地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1166 -1182. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.092

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草原生态系统植物群落稳定性及其影响机制研究进展
王怀海1,2,3(), 宋兆斌1,2,3, 乔静娟1,2,3, 张晓雪1,2,3, 汪正蛟一1,2,3, 郝芳唯1,2,3, 左小安1,3()   
  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室/乌拉特荒漠 草原研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.甘肃省寒区旱区 逆境生理与生态重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24 修回日期:2025-10-13 出版日期:2025-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 左小安 E-mail:wanghuaihai@nieer.ac.cn;zuoxa@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技重大专项课题(2024JBGS0011-02);甘肃省科技计划优秀博士生项目(25JRRA527);甘肃省科技计划基础研究创新群体项目(25JRRA490)

Advances in Plant Community Stability and Its Regulatory Mechanisms in Steppe Ecosystems

Huaihai WANG1,2,3(), Zhaobin SONG1,2,3, Jingjuan QIAO1,2,3, Xiaoxue ZHANG1,2,3, Zhengjiaoyi WANG1,2,3, Fangwei HAO1,2,3, Xiaoan ZUO1,3()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands/Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3.Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2025-03-24 Revised:2025-10-13 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-12-31
  • Contact: Xiaoan ZUO E-mail:wanghuaihai@nieer.ac.cn;zuoxa@lzb.ac.cn
  • About author:WANG Huaihai, research areas include plant community stability and restoration ecology. E-mail: wanghuaihai@nieer.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the Major Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2024JBGS0011-02);Foundation for Outstanding Ph.D Student of Gansu Province(25JRRA527);Foundation for Innovative Research Groups in Basic Research of Gansu Province(25JRRA490)

植物群落稳定性是维系草原生态系统结构完整性、功能与服务可持续性的核心生态学议题,在全球气候变化和人类活动加剧的背景下,其影响机制已成为生态学和植物学研究的前沿焦点。在前人研究的基础上,从稳定性理论内涵及表征参数、多样性—稳定性关系、草原生态系统植物群落稳定性的影响机制等方面梳理了当前研究进展,指出现有研究中存在的关键问题,并对未来可能的研究重点进行了展望。研究表明,在气候变化与人类活动影响下,草原生态系统植物群落稳定性主要受到超产效应(选择效应与互补效应)、保险效应、异步性效应、补偿效应、投资组合效应、统计平均效应以及土壤养分可利用性等生物机制或非生物因素的共同调控,且具有明显的生态系统类型特异性和时空尺度依赖性。未来需要构建“多扰动要素—多调控过程—多时空尺度/组织维度”的系统研究范式,以便进一步深入解析全球变化背景下草原生态系统的结构、功能和稳定性之间的内在关联机制,为草原生态系统可持续发展与适应性管理实践提供参考依据。

Plant community stability is the central ecological issue that underpins the structural integrity, functional continuity, and service sustainability of steppe ecosystems. Its influencing mechanisms have become a frontier focus in ecological and botanical research amid accelerating global climate change and intensifying anthropogenic activities. Building upon previous research, this review synthesizes current understanding of the theoretical connotation and characterization parameters of stability, the diversity-stability relationship, and the influencing mechanisms of plant community stability in steppe ecosystems. It further identifies critical knowledge gaps and provides an outlook on potential research priorities and development directions. Studies have shown that under the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities, the stability of plant communities in steppe ecosystems is collectively regulated by multiple biotic mechanisms—such as overyielding effects (via selection and complementarity), insurance effects, asynchrony, compensation effects, portfolio effects, and statistical averaging effects—along with abiotic factors such as soil nutrient availability. These mechanisms exhibit distinct ecosystem type specificity and significant spatio-temporal scale dependence. Future research needs to establish a systematic paradigm of “multiple disturbance factors-multiple regulatory processes-multiple spatio-temporal scales and organizational dimensions” to further unravel the intrinsic linkages between the structure, function, and stability of steppe ecosystems under global change, aiming to provide a reference for the sustainable development and adaptive management practices of steppe ecosystems.

中图分类号: 

图1 基于主题检索和目标筛选的草原植物群落稳定性研究论文发表量
(a)1986—2024年主题检索论文发表量;(b)对主题检索论文进行目标筛选后论文发表量。
Fig. 1 Publications on steppe plant community stability retrieved by thematic search and targeted screening
(a) Publications retrieved by thematic search (1986-2024); (b) Refined publications after targeted screening.
图2 基于扰动因子特征与草原类型的植物群落稳定性研究论文发表量
Fig. 2 Publications on plant community stability by perturbation factor characteristics and steppe types
图3 多样性—稳定性关系机制示意图
Fig. 3 Mechanism of diversity-stability relationship
图4 草原生态系统植物群落稳定性影响机制的概念框架(根据参考文献[101739-40]修改)
(a)多维度稳定性概念示意图;(b)扰动事件下的常用稳定性指标;(c)草原植物群落稳定性的影响机制。
Fig. 4 Conceptual framework for the mechanisms influencing plant community stability in steppe ecosystemsmodified after references101739-40])
(a) Multidimensional stability concepts; (b) Stability metrics under disturbance events; (c) Mechanisms driving steppe plant community stability.
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