中国寒旱区灌木年轮学研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.042

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 561 -567. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.042

中国寒旱区灌木年轮学研究进展

肖生春 ¹(

),彭小梅 ²,丁爱军 ¹,田全彦 ¹,韩超 ¹

^1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000
^2.中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2020-02-25 修回日期:2020-04-24 出版日期:2020-06-10
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原西部人工林适宜性和稳定性的树轮学评价”(41977419);“阿拉善荒漠灌木年轮学研究”(41471082)

Research Advance of Shrub Dendrochronology in the Cold and Arid Regions of China

Shengchun Xiao ¹( ),Xiaomei Peng ²,Aijun Ding ¹,Quanyan Tian ¹,Chao Han ¹

^1.Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2020-02-25 Revised:2020-04-24 Online:2020-06-10 Published:2020-07-06
About author:Xiao Shengchun (1972-), male， Zhongwei City， Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， Professer. Research areas include the arid environment sciences and tree-ring study. E-mail: xiaosc@lzb.ac.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Dendrochronological assessment on the suitability and growth stability of artificial forests on the western Loess Plateau(41977419┫” and “Shub dendrochronology study on the Alxa Desert” ┣41471082)

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近年来，随着我国树轮学研究的蓬勃发展，树轮研究的树种逐步从针叶乔木拓展至林线之外的灌木种。中国广袤的高寒山区、干旱荒漠区地带性木本植物多为灌木和半灌木，相关研究在认识区域环境演变过程、环境保护和生态恢复中具有重要作用。收集整理了我国寒旱区已开展树轮学研究的灌木种，综述了灌木年轮识别、径向生长特征、不同参数年表研制方法等树轮基础研究，以及在生态响应、气候重建、水文过程和人工林生态学研究与生态恢复方面的应用进展，并对如何拓展灌木年轮学研究进行了展望。

关键词: 寒旱区, 灌木, 树木年轮学

Along with the booming of dendrochronology in China, the woody species for the tree-ring study have expanded gradually from tree species to the shrub and dwarf shrub species in the last decades. The zonal woody species in the vast alpine mountains, arid desert areas and arid regions in China are mostly shrubs and semi-shrubs, which is very important to understand the process of regional evolution, environmental protection and ecological recovery. In this paper, the shrub species which have been studied on tree rings in cold and arid areas of China were collected and sorted, and the fundamental research advances were presented, which include the shrub tree ring identification, radial growth characteristics, and chronology construction by different parameters. The applications of shrub dendrochronology to the subjects in eco-response, paleoclimate reconstruction, hydrological process, ecological study of artificial forest and ecological restoration were also presented. The prospect of shrub dendrochronology in the future was also discussed.

Key words: Cold and arid regions, Shrubs, Dendrochronology.

中图分类号:

P935.1

表1 中国寒旱区灌木树轮研究概况

Table 1 Research summary of shrub growth ring in the cold and arid regions in China

灌木种	生境	研究内容及参数
多枝柽柳^{[ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]} Tamarix ramosissima	荒漠河/湖岸林（850~910 m）	轮宽、微树芯、径向生长；生态响应、湖泊水文
甘蒙柽柳^{[ 14 ]} Tamarix austromongolica	青藏高原河漫滩（青藏高原，2 678 m）	轮宽；生态响应
霸王^{[ 15 , 16 , 17 ]} Zygophyllum xanthoxylum	荒漠（1 200~1 500 m）	轮宽；干湿变化
沙冬青^{[ 17 , 18 ]} Ammopiptanthus mongolicus	荒漠（1 300 m）	轮宽；干湿变化、生态响应
柠条^{[ 19 ]} Caragana korshinskii	荒漠草原（人工林，1 690 m）	轮宽；生态响应
红砂^{[ 12 , 20 ]} Reaumuria songarica	荒漠草原（1 690 m）	轮宽；气候响应
四合木^{[ 21 ]} Tetraena mongolica	草原化荒漠	轮宽（未转换为指数）；气候响应
梭梭^{[ 22 ]} Haloxylon ammodendron	荒漠（936 m）	年轮识别
山生柳^{[ 23 , 24 , 25 ]} Salix oritrepha	寒区、树线以上（>4 200 m）	基径断面积（Basal Area Index, BAI）；夏季气温
扫帚岩须^{[ 26 ]} Cassiope fastigiata	寒区、树线以上（4 150~4 400 m）	轮宽；春季气温、降水
雪层杜鹃^{[ 27 ]} Rhododendron nivale	寒区、树线以上（4 250~4 500 m）	轮宽；7月平均最低温
青海(陇蜀)杜鹃^{[ 28 ]} Rhododendron przewalskii	寒区、树线以上（4 050 m）	轮宽；早春气温，生态适应性
雪山杜鹃^{[ 29 , 30 ]} Rhododendron aganniphum	寒区、树线以上（4 400~4 500 m）	微树芯、木质部形成；生长季（7月）及前期低温控制
香柏^{[ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]} Juniperus pingii var. wilsonii	寒区、树线以上（4 740 ~ 5 100 m）	轮宽、氧同位素; 5~6月温度、降水，灌木线动态；夏季气温代用指标与冰芯记录比较
沙棘^{[ 35 ]} Hippophae rhamnoides	寒区、高山河谷(3 300~3 800 m)	轮宽；6月气温、冰川物质平衡线
西藏沙棘^{[ 36 ]} Hippophae tibetana	冰川终碛垄	树轮纤维素氧同位素；7~8月相对湿度、区域标准化降水蒸发指数
偃松^{[ 37 ]} Pinus pumila	寒区(大兴安岭)	轮宽、BAI；生态响应
趴地柏^{[ 38 , 39 ]} Sabina vulgaris	荒漠、寒区（1 200~3 100 m）	轮宽；生态响应、干湿变化

表1 中国寒旱区灌木树轮研究概况

Table 1 Research summary of shrub growth ring in the cold and arid regions in China

灌木种	生境	研究内容及参数
多枝柽柳^{[ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]} Tamarix ramosissima	荒漠河/湖岸林（850~910 m）	轮宽、微树芯、径向生长；生态响应、湖泊水文
甘蒙柽柳^{[ 14 ]} Tamarix austromongolica	青藏高原河漫滩（青藏高原，2 678 m）	轮宽；生态响应
霸王^{[ 15 , 16 , 17 ]} Zygophyllum xanthoxylum	荒漠（1 200~1 500 m）	轮宽；干湿变化
沙冬青^{[ 17 , 18 ]} Ammopiptanthus mongolicus	荒漠（1 300 m）	轮宽；干湿变化、生态响应
柠条^{[ 19 ]} Caragana korshinskii	荒漠草原（人工林，1 690 m）	轮宽；生态响应
红砂^{[ 12 , 20 ]} Reaumuria songarica	荒漠草原（1 690 m）	轮宽；气候响应
四合木^{[ 21 ]} Tetraena mongolica	草原化荒漠	轮宽（未转换为指数）；气候响应
梭梭^{[ 22 ]} Haloxylon ammodendron	荒漠（936 m）	年轮识别
山生柳^{[ 23 , 24 , 25 ]} Salix oritrepha	寒区、树线以上（>4 200 m）	基径断面积（Basal Area Index, BAI）；夏季气温
扫帚岩须^{[ 26 ]} Cassiope fastigiata	寒区、树线以上（4 150~4 400 m）	轮宽；春季气温、降水
雪层杜鹃^{[ 27 ]} Rhododendron nivale	寒区、树线以上（4 250~4 500 m）	轮宽；7月平均最低温
青海(陇蜀)杜鹃^{[ 28 ]} Rhododendron przewalskii	寒区、树线以上（4 050 m）	轮宽；早春气温，生态适应性
雪山杜鹃^{[ 29 , 30 ]} Rhododendron aganniphum	寒区、树线以上（4 400~4 500 m）	微树芯、木质部形成；生长季（7月）及前期低温控制
香柏^{[ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]} Juniperus pingii var. wilsonii	寒区、树线以上（4 740 ~ 5 100 m）	轮宽、氧同位素; 5~6月温度、降水，灌木线动态；夏季气温代用指标与冰芯记录比较
沙棘^{[ 35 ]} Hippophae rhamnoides	寒区、高山河谷(3 300~3 800 m)	轮宽；6月气温、冰川物质平衡线
西藏沙棘^{[ 36 ]} Hippophae tibetana	冰川终碛垄	树轮纤维素氧同位素；7~8月相对湿度、区域标准化降水蒸发指数
偃松^{[ 37 ]} Pinus pumila	寒区(大兴安岭)	轮宽、BAI；生态响应
趴地柏^{[ 38 , 39 ]} Sabina vulgaris	荒漠、寒区（1 200~3 100 m）	轮宽；生态响应、干湿变化

表2 不同生境灌木轮宽特征

Table 2 Characteristics of shrub ring-width on its distributed habitats

灌木种	轮宽均值 /mm	标准差 /mm	最大轮宽值/mm	生境
香柏^{[ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]}	0.29	0.15		高寒区
扫帚岩须^{[ 26 ]}	0.05	0.02	0.15	高寒区
雪层杜鹃^{[ 27 ]}	0.36			高寒区
雪山杜鹃^{[ 29 , 30 ]}	0.18~0.33			高寒区
青海杜鹃^{[ 28 ]}	0.50	0.19		高寒区
山生柳^{[ 23 , 24 , 25 ]}	0.25			高寒区
沙棘^{[ 35 ]}	1.41	0.76	3.36	高寒区
趴地柏^{[ 38 ]}	0.21	0.15	0.82	浅山区
趴地柏^{[ 39 ]}	0.90/1.50		2.00/4.50	荒漠区(丘顶/滩地)
多枝柽柳^{[ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]}	1.68	0.64	5.17	古河道盐碱地
甘蒙柽柳^{[ 14 ]}	4.30		8.30	高寒区河漫滩
红砂^{[ 12 , 20 ]}	0.85	0.54	3.58	黄土丘陵
霸王^{[ 15 , 16 , 17 ]}	0.44	0.33	1.76	砂砾质荒漠
沙冬青^{[ 17 , 18 ]}	0.83	0.40	2.73	砂砾质荒漠
柠条^{[ 19 ]}	0.67	0.44	2.26	黄土丘陵
梭梭^{*[ 22 ]}	0.42	0.09	0.75	砂砾质荒漠

表2 不同生境灌木轮宽特征

Table 2 Characteristics of shrub ring-width on its distributed habitats

灌木种	轮宽均值 /mm	标准差 /mm	最大轮宽值/mm	生境
香柏^{[ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]}	0.29	0.15		高寒区
扫帚岩须^{[ 26 ]}	0.05	0.02	0.15	高寒区
雪层杜鹃^{[ 27 ]}	0.36			高寒区
雪山杜鹃^{[ 29 , 30 ]}	0.18~0.33			高寒区
青海杜鹃^{[ 28 ]}	0.50	0.19		高寒区
山生柳^{[ 23 , 24 , 25 ]}	0.25			高寒区
沙棘^{[ 35 ]}	1.41	0.76	3.36	高寒区
趴地柏^{[ 38 ]}	0.21	0.15	0.82	浅山区
趴地柏^{[ 39 ]}	0.90/1.50		2.00/4.50	荒漠区(丘顶/滩地)
多枝柽柳^{[ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]}	1.68	0.64	5.17	古河道盐碱地
甘蒙柽柳^{[ 14 ]}	4.30		8.30	高寒区河漫滩
红砂^{[ 12 , 20 ]}	0.85	0.54	3.58	黄土丘陵
霸王^{[ 15 , 16 , 17 ]}	0.44	0.33	1.76	砂砾质荒漠
沙冬青^{[ 17 , 18 ]}	0.83	0.40	2.73	砂砾质荒漠
柠条^{[ 19 ]}	0.67	0.44	2.26	黄土丘陵
梭梭^{*[ 22 ]}	0.42	0.09	0.75	砂砾质荒漠

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