风成沉积物叶蜡氢同位素在揭示东亚季风区干湿变化中的原理及应用

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.011

地球科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 45 -57. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.011

梁承弘(

), 鹿化煜(

)

南京大学地理与海洋科学学院自然地理学系，南京大学关键地球物质循环前沿科学中心，江苏南京 210043

收稿日期:2020-11-28 修回日期:2020-12-24 出版日期:2021-03-19
通讯作者: 鹿化煜 E-mail:MG1727005@smail.nju.edu.cn;huayulu@nju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“北半球中纬度黄土沉积与最近四个冰期旋回气候—植被变化”(41920104005);“气候变化对长江和湄公河流域水文水资源的影响”(42011530119)

The Application of Leaf Wax n-alkanes δD in Aeolian Sediments as a Proxy for Reconstructing Quaternary Humidity Variations in the Monsoonal East Asia

Chenghong LIANG( ), Huayu LU( )

Department of Physical Geography，School of Geography and Ocean Science，Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling，Nanjing University，Nanjing 210043，China

Received:2020-11-28 Revised:2020-12-24 Online:2021-03-19 Published:2021-03-19
Contact: Huayu LU E-mail:MG1727005@smail.nju.edu.cn;huayulu@nju.edu.cn
About author:LIANG Chenghong (1996-), male, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, Master student. Research areas include biogeochemistry and paleoclimate study. E-mail: MG1727005@smail.nju.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China "The climate-vegetation variation over the past four glacial-interglacial cycles in middle latitude of Northern Hemisphere: Loess record"(41920104005);"Climate change and its impacts on hydrology and water resources in the Yangtze and Mekong River basins"(42011530119)

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沉积物叶蜡正构烷烃氢同位素是指示气候和环境变化的一种新的生物地球化学指标，由于其存在广泛、成因机制清晰、易于保存等特点，被认为是具有很大潜力的重建古环境的替代指标。分析了正构烷烃的形成过程与其氢同位素的分馏机制，讨论了叶蜡正构烷烃氢同位素在不同气候区指示湿度变化的能力，总结了在东亚季风区半干旱区的一些应用案例。相比于风成黄土中其他气候代用指标，沉积物正构烷烃氢同位素更直接地指示了区域干湿变化，对区域气候和环境变化响应敏感，在长时间尺度上记录了水汽变化过程，并存在显著的太阳辐射岁差周期。正构烷烃氢同位素是一种理想的东亚季风区干旱半干旱地区湿度重建的代用指标，未来需要进一步研究大气降水同位素和本地分馏过程对其变化的控制规律，加强其在古气候定量重建中的研究应用。

关键词: 正构烷烃氢同位素, 湿度重建, 黄土, 半干旱区, 东亚季风

Leaf wax n-alkanes are widely distributed in sediments； they have a clear formation process， and they are resistance to environment change. δD composition of leaf wax n-alkanes is a newly developed biogeochemistry proxy with great potential in paleoenvironment reconstruction. In this paper， we reviewed the formation process of leaf wax n-alkanes and their hydrogen isotopic fraction， evaluated the relationship between leaf wax n-alkanes δD and regional humidity， and summarized recent applications of them to paleoclimate reconstruction. Based on the studies of n-alkanes δD of surface sediments， we find n-alkanes δD is a good proxy indicator of humidity in semiarid and arid climate region in monsoonal East Asia. Compared with other proxies from loess-paleosol sequences， the n-alkanes δD is a direct indicator of humidity variations； it shows direct response to environment change， and it reveals precession signal of solar insolation variations in orbital timescales paleoclimate record. In this case， the n-alkanes δD is a good proxy for humidity variations in sedimentary records in East Asia monsoon region， and， further research on the influence of the variations of precipitation isotope and local isotope fraction process to the n-alkanes δD is compulsively needed.

Key words: n-alkanes δD, Paleo-humidity reconstruction, Loess, Semi-arid regions, Asia monsoon

中图分类号:

P593

表1 东亚季风区表层沉积物正构烷烃氢同位素数据汇总清单

Table 1 Summary of the studies in δD _wax of surface sediments in east Asia monsoon regions

序号	表层沉积物	有效样本数/个	参考文献
1	土壤	41	[ 33 ]
2	湖泊	12	[ 35 ]
3	泥炭	7	[ 37 ]
4	土壤	34	[ 38 ]
5	湖泊	21	[ 41 ]
6	湖泊	22	[ 42 ]
7	土壤	54	[ 43 ]
8	土壤	61	[ 44 ]
9	土壤	38	[ 45 ]

表1 东亚季风区表层沉积物正构烷烃氢同位素数据汇总清单

Table 1 Summary of the studies in δD _wax of surface sediments in east Asia monsoon regions

序号	表层沉积物	有效样本数/个	参考文献
1	土壤	41	[ 33 ]
2	湖泊	12	[ 35 ]
3	泥炭	7	[ 37 ]
4	土壤	34	[ 38 ]
5	湖泊	21	[ 41 ]
6	湖泊	22	[ 42 ]
7	土壤	54	[ 43 ]
8	土壤	61	[ 44 ]
9	土壤	38	[ 45 ]

表1 东亚季风区表层沉积物正构烷烃氢同位素数据汇总清单

Table 1 Summary of the studies in δD _wax of surface sediments in east Asia monsoon regions

序号	表层沉积物	有效样本数/个	参考文献
1	土壤	41	[ 33 ]
2	湖泊	12	[ 35 ]
3	泥炭	7	[ 37 ]
4	土壤	34	[ 38 ]
5	湖泊	21	[ 41 ]
6	湖泊	22	[ 42 ]
7	土壤	54	[ 43 ]
8	土壤	61	[ 44 ]
9	土壤	38	[ 45 ]

表1 东亚季风区表层沉积物正构烷烃氢同位素数据汇总清单

Table 1 Summary of the studies in δD _wax of surface sediments in east Asia monsoon regions

序号	表层沉积物	有效样本数/个	参考文献
1	土壤	41	[ 33 ]
2	湖泊	12	[ 35 ]
3	泥炭	7	[ 37 ]
4	土壤	34	[ 38 ]
5	湖泊	21	[ 41 ]
6	湖泊	22	[ 42 ]
7	土壤	54	[ 43 ]
8	土壤	61	[ 44 ]
9	土壤	38	[ 45 ]

图1 东亚季风区表层沉积物正构烷烃氢同位素数据年均降水量分布（a）和干旱区分布（b）统计图

Fig.1 Histogram of the local climate condition (a) annual precipitation and (b) distribution of Aridity Index of δD_wax of surface sediments in east Asia monsoon regions

图1 东亚季风区表层沉积物正构烷烃氢同位素数据年均降水量分布（a）和干旱区分布（b）统计图

Fig.1 Histogram of the local climate condition (a) annual precipitation and (b) distribution of Aridity Index of δD_wax of surface sediments in east Asia monsoon regions

图2 正构烷烃氢同位素—年均大气降水氢同位素回归分析（a）及不同气候区间差异分析（b,c）
（a）正构烷烃氢同位素值—降水氢同位素值相关分析（显著性水平为0.05）；（b）不同气候区回归残差箱式图（中心线为中位数，中心点为平均值，箱体为四分位距，箱外线为1.5倍中位距，箱外点为异常值）；（c）不同气候区回归残差组间K-W及Dunnett’s t差异检验

Fig.2 Correlation analysis of δD_wax and δD_p (a) and their variations in different climate zone (b,c)
(a) Correlation analysis of δD _wax and δD _p (significant level: p< 0.05)；(b) Box plot of e_i in different climate zone (middle line is the median,middle point is the mean value,the box is the interquartile range,the line outside the box is the 1.5 times interquartile range,and the point outside the box is the abnormal value)；(c) K-W & Dunnett's t test of e_i in different climate zone

图3 大气降水氢同位素值、正构烷烃氢同位素值、表观分馏值与年均降水量、干旱指数的干旱半干旱区样本（a,c）、全样本（b,d）相关分析图（*表示p< 0.05）

Fig.3 Correlation analysis of δD_p，δD_wax and ε_app of precipitation (P) and Aridity Index (AI) in arid-semiarid regions (a,c) and all regions (b,d) （* indicates p< 0.05）

图4 黄土—沙漠交错带镇北台剖面黄土序列多指标互检结果
磁化率、粒度、有机碳含量、碳同位素数据来自参考文献[ 73 ]，正构烷烃氢同位素、χ _arm/SIRM数据来自梁承弘等未发表数据，沙丘固定概率来自参考文献[ 74 ]

Fig.4 Comparison of multiple proxies results in ZBT section which is located in the desert-loess transition zone,North China
MS, grain size, TOC, and δ ¹³C _TOC are cited from reference [ 73 ]. Leaf wax n-alkanes δD and χ _arm/SIRM are Liang Chenghong, Thesis of Master Degree, Nanjing University (2020). The probability of sand dune stabilization is cited from reference [ 74 ]

图5 东亚季风区半干旱区轨道尺度正构烷烃氢同位素记录
（a）35°N7月太阳辐射 ^{[

82
]}；（b）黄土高原西峰剖面正构烷烃氢同位素记录 ^{[

72
]}；（c）黄土高原蓝田、渭南剖面叶蜡脂肪酸氢同位素记录 ^{[

70
]}（叶蜡脂肪酸与叶蜡正构烷烃合成过程、氢同位素分馏机制基本一致）；（d）三宝洞石笋氧同位素记录 ^{[

83
]}

Fig.5 Examples of orbital timescales n-alkanes δD records in semiarid regions of east Asia monsoon regions
(a) The July insolation of north hemisphere 35° ^{[

82
]}； (b) n-alkanes δD of Xifeng loess section in Chinese Loess Plateau ^{[

72
]}； (c) n-fatty acid δD of Lantian and Weinan loess section in Chinese Loess Plateau ^{[

70
]} (the production and isotope fraction of n-fatty acid are similar to n-alkanes)； (d) Speleothem δ ¹⁸O of Sanbao Cave ^{[

83
]}

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The Application of Leaf Wax n-alkanes δD in Aeolian Sediments as a Proxy for Reconstructing Quaternary Humidity Variations in the Monsoonal East Asia

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The Application of Leaf Wax n-alkanes δD in Aeolian Sediments as a Proxy for Reconstructing Quaternary Humidity Variations in the Monsoonal East Asia