΔLAImax的空间分布图;(b)ΔLOS空间分布图。
Fig. 2 Spatial patterns of ΔLAImax and ΔLOS in China’s deciduous broad-leaved forests from 2003 to 2020
(a) Spatial distribution of ΔLAImax;(b) Spatial distribution of ΔLOS.
图3 20032020年中国落叶阔叶林最大叶面积指数变化(ΔLAImax )和生长季长度变化(ΔLOS)之间的相关关系
(a)北方过渡区与东北地区LAImax的分布情况;(b)北方过渡区与东北地区LOS的分布情况;(c)LAImaxLOS的负相关关系。
Fig. 3 The relationship between ΔLAImax and ΔLOS in China’s deciduous broad-leaved forests from 2003 to 2020
(a) Distribution of LAImax in Northern Transition Zone and Northeast China; (b) Distribution of LOS in Northern Transition Zone and Northeast China;(c) Negative correlation between LAImax and LOS.
图4 中国落叶阔叶林的树高分布情况
(a)树高空间分布图;(b)北方过渡区与东北地区的树高情况。
Fig. 4 Tree height distribution of deciduous broad-leaved forests in China
(a) Tree height spatial distribution map; (b) Tree height distribution in the Northern Transition Zone and Northeast China.
图5 不同树高最大叶面积指数(LAImax )和生长季长度(LOS)随时间的变化
Fig. 5 Changes in LAImax and LOS over time for different tree heights
图6 中国落叶阔叶林树高与最大叶面积指数变化(ΔLAImax )和生长季长度变化(ΔLOS)的关系
Fig. 6 Tree height in relation to ΔLAImax andΔLOS in China’s deciduous broad-leaved forests
表2 气候变量驱动下中国落叶阔叶林的结构方程模型结果
Table 2 Structural equation modeling results for Chinese deciduous broad-leaves forests driven by climatic variables
图7 气候变量驱动下北方过渡区矮树与东北高树的结构方程模型图
红线和蓝线分别表示正相关和负相关;线上的数字表示相应的路径系数(Rpc );***表示通过99.9%的显著性检验。
Fig. 7 Structural equation modeling of dwarf trees in the northern transition zone and tall trees in northeast China driven by climatic variables
The red and blue lines represent positive and negative correlations, respectively. The numbers on the lines represent the corresponding path coefficients (Rpc), *** indicates significance at the 99.9% level.
图8 不同树高范围下最大叶面积指数(LAImax )和叶面积与边材面积比(Aleaf/Asapwood)的分布
Fig. 8 Distribution of LAImax and Aleaf/Asapwood for different tree height ranges
图9 光能利用效率变化(ΔLUE)、植被总初级生产力变化(ΔGPP)、吸收光合有效辐射比例变化(ΔfAPAR)与光合有效辐射变化(ΔPAR)的分布情况
(a)ΔLUE的空间分布图;(b)北方过渡区与东北地区ΔLUE的分布情况;(c)ΔGPP的空间分布图;(d)北方过渡区与东北地区ΔGPP的分布情况;(e)ΔfAPAR的空间分布图;(f)北方过渡区与东北地区ΔfAPAR的分布情况;(g)ΔPAR的空间分布图;(h)北方过渡区与东北地区ΔPAR的分布情况。
Fig. 9 Distribution of changes in light energy use efficiency ΔLUEchanges in total primary productivity of vegetation ΔGPPchanges in the proportion of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation ΔfAPARand changes in photosynthetically active radiation ΔPAR
(a) Spatial distribution of ΔLUE; (b) Distribution of ΔLUE in northern transition zone and northeast China; (c) Spatial distribution of ΔGPP;(d) Distribution of ΔGPP in northern transition zone and northeast China; (e) Spatial distribution of fAPAR; (f) Distribution of ΔfAPAR in northern transition zone and northeast China; (g) Spatial distribution of ΔPAR; (h) Distribution of ΔPAR in northern transition zone and northeast China.
图10 树高与光能利用效率变化(ΔLUE)的关系以及两种叶片适应策略对ΔLUE的调控作用
(a)树高与ΔLUE的关系;(b)两种叶片适应策略对ΔLUE的调控作用。ΔLUE为光能利用效率变化;ΔLAImax为最大叶面积指数变化;ΔLOS为生长季长度变化;*表示通过99.9%的显著性检验。
Fig. 10 Relationship between tree height and changes in ΔLUEand regulation of ΔLUEby two leaf adaptation strategies
(a) Relationship between tree height and changes in ΔLUE; (b) Regulation of ΔLUE by two leaf adaptation strategies. ΔLUE denotes the change in light use efficiency; ΔLAImax denotes the change in maximum leaf area index; ΔLOS denotes the change in length of the growing season; * indicates significance at the 99.9% level.
图11 20032020年中国落叶阔叶林最大叶面积指数变化(ΔLAImax )和生长季长度变化(ΔLOS)的关系(像元基于随机时间间隔)
(a)ΔLAImax的空间分布图;(b)ΔLOS的空间分布图;(c)ΔLAImaxΔLOS之间的负相关关系。
Fig.11 The relationship betweenΔLAImax andΔLOSin China’s deciduous broad-leaved forests from 2003 to 2020pixels are based on random time intervals
(a) Spatial distribution of ΔLAImax; (b) Spatial distribution of ΔLOS; (c) The negative correlation between ΔLAImax and ΔLOS.
图12 20032020年中国落叶阔叶林最大叶面积指数变化(ΔLAImax )和生长季长度变化(ΔLOS)的关系(基于时间线性趋势)
(a)ΔLAImax的空间分布图;(b)ΔLOS的空间分布图;(c)ΔLAImax与ΔLOS之间的负相关关系。
Fig. 12 The relationship betweenΔLAImaxandΔLOSin China’s deciduous broad-leaved forests from 2003 to 2020based on the linear temporal trend
(a) Spatial distribution of ΔLAImax; (b) Spatial distribution of ΔLOS; (c) The negative correlation between ΔLAImax and ΔLOS.
图13 中国落叶阔叶林树高与最大叶面积指数变化(ΔLAImax )和生长季长度变化(ΔLOS)的关系(像元基于随机时间间隔)
Fig. 13 Changes inΔLAImaxin relation to changes inΔLOSand tree height in Chinese deciduous broad-leaved forestspixels are based on random time intervals
图14 加入氮沉降(ΔN)和土壤水分(ΔSM)后最大叶面积指数变化(ΔLAImax )和生长季长度变化(ΔLOS)的关系
Fig. 14 Relationship betweenΔLAImax andΔLOS with the addition of nitrogen depositionΔNand soil moistureΔSM
图15 不同物种最大叶面积指数变化(ΔLAImax )和生长季长度变化(ΔLOS)的关系
Fig. 15 Relationship between ΔLAImax and ΔLOS based on different species
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