冰期出露的巽他陆架:重要的陆地碳储库?

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.11.1157

冰期旋回中的碳循环是一个复杂的地球系统科学问题。尽管取得了很大进展,但是定量精细的循环过程仍未解决。其中一个重要的限制因素就是对于陆地生物圈碳储库及其变化的估算尚存在很大的不确定性。位于热带东南亚的巽他群岛是当今陆地生物量最丰富的三大热带森林区之一,对全球陆地生物圈碳储库有重要贡献。在冰期海平面下降时临近的巽他陆架出露成陆地,使得该区域陆地面积增大1倍。出露陆架上的植被状况有可能对冰期旋回中的碳循环产生重要影响。对冰期旋回时的碳循环进行了介绍和讨论,认为应加强对冰期巽他陆架地区古气候和古生态的研究,为定量分析和模拟冰期旋回中的碳循环提供关键数据。

关键词: 巽他陆架, 碳循环, 冰期旋回, 生物量

The glacial-interglacial carbon cycle is a complex scientific issue of the earth system. Although many progresses have been made, it is still far from being solved. Among others, an important limiting factor is the great uncertainty in the carbon stock in the terrestrial carbon reservoir. The present Sunda Islands are one of the three tropical forest areas with most abundant terrestrial carbon biomass and contribute greatly to the global terrestrial carbon reservoir. During the glacial low stands, the adjacent Sunda Shelf was exposed and led to a doubled land area. The scenario of terrestrial vegetation, which is not well understood, on the exposed land is probably a key factor to the global carbon cycle. Thus, a comprehensive paleoclimate and paleoecology study for the area is appealed, which may provide key data to quantitative analysis and modelling of the global glacial-interglacial carbon cycles.

Key words: Sunda shelf, Carbon cycle, Glacial cycle, Biomass

图1 巽他群岛与巽他陆架

Fig 1 The Sunda Islands and Sunda Shelf

表1 全新世(工业革命前)与末次盛冰期地球表层系统碳储量的比较 (据参考文献[6]修改)

Table 1 Comparison of carbon stocks in the Earth surface system between the pre-industral Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (modified after reference[ 6 ])

时代	碳储量/Pg C
时代	陆地生物圈	海洋	大气
全新世(工业革命前)	3 970±325	36 830±170	593±2
末次盛冰期	3 640±400	37 350±400	399±2

表1 全新世(工业革命前)与末次盛冰期地球表层系统碳储量的比较 (据参考文献[6]修改)

Table 1 Comparison of carbon stocks in the Earth surface system between the pre-industral Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (modified after reference[ 6 ])

时代	碳储量/Pg C
时代	陆地生物圈	海洋	大气
全新世(工业革命前)	3 970±325	36 830±170	593±2
末次盛冰期	3 640±400	37 350±400	399±2

图2 由Biome4模型重建的末次冰期旋回中的陆地净初级生产力变化(据参考文献[15]修改)

Fig 2 Net primary production throughout the last glacial cycle derived from the Biome4 model-based reconstructions (modified after reference[ 15 ])

图3 马来群岛地区泥炭地(图中深灰色区域)的分布(来源: http://blogs.helsinki.fi/jyjauhia/ )

Fig 3 Peat land (dark gray) distribution on the Malay Islands (Source: http://blogs.helsinki.fi/jyjauhia/ )

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摘要

Exposed Sunda Shelf During the Glacial Times: An Important Component of the Terrestrial Carbon Reservoir?