西北干旱半干旱区春小麦生长对气候变暖响应的区域差异

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.06.0636

地球科学进展 ›› 2007, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 636 -641. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.06.0636

赵鸿，王润元，王鹤龄，杨启国，邓振镛，肖国举

中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所，甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室，中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室，甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2007-04-05 修回日期:2007-05-22 出版日期:2007-06-10
通讯作者: 赵鸿（1977-），女，甘肃临洮人，硕士，主要从事农业生态、气候变化等方面的研究.E-mail: zhaohonglt@126.com E-mail:zhaohonglt@126.com
基金资助:
科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项“西北农作物对气候变化的响应及其评价方法”(编号：2005DIB3J100);甘肃省自然科学基金项目“气候变暖对甘肃省主要农作物影响研究”（编号：3ZS061-A25-010）；中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所干旱基金共同资助.

Regional Diversity in Response of Spring Wheat Growth on Climate Change in Arid or Semi-arid Areas

ZHAO Hong, WANG Run-yuan, WANG He-ling,YANG Qi-guo, DENG Zhen-yong, XIAO Guo-ju

Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Open Laboratory of Arid Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2007-04-05 Revised:2007-05-22 Online:2007-06-10 Published:2007-06-10

下载PDF ( 1242 )

对分别位于西北特干旱、干旱、半干旱3种主要气候类型区的敦煌、武威（1981—2005年）、定西3个农业气象观测站(1986—2005）年的气候变化对春小麦各个物候期及其产量的影响进行分析，结果显示：不同台站的气候变化模式在时间和空间上都不同，武威和定西的气温增加而降水量减少，气候均呈现暖干化趋势，但前者的变化量大于后者。所不同的是敦煌站的气温和降水量都呈增加趋势。相关分析结果，一方面显示了在不同的气候类型区，影响春小麦生长的主导因子不同，影响敦煌、武威、定西3站春小麦生长期天数和产量的主导气象因子分别为≥0℃积温、日均温、降水量。另一方面也显示了同一气象因子对不同地区作物的影响程度、强度和方向都不同，日均温的增加对不同地区春小麦生长期的负效应表现为武威＞敦煌＞定西；≥0℃积温对春小麦生长期和产量的正效应表现为敦煌＞定西，对武威春小麦的生长期有正影响，而对产量有负影响；降水量对半干旱雨养农业区定西春小麦生长期和产量的正影响最大且极为显著（P＜0.01）；日照时数对不同地区春小麦整个生长期和产量的正影响敦煌＞定西＞武威。气候变化最终导致敦煌站春小麦的产量以8.8 g/（m²·a）的速率显著增加，武威、定西受气候暖干化的影响，春小麦产量分别下降0.3 g/（m²·a）、5.5 g/（m²·a）。造成这些差异的主要原因可能是各地的气候条件不同，其次是各地的栽培条件、田间管理（如灌溉、施肥、病虫害防治）等非气象因子的不同所致，各地作物的生长及产量形成都是气象因子和非气象因子共同作用的结果。

关键词: 区域差异, 响应, 气候变暖, 春小麦 

Using surface observation data of Dunhuang, Wuwei, Dingxi agricultural meteorological stations from 1981(1986) to 2005, where lie in the hyper-arid, arid, semi-arid areas in northwest of China respectively, the impacts and their regional diversities of climate change on spring wheat growth and yields were investigated. The results showed that in about last 20 years or so, the climate change patterns were diverse both spatially and temporally in these stations. The temperature had increased and precipitation had decreased at Wuwei and Dingxi stations, but both of them increased at Dunhuang station. The correlativity analysis also revealed that the dominant factor of influence on spring wheat growth was different. In this study, at Dunhuang, Wuwei, Dingxi stations, the dominant influence factors were ≥0 accumulated temperature, daily mean temperature, and precipitation respectively. On the other hand, the direction, degree and intensity of influence of the same climate factor on crop growth and yields were also distinct in different regions. Owing to climate change, the yields of spring wheat increased significantly by 8.8 g/(m²·a） at Dunhuang station. However, at Wuwei and Dingxi stations, it decreased by 0.3 g/(m²·a）, 5.5g/(m²·a） respectively. These differences could be attributed mainly to the different local climate conditions, secondly to the dissimilar non-climatic factors such as cultivate, management (irrigation, fertilization, disease and pest controlling)etc. The growth and yields in different regions were formed by the joint influence both climatic and non-climatic factors.

Key words: Regional diversity, Response, Climate change, Spring wheat.

中图分类号:

［1］Ye Duzheng, Fu Congbin, Dong Wenjie. Progress and future trends of global change science[J].Advances in Earth Science,2002, 17(4): 467-469.[叶笃正, 符淙斌, 董文杰. 全球变化科学进展与未来趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(4): 467-469. ]
［2］Sun Anjian, Huang Chaoying, Li Kerang,et al. Effects of climate change on development of west region[C]//Qin Dahe, Wang Sumin, Lin Erda,et al. Evaluation of Environment Development in West China(Volume 3). Beijing: Science Press, 2002:1-22.[孙安健, 黄朝迎, 李克让, 等. 气候变化对西部发展的影响[C]//秦大河, 王苏民, 林而达, 等. 中国西部环境演变评估(第三卷). 北京: 科学出版社, 2002:1-22.]
［3］Qin Dahe. Facts, impact, adaptation and mitigation strategy of climate change[J].Bulletin of National Science Foundation of China,2003, 17(1):1-3.[秦大河. 气候变化的事实与影响对策[J]. 中国科学基金, 2003, 17(1):1-3.]
［4］Wang Futang. Impacts of climate change on cropping system and its implication for China[J].Acta Meterologica Sinica,1997,11(4): 407-415.
［5］Lin Erda, Zhang Houxuan, Wang Jinghua,et al.Simulation on Influence of Global Climate Change on Agriculture in China[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Science and Technology Press, 1997.[林而达，王厚瑄，王京华,等.全球气候变化对中国农业影响的模拟[M].北京：中国农业科技出版社, 1997.]
［6］Wang Futang. Climate change and grain production in China[J].China Rural Economics,1996,(11):19-23.[王馥棠. 气候变化与我国的粮食生产[J]. 中国农村经济, 1996,(11): 19-23.]
［7］Wang Futang. Some advances in climate warming impact research in China[J].Acta Meterologica Sinica,2001, 15(4): 498-508.
［8］Gao Suhua, Guo Jianping, Wang Chunyi. The impacts of climatic change on production of drought land crops[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,1995,6(suppl.):16-22.[高素华, 郭建平, 王春乙.气候变化对旱地作物生产的影响[J]. 应用气象学报，1995, 6(增刊): 16-22. ]
［9］Wang R Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y L,et al.Response of corn to climate warming in arid areas in northwest china[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2004,46(12):1 387-1 392.
［10］Wang Runyuan, Zhang Qiang, Yang Xingguo,et al.Response of wheat to climate warming in arid areas in northwest China[J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20(suppl.):197-201.[王润元, 张强, 杨兴国, 等. 西北干旱区春小麦对变暖的响应[J]. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20 (特刊): 197-201. ]
［11］Wang Runyuan, Zhang Qiang, Liu Hongyi,et al.Impact of climate warming on cotton growth in the Hexi corridor area[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2006, 2(1): 40-42.[王润元, 张强, 刘宏谊, 等. 气候变暖对河西走廊棉花生长的影响[J]. 气候变化研究进展,2006, 2(1): 40-42. ]
［12］Zhao Hong, Xiao Guoju, Wang Runyuan,et al.Impact of climate change on spring wheat growth in semi-arid rain feed region[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(3):322-327.[赵鸿,肖国举,王润元,等.气候变化对半干旱雨养农业区春小麦生长的影响[J]. 地球科学进展,2007,22(3):322-327.]
［13］Li Dongliang, Wei Li, Cai Ying,et al.The present facts and future tendency of climate change in northern China [J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2003, 25(2):135-142.[李栋梁, 魏丽, 蔡英, 等. 中国西北现代气候变化事实与未来趋势展望[J]. 冰川冻土, 2003,25(2): 135-142. ]
［14］Lin Shu, Lu Dengrong. Climatic change characteristics of precipitation in Gansu province in recent 40 years[J].Plateau Meteorology,2004, 23(6):898-904.[林纾, 陆登荣. 近40年来甘肃省降水量的变化特征[J]. 高原气象, 2004, 23(6):898-904.]
［15］Ding Yihui, Ren Guoyu, Shi Guangyu,et al.National assessment report of climate change(I): Climate change in China and its future trend[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2006,2(1)：3-8.[丁一汇,任国玉,石广玉,等.气候变化国家评估报告(I):中国气候变化的历史和未来趋势[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2006,2(1)：3-8.]
［16］Fulu Tao, Masayuki Yokozawa, Yinlong Xu,et al.Climate changes and trends in phenology and yields of field crops in China, 1981-2000[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,138: 82-92.

[1]	顾菊, 张勇, 刘时银, 王欣. 青藏高原冰川底部滑动估算方法研究：进展、问题与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(3): 307-316.
[2]	王飞, 陶宇, 欧维新. 景观格局变化的水质净化服务响应关系研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(1): 17-28.
[3]	龙上敏,刘秦玉,郑小童,程旭华,白学志,高臻. 南大洋海温长期变化研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(9): 962-977.
[4]	陈科贵, 李进, 黄长兵, 陈愿愿, 王刚, 刘阳. BP神经网络在富钾卤水中的应用研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(6): 614-622.
[5]	田壮才, 郭秀军, 余乐, 贾永刚, 张少同, 乔路正. 内孤立波悬浮海底沉积物研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(2): 166-178.
[6]	陈科贵, 吴刘磊, 陈愿愿, 王刚. 基于支持向量机的川中杂卤石分类识别研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(10): 1041-1046.
[7]	李育, 朱耿睿. 三大自然区过渡地带近50年来气候类型变化及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(7): 791-801.
[8]	张强, 马芳, 王莺, 宋连春, 马鹏里. 浅论气候容量及其对气候安全风险管理的作用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(6): 709-714.
[9]	张兆永, 吉力力 , 阿不都外力, 姜逢清. 天山山地表层土壤重金属的污染评价及生态风险分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(5): 608-616.
[10]	魏柱灯, 方修琦, 苏筠, 萧凌波. 过去2 000年气候变化对中国经济与社会发展影响研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(3): 336-343.
[11]	芮晓庆, 刘传联, 李志明. 颗石藻室内培养及应用研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(11): 1303-1313.
[12]	张强, 韩兰英, 张立阳, 王劲松. 论气候变暖背景下干旱和干旱灾害风险特征与管理策略[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(1): 80-91.
[13]	肖子牛, 钟琦, 尹志强, 周立旻, 宋燕, 韩延本, 黄聪, 潘静, 赵亮. 太阳活动年代际变化对现代气候影响的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(12): 1335-1348.
[14]	周洪建，孙业红. 气候变化背景下灾害移民的政策响应[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(5): 573-580.
[15]	邓振镛，张强，王润元，赵鸿，徐金芳，刘明春，赵红岩，姚玉璧. 农作物主要病虫害对甘肃气候暖干化的响应及应对技术的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(11): 1281-1287.

阅读次数

全文

摘要