地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1093 -1101. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.10.1093

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黄土高原草地植被对土壤侵蚀影响研究进展
张琪琳 1( ), 王占礼 1, 2, *( ), 王栋栋 1, 刘俊娥 3   
  1. 1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100
    2.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌 712100
    3.陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安 710119
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-10 修回日期:2017-07-25 出版日期:2017-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 王占礼 E-mail:zhangqilin1116@163.com;zwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“应用三区土盘实验解析黄土坡面片蚀动力学过程”(编号:41471230);国家重点研发计划项目“黄河流域水沙多时空演变及其分异规律”(编号:2016YFC0402401)资助.

Advances in Researches of the Effects of Grassland Vegetation on Soil Erosion in Loess Plateau

Qilin Zhang 1( ), Zhanli Wang 1, 2, *( ), Dongdong Wang 1, Jun’e Liu 3   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A & F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;
    2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of CAS and MWR,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China
    3.School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;
  • Received:2017-05-10 Revised:2017-07-25 Online:2017-12-20 Published:2017-10-20
  • Contact: Zhanli Wang E-mail:zhangqilin1116@163.com;zwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • About author:

    First author: Zhang Qilin (1991-), male, Yuncheng County, Shanxi Province, Master student. Research areas include soil erosion research.E-mail:zhangqilin1116@163.com

  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China “Application of three-zone soil plate experiment analysis of loess slope surface erosion mechanics process”(No.41471230);The National Key R & D Plan “Yellow River Basin water and sediment evolution and its variation”(No.2016YFC0402401).
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黄土高原土壤侵蚀严重,草地植被具有良好的水土保持作用,能很好地改善其生态环境。学者们对草地植被盖度与土壤侵蚀的关系、草地植被对水力学参数的影响、草地植被对土壤性质的影响、草地植被减水减沙效应以及草地坡面土壤侵蚀过程等几个方面开展了大量研究;但是关于草地覆盖诱发的侵蚀作用研究较少。将前人的研究成果进行归纳总结,并补充关于草地诱发侵蚀的一些研究结果,继而指出目前研究中存在的问题以及今后需要加强的方面,旨在减少黄土高原土壤侵蚀。

关键词: 黄土高原, 草地植被, 土壤侵蚀

Soil erosion is a serious global environmental problem which limits the survival and development of human beings. In our country, due to the special physical geography and socio-economic conditions, soil erosion intensity is great, which is particularly prominent in Loess Plateau region. Therefore, preventing and controlling soil erosion, as well as reducing soil erosion in Loess Plateau have become the key to solving environmental problems in the region. Soil erosion on Loess Plateau is serious, and grassland vegetation has good effects on soil and water conservation, which can improve ecological environment well. After the implementation of the project about returning farmland to grassland on Loess Plateau, the ecological benefits mainly focused on soil and water conservation benefits, soil improvement benefits, water conservation benefits and species diversity benefits, etc. Grassland vegetation has an irreplaceable role in the construction of the ecological environment on Loess Plateau. Therefore, the role of grassland in preventing soil erosion has received more and more attention. Scholars have done lots of research involved in the relationship between grassland coverage and soil erosion, impacts of grassland on hydrodynamic parameters, effects of grassland on soil properties, reduction effects of grassland on runoff and sediment, and soil erosion process on grassland slope. However, there is little research on erosion effect induced by grassland cover. This paper mainly pointed out the following questions: First, grassland cover is influenced by many factors, but the relationship with soil erosion from the dynamic mechanism is rarely discussed; Second, there is no well-developed theory of overland flow erosion at present, which limits the study of hydrodynamic parameters on grassland slope; Third, establishment of mathematical model between grassland cover and soil resistance can accelerate the quantitative analysis of grassland influence on erosion; Fourth, comprehensive analysis of influencing factors on water reduction and sediment reduction effect on grassland are insufficient; Fifth, there are not many mechanisms to analyze the erosion process of grassland slope by using the hydrodynamic characteristics of slope; sixth, research results on grassland-induced erosion are mainly focused on leading to soil dry layer and we should continue to strengthen in the future. This paper summarized the previous results, and supplemented some studies about erosion caused by grassland, then pointed out the existing problems in current research and the areas that need to be strengthened in the future, aiming at reducing soil erosion on the Loess Plateau.

Key words: Loess Plateau, Grassland vegetation, Soil erosion.

中图分类号: 

表1 草地植被盖度与侵蚀之间的关系式
Table 1 The relationship between grass coverage and erosion
研究者 关系式
罗伟祥等[ 11 ] W=-11.180+1099.801×,W为冲刷量(kg)
江忠善等[ 12 ] C=e-0.0418(V-5) V>5%,C为草地土壤流失系数
石生新等[ 13 ] Q=8.622e-3.42V,Q为累计产沙量(kg)
董荣万等[ 14 ] M=22.2707-4.4438lnV,M为平均侵蚀量(t/km2)
郑良勇[ 15 ] W=28157.53×Q2.38×V-2.82,W为径流输沙率(g/min),Q为径流流量(L/min)
表2 草地植被不同部位拦蓄径流、泥沙效益
Table 2 Runoff and sediment reducing benefits of different parts of grass
草地不同
部位		 减少径流
/(m3/km2)		 减水效益
/%		 减少侵蚀量
/(t/km2)		 减沙效益
/%
茎枝 2 600 8.96 — —
枯落物层 4 270 14.71 693.3 44.6
土壤体 21 120 72.75 861.2 55.4
三部分之和 27 990 96.40 - 100
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