陇东黄土高原土壤储水量与蒸发和气候研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.06.0625

地球科学进展 ›› 2007, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 625 -635. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.06.0625

陇东黄土高原土壤储水量与蒸发和气候研究

王润元，杨兴国，张九林,王德民，梁东升，张立功

中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所，甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室，中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室，甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2007-04-15 修回日期:2007-05-16 出版日期:2007-06-10
通讯作者: 王润元（1965-），男，甘肃西和县人，副研究员，主要从事气候变化与生态和陆面过程研究.E-mail: wryww@163.com E-mail:wryww@163.com
基金资助:
科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项“西北农作物对气候变化的响应及其评价方法”（编号：2005DIB3J100），国家科技攻关计划西部开发科技行动重大项目“祁连山空中云水资源开发利用研究”（编号：2004BA901A16-03）；国家自然科学基金项目“西北干旱荒漠区大气边界层厚度特征及其形成机制研究”（编号：40575006）共同资助.

A Study of Soil Water and Land Surface Evaporation and Climate on Loess Plateau in the Eastern Gansu Province

WANG Run-yuan, YANG Xing-guo, ZHANG Jiu-lin, WANG De-min, LIANG Dong-sheng, ZHANG Li-gong

Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Open Laboratory of Arid Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2007-04-15 Revised:2007-05-16 Online:2007-06-10 Published:2007-06-10

下载PDF ( 1105 )

利用长期土壤湿度和气候观测资料，分析了陇东黄土高原陆面蒸发和土壤储水量的年际变化及其与气候因素的关系。在近20年来，陇东黄土高陆面蒸发和土壤储水量的年际变化主要表现为逐年减少的趋势，个别季节表现为增加的趋势；年际变化的速率具有季节和空间差异性。陆面蒸发和土壤储水量随着温度的升高而减少，随着降水的增加而增加。但是陆面蒸发和土壤储水量与温度的关系不密切，与降水的关系密切。变暖不是陇东黄土高陆面蒸发和土壤储水量逐年减少的气候因素，降水的逐年减少才是陇东黄土高原陆面蒸发和土壤储水量逐年减少的气候因素。陇东黄土高原的土壤干旱化与地表蒸发关系不大，降水的逐年减少可能是土壤干旱化的根本原因。

关键词: 黄土高原, 陆面蒸发, 陇东, 气候, 土壤储水量

Using long-term observation data about climate and soil moisture, the soil water and the land surface evaporation in the last 20 years on loess plateau in eastern Gansu were estimated and the tendency of their variations and the relationship between their variations and climate were analyzed. The results indicated that the inter-annual variation of both soil water and land surface evaporation mainly showed a diminishing trend and an increasing tendency in the few seasons. The rates of inter-annual variation of soil water and land surface evaporation were varying in different seasons and regions. The soil water and the land surface evaporation decreased with temperature rising and increased with precipitation increasing. Response of inter-annual variation of soil water and evaporation to temperature was not sensitive, and response of them to precipitation was very sensitive. The rates of inter-annual variation of soil water and land surface evaporation were keeping with the rates of inter-annual variation of precipitation in different seasons and regions. The precipitation was the main climate factor affecting inter-annual variation of soil water and land surface evaporation.

Key words: Loess plateau in the eastern Gansu, Soil water, Land surface evaporation, Climate.

中图分类号:

P463.23

[1]Yang Meixue, Yao Tandong,He Yuanqing,et al. The water cycles between land surface and atmosphere in northern part of Tibetan plateau[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002，22（2）：29-33.[杨梅学,姚檀栋,何元庆,等. 藏北高原地气之间的水分循环. 地理科学[J].2002，22（2）：29-33.]
[2]Chahine T M. The hydrological cycle and its influence on climate[J].Nature,1992,359:373-380.
[3]Numaguti A. Origin and recycling processes of precipitating water over the Eurasian continent: Experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,104:1 957-1 972.
[4]Sun L, Wu G X. Impact of evapotranspiration of land surface on climate change[J].Science in China (Series D),2001,34(1):59-69.[孙岚, 吴国雄. 陆面蒸散对气候变化的影响[J].中国科学:D辑, 2001, 31(1): 59-69.]
[5]Shukla J, Mintz Y. Influence of land-surface environment on the earth climate[J].Science,1982, 215:1 498-1 501.
[6]Fan Guangzhou, Lü Shihua, Cheng Goudong. Feature analysis of summer water resource in north China and its response to climate change (Ⅱ): The relationship between plentiful or short of summer water resource in north China and climate change [J].Plateau Meteorology,2002, 21(1): 45-51.[范广洲, 吕世华, 程国栋. 华北地区夏季水资源特征分析及其对气候变化的响应(Ⅱ):华北地区夏季水量丰、枯与气候变化的关系[J]. 高原气象, 2002, 21(1): 45-51.]
[7]Gao Qianzhao, Wu Yanqin. Analysis of water cycle in inland river basins in Hexi region[J].Advances in Water Science,2004,15(3): 391-396.[高前兆, 仵彦卿. 河西内陆河流域的水循环分析[J]. 水科学进展, 2004,15(3): 391-396.]
[8]Gao Qianzhao, LI Xiaoyan, Wu Yanqin,et al.Transformation of water resources in the inland river basins of Hexi region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2004, 26(1):48-54.[高前兆,李小雁,仵彦卿,等.河西内陆河流域水资源转化分析[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(1): 48-54.]
[9]Liu Changming, Sun Rui. Ecological aspects of water cycle: Advances in soil-vegetation-atmosphere of energy and water fluxes[J].Advances in Water Science,1999,10(3): 251-259.[刘昌明, 孙睿. 水循环的生态学方面:土壤—植被—大气系统水分能量平衡研究进展[J]. 水科学进展, 1999, 10(3):251-259.]
[10]Shen Dajun, Liu Changming. Hydrological and water resources responses to climatic change- A review[J].Geographical Research,1998,17(4):435-443.[沈大军,刘昌明.水文水资源系统对气候变化的响应[J]. 地理研究, 1998, 17(4):435-443.]
[11]Ma Yaoming, Yao Tandong,Wang Jiemin. Experimental study of energy and water cycle in Tibetan plateau—The progress introduction on the study of GAME/Tibet and CAMP/ Tibet[J].Plateau Meteorology,2006, 25(2):344-351.[马耀明,姚檀栋,王介民.青藏高原能量和水循环试验研究——GAME/Tibet与CAMP/ Tibet研究进展[J]. 高原气象,2006, 25(2):344-351.]
[12]Liu Changming. A study of evolutionary laws and maintaining mechanism of renewable capacity of the Yellow River's water resources[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(10): 991-998.[刘昌明.“黄河流域水资源演化规律与可再生性维持机理”研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(10):991-998.]
[13]Ma Zhugou, Fu Congbin, Xie Li,et al.Some problems in the study on the relationship between soil moisture and climatic change[J].Advances in Earth Science,2001,16(4):563-568.[马柱国,符淙斌,谢力,等.土壤湿度和气候变化关系研究中的某些问题[J].地球科学进展, 2001,16(4):563-568.]
[14]Bultot F, Coppens A, Dupriez G L,et al.Repercussions of a CO₂ doubling on the water cycle and on the water balance—A case study for Belgium[J].Journal of Hydrology,1988, 99∶319-347.
[15]Bultot F, Gellens D, Spreafico M,et al.Repercussions of a CO₂ doubling on the water balance—A case study in Switzerland[J].Journal of Hydrology,1992, 137:199-208.
[16]Segal M, Alpert P, Stein U,et al.Some assessment of the potential 2×CO₂ climatic effects on water resources components in the Eastern Mediterranean[J].Climatic Change,1994,27:351-371.
[17]Callaway J M, Currie J W. Water resources systems and changes in climate and vegetation[C]//White M R, ed. Characterization of Information Requirements for Studies of CO₂ Effects—Water Resources, Agriculture, Fish-eries, Forests, and Human Health. US Department of Energy, Washington DC,1985:23-67.
[18]Mu Xingmin, Xu Xuexuan, Wang Wenlong,et al. Impact of artificial forest on soil moisture of the deep soil layer on loess plateau[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(2): 210-217.[穆兴民, 徐学选,王文龙,等.黄土高原人工林对区域深层土壤水环境的影响[J].土壤学报,2003,40(2):210-217.]

[1]	张琪琳, 王占礼, 王栋栋, 刘俊娥. 黄土高原草地植被对土壤侵蚀影响研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(10): 1093-1101.
[2]	李朝柱，张晓，许元斌，饶志国. 黄土高原地区晚中新世以来陆地植被C ₃/C ₄植物相对丰度演化研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(3): 284-291.
[3]	马红梅，孙波，姜苏，安春雷，史贵涛，李院生. 极地冰下生物地球化学过程研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(2): 147-153.
[4]	李宏宇，张强，王胜. 陇中黄土高原夏季陆面辐射和热量特征研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2010, 25(10): 1070-1081.
[5]	张强,胡向军,王胜,刘宏谊,张杰,王润元. 黄土高原陆面过程试验研究(LOPEX)有关科学问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(4): 363-372.
[6]	楚良海,刘文兆,朱元骏,李双江. 黄土高原沟壑区通量数据空间代表性研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(2): 211-218.
[7]	穆兴民，高鹏，巴桑赤烈，张晓萍. 应用流量历时曲线分析黄土高原水利水保措施对河川径流的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(4): 382-389.
[8]	张强，王胜. 关于黄土高原陆面过程及其观测试验研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(2): 167-173.
[9]	任美锷. 黄河的输沙量：过去、现在和将来——距今15万年以来的黄河泥沙收支表[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(6): 551-563.
[10]	杨启国;杨兴国;马鹏里;王润元;刘宏谊. 陇中黄土高原冬季地表辐射和能量平衡特征[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(9): 1012-1021.
[11]	孙秉强;张强;董安祥;陈少勇. 甘肃黄土高原土壤水分气候特征[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(9): 1041-1046.
[12]	康建成;唐述林;刘雷保. 南极海冰与气候[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(7): 786-793.
[13]	李勉;姚文艺;李占斌. 黄土高原草本植被水土保持作用研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(1): 74-080.
[14]	任美锷. 气候变化对全新世以来中国东部政治、经济和社会发展影响的初步研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2004, 19(5): 695-698.
[15]	中国科学院学部. 关于进一步在黄土高原地区贯彻中央退耕还林（草）方针的若干建议[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(2): 168-171.

阅读次数

全文

摘要