北冰洋太平洋扇区碳循环变化机制研究面临的关键科学问题与挑战

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.10.1084

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1084 -1092. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.10.1084

聂红涛 ¹(

), 王蕊 ¹, 赵伟 ¹, 罗晓凡 ¹, 祁第 ², 鹿有余 ³, 张远辉 ², 魏皓 ^1, ^*(

)

1.天津大学海洋科学与技术学院,天津 300072
2.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门 361005
3.Bedford Institute of Oceans, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada

收稿日期:2017-05-04 修回日期:2017-07-24 出版日期:2017-12-20
通讯作者: 魏皓 E-mail:htnie@tju.edu.cn;weihao@ouc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“楚科奇海及其邻近海域碳循环年际变化和机制研究”(编号:41630969);国家自然科学基金面上项目“黄东海碳通量季节、年际变化的模拟与机制分析”(编号:41376112)资助.

Key Scientific Problems and Challenges of Studying Carbon Cycle Mechanism in Pacific Sector of the Arctic

Hongtao Nie ¹( ), Rui Wang ¹, Wei Zhao ¹, Xiaofan Luo ¹, Di Qi ², Youyu Lu ³, Yuanhui Zhang ², Hao Wei ^1, ^*( )

1.School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
2.Third Institute of Oceanography,SOA,Xiamen 361005,China
3.Bedford Institute of Oceans, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada

Received:2017-05-04 Revised:2017-07-24 Online:2017-12-20 Published:2017-10-20
Contact: Hao Wei E-mail:htnie@tju.edu.cn;weihao@ouc.edu.cn
About author:
First author:Nie Hongtao(1979-),male,Suizhou City,Hubei Province, Lecturer. Research areas include shallow sea dynamics and marine ecosystem dynamics.E-mail:htnie@tju.edu.cn
Supported by:
*Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Research on characteristics and mechanisms of inter-annual variations of carbon cycling in the Chukchi Sea and adjacent region”(No.41630969) and “Modeling and analysis of seasonal and inter-annual variability of carbon fluxes in the Yellow and East China Seas”(No.41376112).

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目前全球节能减排任务艰巨,海冰消退后北冰洋碳汇能力增加被期待。楚科奇海及其临近海域拥有全球海洋较高的生物固碳率和深海埋存量,在整个北冰洋碳循环中举足轻重。厘清楚科奇海碳循环过程对环境快速变化的响应机制是北冰洋碳汇能力预测的基础。然而,楚科齐海碳吸收、封存对气候变化的响应尚存争议,碳循环过程的主控因子尚不明确。建立高分辨率的海洋—海冰—碳循环模型,可以探究海冰消退对楚科奇海海—气界面CO₂吸收通量和垂直碳沉降通量的影响,认识入流与陆坡涌升增加对楚科奇海CO₂源/汇格局的作用,探讨碳的深海输运埋藏对环境变化的响应,评估楚科奇海陆架泵效率及其在全球碳汇中的作用。基于气候环境快速变化下楚科奇海域碳循环研究所面临的挑战,提出了构建北冰洋碳循环模型的基本思路及拟解决的关键科学问题。

关键词: 碳循环过程, 太平洋入流, 陆坡涌升, 海洋—, 海冰—, 碳循环模型

Challenged by the enormous pressure to reduce the global carbon emission, it is expected that the Arctic Ocean could absorb additional atmospheric CO₂ with the retreating of sea-ice. The Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters, characterized by the highest carbon fixation in the global ocean and large carbon flux into the deep-ocean for sequestration, make substantial contributions to carbon cycling in the entire Arctic Ocean. Understanding the response mechanism of carbon cycling in this region to the rapidly changing environment is the foundation for the prediction of carbon sink in the Arctic Ocean. However, the response of carbon absorption and storage to climate change is still controversial, and the main controlling factors of the carbon cycle process remain unclear.Thus, to establish high-resolution coupled ocean-ice-carbon models can explore the influence of sea ice retreat on atmospheric CO₂ and the vertical sinking carbon fluxes in Chukchi Sea, estimate the effectiveness of growing inflow and slope upwelling on carbon sink/source patterns, discuss the response of deep-ocean carbon sequestration to the changing environment, and evaluate the effectiveness of continental shelf pump in the Chukchi Sea as well as its role in the global carbon sink. Based on the challenge for the research of the Chukchi Sea carbon cycle research with rapidly changing climate, the basic ideas of establishing Arctic Ocean carbon cycling model as well as its key scientific issues to be resolved were proposed.

Key words: Carbon cycle processes, Pacific inflow, Slope upwelling, Ocean-ice-carbon model.

中图分类号:

图1 北冰洋年最小海冰覆盖面积变化 ^{[

6
]}

Fig.1 Changes in the minimum coverage of Arctic sea ice ^{[

6
]}

图2 北冰洋太平洋扇区地形(色标,白色为200 m等深线)、环流(箭头)、海冰覆盖范围(虚线,绿色为9 月海冰最大、最小覆盖边缘,黄色为3月海冰最大/最小覆盖边缘)示意图 ^{[

8
]}

Fig.2 Chukchi sea and adjacent oceans terrain (white is 200 m isobath), circulation (arrow), sea ice coverage (dotted line, green(yellow) is the maximum and minimum of sea ice cover edge in September (March)) ^{[

8
]}

图3 北极碳循环概念图 ^{[

32
]}

Fig.3 A conceptual view of the Arctic Ocean carbon cycle ^{[

32
]}

图4 海洋—海冰—生物地球化学碳循环概念模型

Fig.4 Carbon cycle concept model of sea-ice-biogeochemical process

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