气候变化背景下灾害移民的政策响应

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.05.0573

地球科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 573 -580. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.05.0573

气候变化背景下灾害移民的政策响应

周洪建 ¹，孙业红 ²

1.民政部国家减灾中心，北京100124； 2.北京联合大学旅游学院，北京100101

收稿日期:2011-10-24 修回日期:2012-03-23 出版日期:2012-05-10
通讯作者: 周洪建(1980-)，男，山东新泰人，助理研究员，主要从事灾害评估与风险管理方面研究. E-mail:zhouhj_bnu@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“区域农业旱灾适应性评价模型和风险防范模式研究”（编号：41171402）；中英瑞（士）项目“中国适应气候变化”（编号：ACCCNDRCC）资助.

Policy Responses to Disaster-Induced Migration in a Changing Climate—Adjustment of Disaster-Induced Migration Policies based on “Regional 

Zhou Hongjian ¹, Sun Yehong ²

1.National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Ministry of Civil Affairs100124, China;2. Institution of Tourism Institute, Beijing Union University100101, China

Received:2011-10-24 Revised:2012-03-23 Online:2012-05-10 Published:2012-05-10

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简要介绍了2011年9月15~16日在菲律宾马尼拉召开的“亚太气候（灾害）移民政策响应”地区会议，并着重阐述了当前国际灾害移民领域的重要进展和发展趋向，结合气候变化背景下中国重特大自然灾害移民案例，初步提出了气候变化背景下灾害移民的政策响应。区分渐发性、突发性灾害，综合“自上而下”与“自下而上”的工作方式，建立“政府—企业—社区/个人”协同合作机制，形成区域内—外合作，统筹短期安置与长远发展的灾害移民政策。所提的灾害移民响应政策综合多时空、多方法、多要素，可为气候变化背景下提升中国综合灾害风险防范能力，最大限度地降低灾害损失提供重要参考。

关键词: 灾害移民, 政策响应, 综合风险, 气候变化

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to “Regional conference on policy responses to climate-induced migration in Asia and Pacific”, which was held in Manila, the Philippine on September 15 and 16, 2011. Then in terms of the conference content, the newly significant progress, development trends of international disaster-induced migration (DIM), and relationship between DIM and regional disaster risk are analyzed comprehensively. Combining with the facts of the climate change in China and DIM cases in recent years, consisting of DIM due to the Zhouqu Flash Flood and Landslide disaster on 8 August, 2010 and drought disaster in Southern and middle of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the policy responses of DIM in a changing climate are also put forward. These adjustments consist of four aspects. ① Distinguishing multi-hazard, coordinate the DIM based on the characteristics of sudden and low-onset hazards and establish the policy focusing on both emergency evacuation and resettlement and immigration from the places with the high level of disaster risk. ② Integrating multi-method framework, establish new conceptual model of DIM combining “top-down” and “bottom-up” methodologies; and the former model is the government-oriented policy, in which the migrants or communities usually did not take part or only few of them participated; while the latter model is the community-oriented policy, and the desire and activeness of migrants play an important role in the process of migration. ③ Across the multi-sector, establish the cooperation mechanism of “Government-CorporateCommunity / Personal partnership”, meaning the “Public-Private Partnership (PPP)”, and all of them are the key stakeholders and play different roles in the process of migration. ④ Syncretizing multi-scale, form the DIM from the perspectives of inter-region and intra-region cooperation, long-term and short-term coexistence; and the inter-region migration cooperation is scarce in many cases now. The difference between the long-and short-term policies is that the former is due to the disaster risk and the later is due to the disasters. These proposed policies and conceptual models could provide an important reference in the process of enhancing the capacity of integrated disaster risk governance and minimizing disaster losses in China and other countries or regions with high sensitive to global climate change.

Key words: Disaster-induced migration, Policy response, Integrated risk, Climate change.

中图分类号:

X43
P467

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