全球变化背景下半干旱区陆气机制研究综述

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.10.0995.

半干旱区作为全球陆地的重要组成部分,在全球气候变化过程中发挥着不可忽视的作用。现代气候变化过程中,半干旱区受局地人类活动影响显著,表现出百年尺度的面积扩张及年代际的干湿周期变化。归纳近年来国内外全球半干旱区气候变化的研究成果,对以往半干旱区主要陆面观测计划进行回顾,重点分类总结陆气相互作用在半干旱气候变化过程中发挥的作用;包括半干旱区陆气相互作用中的能量循环、水循环和碳循环等变化特征,以及模式对半干旱区陆气特征的历史模拟和未来预测。随着半干旱区干旱化的加剧,未来的局地陆气相互作用将出现新的变化特征,需要进一步加强对半干旱区陆气相互作用机制的认识,从多方向推进半干旱区陆气相互作用对区域气候影响的研究。

关键词: 半干旱区, 陆气相互作用, 气候变化, 模式模拟

The semi-arid region, as a key part of global land, plays an important role in climate change. In the process of modern climate change, the semi-arid region is significantly affected by local human activities, showing remarkable expansion and obvious decadal variations. In this paper, we summarized the studies of the land-atmosphere interaction in the semi-arid regions in recent years, and major land surface observation plans. We put emphasis on energy balance, water cycle, carbon cycle in land-atmosphere interaction of climate change, and their performance in historical simulation and future prediction. The prediction results illustrate that new character of land-atmosphere interaction will appear as the drying of drylands in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of land-atmosphere interaction and move forward energetically on research in regional climate from different aspects.

Key words: Semi-arid region, Land-atmosphere interaction, Climate change, Model simulation

中图分类号:

P463.1

图1 不同气候区气温趋势对全球气温趋势的贡献 ^{[

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Fig.1 The regional contribution of land-surface linear air temperature trend to global as function of climatological mean precipitation ^{[

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图2 8个半干旱区气候类型的转变 ^{[

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Fig.2 The transitions over the eight semi-arid regions ^{[

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图3 干燥度指数(a)与降水(实线)和潜在蒸发量(虚线)(b)的年代际变化 ^{[

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Fig.3 Decadal variability of AI(a), precipitation (solid line) and PET (dotted line)(b) ^{[

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图4 土壤湿度定义与相应的蒸散机制 ^{[

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Fig.4 Definition of soil moisture regimes and corresponding evapotranspiration regimes ^{[

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图5 不同气候区年均气温和土壤湿度的趋势 ^{[

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Fig.5 The linear trends of annual mean temperature and soil moisture as a function of climatological mean precipitation ^{[

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图6 不同区域观测与模拟的潜在蒸散、降水、干燥度指数、气温距平 ^{[

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Fig.6 Temporal variations in regionally averaged precipitation, PET, AI, and SAT in hyper-arid, arid, semi-arid,and dry subhumid regions from observations and the CMIP5 MME ^{[

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摘要

An Overview of Researches on Land-Atmosphere Interaction over Semi-Arid Region Under Global Changes