植被物候观测与指标提取方法研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.04.0365.

地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 365 -376. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.04.0365.

植被物候观测与指标提取方法研究进展

曹沛雨 ^1, ²(

), 张雷明 ^1,,A; ^*(

), 李胜功 ¹, 张军辉 ³

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2016-01-04 修回日期:2016-03-15 出版日期:2016-04-20
通讯作者: 张雷明 E-mail:caopy.13s@igsnrr.ac.cn;zhanglm@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“植被冠层对温带和亚热带成熟林生态系统碳交换的调控作用研究”(编号:31570446);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目“中国森林生态系统固碳现状、机制和潜力”(编号:XDA05050208)资助

Review on Vegetation Phenology Observation and Phenological Index Extraction

Peiyu Cao ^1, ²( ), Leiming Zhang ^1, ^*( ), Shenggong Li ¹, Junhui Zhang ³

1.Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China
3.Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016,China

Received:2016-01-04 Revised:2016-03-15 Online:2016-04-20 Published:2016-04-10
Contact: Leiming Zhang E-mail:caopy.13s@igsnrr.ac.cn;zhanglm@igsnrr.ac.cn
About author:
First author:Cao Peiyu(1991-), male, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, Master student. Research areas include phenology and terrestrial ecosystem productivity.E-mails:caopy.13s@igsnrr.ac.cn

Corresponding author:Zhang Leiming(1974-), male, Kaifeng City, He’nan Province, Associate Professor. Research areas include carbon, nitrogen and water cycle of terrestrial ecosystem and global change.E-mails:zhanglm@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Regulation of vegetation canopy on ecosystem carbon exchange of temperate and subtropical mature forests in China”(No.31570446);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences “Status, rate, mechanism and potential of ecosystem carbon sequestration by forest in China”(No.XDA05050208)

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植被物候直接反映了植被生理生态过程对环境变化的响应,在气候变化研究中受到了越来越多的关注,并形成了不同的物候观测技术和指标提取方法。基于文献调研,首先分类评述了当前常用的植被物候观测技术,其次系统介绍了基于不同类型观测数据的植被物候指标提取方法,最后基于实测数据综合比较了多源数据和多种提取方法获取的植被物候指标之间的差异。分析表明,不同植被物候观测技术具有各自适宜的时间和空间尺度,而各种方法的相互补充将有助于完善植被物候观测体系;同时,利用不同观测技术和提取方法所获取的植被物候指标之间存在明显差异,尤其是对于植被秋季物候指标。因此,合理评估多源数据和多种方法间植被物候的差异,并建立可相互比较与转换的处理方法体系,对于改进和完善植被物候观测具有重要的意义。

关键词: 植被物候, 植被指数, 通量观测, 物候指标, 生态系统

Vegetation phenology directly reflects the response of ecosystem physiological and ecological processes to environmental changes and has received increasing attention in climate change, which leads to the development of various phenology monitoring techniques and methods of extracting the phenological index. Based on relevant literatures, the monitoring techniques of vegetation phenology were reviewed. Second, the methods of extracting phenological index using different techniques were introduced systematically. Thirdly, the differences from multi-source data and from multi-methods were evaluated based on ground phenology record, flux observation and vegetation index. Although various methods have been adopted in current vegetation phenological studies, it should be aware of their appropriately spatiotemporal scales for different methods, and the mutual complementation will help to improve the system for phenology monitoring. Meanwhile, the comparison indicated the obvious differences in derived vegetation phenological index using various observation techniques and extraction methods, especially for the autumn vegetation phenological index. Such results highlight the importance to assess reasonably these differences from multi-source data and from multi-methods, and to establish a rational processing system for the mutual comparison and conversion from different methods.

Key words: Vegetation phenology, Vegetation index, Flux observation, Phenological index, Ecosystem.

中图分类号:

P935.1

表1 不同植被物候观测技术及其观测指标

Table 1 Observation techniques of phenology and their observation indexes

观测技术	记录/观测数据	物候相关指标	观测对象
人工观测	叶片或植株物候记录群落物候记录	植物开花、展叶和枯黄等时期群落中各个种群开花、返青、凋落等时期	植株草地、农田等低矮植被
温度观测	界限温度、积温	植物开花、展叶、枯黄等时期	植株、群落
相机拍照	叶片或植株照片冠层照片	植物开花、展叶和枯黄等时期群落开花、返青、凋落等时期	植株群落、景观
通量观测	GEP NEP	SOS,EOS和GSL SUP,EUP和CUP	群落、景观群落、景观
遥感观测	NDVI,EVI和LAI等	SOS,EOS和GSL	群落、区域
模型模拟	积温、日照长度及生物因子等	植物及群落开花、展叶、枯黄等时期	植株、群落和区域

表1 不同植被物候观测技术及其观测指标

Table 1 Observation techniques of phenology and their observation indexes

观测技术	记录/观测数据	物候相关指标	观测对象
人工观测	叶片或植株物候记录群落物候记录	植物开花、展叶和枯黄等时期群落中各个种群开花、返青、凋落等时期	植株草地、农田等低矮植被
温度观测	界限温度、积温	植物开花、展叶、枯黄等时期	植株、群落
相机拍照	叶片或植株照片冠层照片	植物开花、展叶和枯黄等时期群落开花、返青、凋落等时期	植株群落、景观
通量观测	GEP NEP	SOS,EOS和GSL SUP,EUP和CUP	群落、景观群落、景观
遥感观测	NDVI,EVI和LAI等	SOS,EOS和GSL	群落、区域
模型模拟	积温、日照长度及生物因子等	植物及群落开花、展叶、枯黄等时期	植株、群落和区域

表2 物候指标提取拟合及滤波方法

Table 2 Fitting and filtering functions of deriving Phenological index

方法	拟合及滤波函数	参考文献
单逻辑斯特(Logistic)	y(t)=a₀+a₁/(1+ $e (a 2 + a 3 t)$ )	[72,73]
双逻辑斯特(Double Logistic)	y(t)=a₀+a₁/(1+ $e - a 2 (t - a 3)$ )-a₄/(1+ $e - a 5 (t - a 6)$ )	[19,39]
高斯(Gaussian)	y(t)=a₀+a₁/ $e (t - a 2) / a 3) 2$	[74]
多项式(Polyfit)*	y(t)=a₀+a₁t+a₂t²+a₃t³+…+a_neⁿ	[66]
傅里叶变换*	y(t)=a₀+ $∑ i = 1 n$ a_i×cos(ω_it-φ_i)	[75]
Savitzky-Golay*	y(t)= $∑ i = - m i = m$ c_i×y_j+₁/N	[76]
样条插值—滑动平均(Spline)*	y(t)=a₀t³+a₁t²+a₂t+a₃	[77]

表2 物候指标提取拟合及滤波方法

Table 2 Fitting and filtering functions of deriving Phenological index

方法	拟合及滤波函数	参考文献
单逻辑斯特(Logistic)	y(t)=a₀+a₁/(1+ $e (a 2 + a 3 t)$ )	[72,73]
双逻辑斯特(Double Logistic)	y(t)=a₀+a₁/(1+ $e - a 2 (t - a 3)$ )-a₄/(1+ $e - a 5 (t - a 6)$ )	[19,39]
高斯(Gaussian)	y(t)=a₀+a₁/ $e (t - a 2) / a 3) 2$	[74]
多项式(Polyfit)*	y(t)=a₀+a₁t+a₂t²+a₃t³+…+a_neⁿ	[66]
傅里叶变换*	y(t)=a₀+ $∑ i = 1 n$ a_i×cos(ω_it-φ_i)	[75]
Savitzky-Golay*	y(t)= $∑ i = - m i = m$ c_i×y_j+₁/N	[76]
样条插值—滑动平均(Spline)*	y(t)=a₀t³+a₁t²+a₂t+a₃	[77]

图1 采用4种不同观测数据获取的长白山温带针阔混交林生态系统2007年的春季物候和秋季物候
(a) 通量观测( GEP和 NEP);(b)遥感观测( NDVI)和温度阈值( Ta)。其中日尺度 GEP和 NDVI采用双逻辑斯特拟合—动态阈值提取物候指标;日尺度 NEP和 Ta采用15天滑动平均,0值阈值提取物候指标。○代表SOS;▽代表SUP;△代表碳EUP;□代表EOS

Fig.1 Spring and autumn phenology of temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest at Changbai Mountain

图2 通过不同方法提取的长白山温带森林春季物候和秋季物候
(a)SOS;(b)EOS。虚线之间为地面人工观测的7种树种物候信

Fig.2 Spring and autumn phenology of temperate forest in Changbai Mountain derived from different methods
(a)SOS; (b)EOS.The phenology of 7 species were presented between two dashed lines

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