地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 573 -580. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2012.05.0573

全球变化研究 上一篇    下一篇

气候变化背景下灾害移民的政策响应
周洪建 1，孙业红 2   
  1. 1.民政部国家减灾中心，北京100124； 2.北京联合大学旅游学院，北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2011-10-24 修回日期:2012-03-23 出版日期:2012-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 周洪建(1980-)，男，山东新泰人，助理研究员，主要从事灾害评估与风险管理方面研究. E-mail:zhouhj_bnu@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目“区域农业旱灾适应性评价模型和风险防范模式研究”（编号：41171402）；中英瑞（士）项目“中国适应气候变化”（编号：ACCCNDRCC）资助.

Policy Responses to Disaster-Induced Migration in a Changing Climate—Adjustment of Disaster-Induced Migration Policies based on “Regional 

Zhou Hongjian 1, Sun Yehong 2   

  1. 1.National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Ministry of Civil Affairs100124, China;2. Institution of Tourism Institute, Beijing Union University100101, China
  • Received:2011-10-24 Revised:2012-03-23 Online:2012-05-10 Published:2012-05-10
下载PDF ( 1900 )

简要介绍了2011年9月15~16日在菲律宾马尼拉召开的“亚太气候（灾害）移民政策响应”地区会议，并着重阐述了当前国际灾害移民领域的重要进展和发展趋向，结合气候变化背景下中国重特大自然灾害移民案例，初步提出了气候变化背景下灾害移民的政策响应。区分渐发性、突发性灾害，综合“自上而下”与“自下而上”的工作方式，建立“政府—企业—社区/个人”协同合作机制，形成区域内—外合作，统筹短期安置与长远发展的灾害移民政策。所提的灾害移民响应政策综合多时空、多方法、多要素，可为气候变化背景下提升中国综合灾害风险防范能力，最大限度地降低灾害损失提供重要参考。

关键词: 灾害移民, 政策响应, 综合风险, 气候变化

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to “Regional conference on policy responses to climate-induced migration in Asia and Pacific”, which was held in Manila, the Philippine on September 15 and 16, 2011. Then in terms of the conference content, the newly significant progress, development trends of international disaster-induced migration (DIM), and relationship between DIM and regional disaster risk are analyzed comprehensively. Combining with the facts of the climate change in China and DIM cases in recent years, consisting of DIM due to the Zhouqu Flash Flood and Landslide disaster on 8 August, 2010 and drought disaster in Southern and middle of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the policy responses of DIM in a changing climate are also put forward. These adjustments consist of four aspects. ① Distinguishing multi-hazard, coordinate the DIM based on the characteristics of sudden and low-onset hazards and establish the policy focusing on both emergency evacuation and resettlement and immigration from the places with the high level of disaster risk. ② Integrating multi-method framework, establish new conceptual model of DIM combining “top-down” and “bottom-up” methodologies; and the former model is the government-oriented policy, in which the migrants or communities usually did not take part or only few of them participated; while the latter model is the community-oriented policy, and the desire and activeness of migrants play an important role in the process of migration. ③ Across the multi-sector, establish the cooperation mechanism of “Government-CorporateCommunity / Personal partnership”, meaning the “Public-Private Partnership (PPP)”, and all of them are the key stakeholders and play different roles in the process of migration. ④ Syncretizing multi-scale, form the DIM from the perspectives of inter-region and intra-region cooperation, long-term  and short-term coexistence; and the inter-region migration cooperation is scarce in many cases now. The difference between the long-and short-term policies is that the former is due to the disaster risk and the later is due to the disasters. These proposed policies and conceptual models could provide an important reference in the process of enhancing the capacity of integrated disaster risk governance and minimizing disaster losses in China and other countries or regions with high sensitive to global climate change.

Key words: Disaster-induced migration, Policy response, Integrated risk, Climate change.

中图分类号: 

[1]Hu Angang, Guan Qingyou. Fighting global climate change: China′s contribution[J]. Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies,2008,(4): 7-25.[胡鞍钢，管清友．应对全球气候变化：中国的贡献——兼评托尼·布莱尔《打破气候变化僵局：低碳未来的全球协议》报告[J]．当代亚太，2008，（4）：7-25.]
[2]Zou Ming, Yuan Yi, Liao Yongfeng, et al. Integrated Risk Governance: China Integrated Natural Disaster Relief System[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2011: 2-10.[邹铭，袁艺，廖永丰，等．综合风险防范：中国综合自然灾害救助保障体系[M]．北京：科学出版社，2011：2-10.]
[3]Qin Dahe. Responding to global climate change and assisting to extreme climate disasters [J].Qiushi, 2007, (8): 51-53.[秦大河．应对全球气候变化 抵御极端气候灾害[J]．求是，2007，（8）：51-53.]
[4]Shi Peijun. Atlas of Natural Disaster Risk in China [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2011: 136-142.[史培军.中国自然灾害风险地图集[M]．北京：科学出版社，2011：136-142.]
[5]Wang Jing′ai, Shi Peijun, Hao Lu, et al. Ecological education migration in regional sustainable development[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences), 2008, （4）: 139-145. [王静爱，史培军，郝璐，等．区域可持续发展中的生态教育移民[J]．北京师范大学学报:社会科学版，2008，（4）：139-145.]
[6]Pan Jiahua, Zheng Yan, Bo Xu. New alarm: Climate induced migration[J]. World Knowledge, 2011, (9): 61-63.[潘家华，郑艳，薄旭．拉响新警报：气候移民[J].世界知识，2011，（9）：61-63.]
[7]Jia Zhijun, Xu Maojie. Practice of ecological migration in Shanxi province[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2004, (5): 112-120.[贾志军，徐茂杰.山西省实施生态移民的实践[J]．中国水土保持，2004，（5）：112-120.]
[8]Cang Ming. Ecological migration problem in the Karst and high and cold mountainous areas of southern China[J]. Nationalties Research in Qinghai, 2006, 17(3): 146-149. [苍铭．南方喀斯特山地及高寒山区生态移民问题略论[J].青海民族研究，2006，17（3）：146-149.]
[9]Qiao Jun. Rights guarantee of eco-migration in three rivers source[J]. Ascent, 2006, 25(3): 35-38.[乔军．对三江源生态移民权利保障的思考[J].攀登，2006，25（3）：35-38.]
[10]ADB (Asian Development Bank). Policy Options to Support Climate-Induced Migration[DB/OL]. http:∥www.adb.org/projects/project.asp?id=43181,2011.
[11]ADB (Asian Development Bank). Climate Change and Migration in Asia and Pacific (Draft Edition)[DB/OL].  http:∥beta.adb.org/news/events/regional-conference-policy-responses-climate-induced-migration-asia-and-pacific,2011.
[12]Center of Climate Change, China Meteorological Administration. China Climate Change Bulletin in 2011[DB/OL]. http:∥wenku.baidu. com/view/ee6131086 c85ec3a87c2c553.html,2011.[中国气象局气候变化中心．2011年中国气候变化监测公报[DB/OL]．http:∥wenku.baidu.com/view/ee6131086c85ec3a87c2c553.html,2011.]
[13]China State Council. General Planning of Post-Zhouqu Recovery and Reconstruction[DB/OL].  http:∥www.gov.cn/zwgk/2010-11/10/ content_1742124.htm,2010-11-04.[国务院．舟曲灾后恢复重建总体规划[DB/OL]. http:∥www.gov.cn/zwgk/2010-11/10/ content_1742124.htm,2010-11-04.]
[14]Luo Qiangqiang, Yang Guolin. Experiences and results of aiding the poor by migration in Ningxia[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2009, 30(5): 575-578.[罗强强，杨国林．宁夏移民扶贫开发的经验和效果[J]．农业现代化研究，2009，30（5）：575-578.]
[15]Shi Peijun. Theory on disaster science and disaster dynamic[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2002, 11(3): 1-9.[史培军．三论灾害研究的理论与实践[J].自然灾害学报，2002，11（3）：1-9.]
[16]Shi Guoqing, Zheng Ruiqiang, Zhou Jian. Rights guarantee of disaster induced migrants and governments′ responsibility: A case study of Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Research Social Science, 2008, (6): 37-43.[施国庆，郑瑞强，周建．灾害移民权益保障与政府责任——以5·12汶川大地震为例[J].社会科学研究，2008，（6）：37-43.]
[17]China State Council. Major Function-Oriented Zone Planning in China[DB/OL]. http:∥www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.htm,2010.12.21.[国务院．全国主体功能区规划——构建高效、协调、可持续的国土空间开发格局[DB/OL]．http:∥www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.htm,2010.12.21.]
[1] 单薪蒙, 温家洪, 王军, 胡恒智. 深度不确定性下的灾害风险稳健决策方法评述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 911-921.
[2] 段伟利, 邹珊, 陈亚宁, 李稚, 方功焕. 1879－ 2015年巴尔喀什湖水位变化及其主要影响因素分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 950-961.
[3] 王澄海, 张晟宁, 张飞民, 李课臣, 杨凯. 论全球变暖背景下中国西北地区降水增加问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 980-989.
[4] 王慧,张璐,石兴东,李栋梁. 2000年后青藏高原区域气候的一些新变化[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 785-796.
[5] 田凤云,吴成来,张贺,林朝晖. 基于 CAS-ESM2的青藏高原蒸散发的模拟与预估[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 797-809.
[6] 王军, 李梦雅, 吴绍洪. 多灾种综合风险评估与防范的理论认知：风险防范“五维”范式[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(6): 553-563.
[7] 张子洋, 闫明, MULVANEY Robert, 季峻峰, 效存德, 刘雷保, 安春雷. 东南极 LGB69冰芯 1712— 2001年气温变化记录的初步研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(2): 172-184.
[8] 崔林丽, 史军, 杜华强. 植被物候的遥感提取及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(1): 9-16.
[9] 龙上敏,刘秦玉,郑小童,程旭华,白学志,高臻. 南大洋海温长期变化研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(9): 962-977.
[10] 王军,江琴. 长江经济带多灾种综合风险评价与防范的思考[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(8): 816-825.
[11] 蔡运龙. 生态问题的社会经济检视[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(7): 742-749.
[12] 萧凌波. 1736— 1911年华北饥荒的时空分布及其与气候、灾害、收成的关系[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(5): 478-487.
[13] 熊建国, 李有利, 张培震. 夷平面研究新进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(4): 378-388.
[14] 武登云, 任治坤, 吕红华, 刘金瑞, 哈广浩, 张弛, 朱孟浩. 冲积扇形态与沉积特征及其动力学控制因素：进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(4): 389-403.
[15] 胡利民,石学法,叶君,张钰莹. 北极东西伯利亚陆架沉积有机碳的源汇过程研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(10): 1073-1086.
阅读次数
全文


摘要

网站版权所有 © 《地球科学进展》编辑部
地址：甘肃省兰州市天水中路8号
QQ：114723517
电话：0931-8762293　E-mail：adearth@lzb.ac.cn
陇ICP备2021001824号-5　 甘公网安备62010202000687