地球科学进展 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 819 -827. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.07.0819

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川西地区中二叠统—中三叠统古生态研究
肖传桃( ), 龚丽, 梁文君   
  1. 长江大学油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430100
  • 出版日期:2014-07-10
  • 基金资助:
    全国油气资源战略选区调查与评价国家专项“四川西部海相二叠系—三叠系层序地层与岩相古地理”(编号:2009QYXQ09)资助

Research on Paleoecology of Middle Permian-Middle Triassic in the Western Sichuan Basin

Chuantao Xiao( ), Li Gong, Wenjun Liang   

  1. Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100,China
  • Online:2014-07-10 Published:2014-07-10

研究区内二叠系—三叠系生物化石较丰富,门类有腕足类、蜓类、珊瑚、菊石、牙形石、双壳类及有孔虫等。这些生物门类明显受沉积环境控制。对研究区内中二叠统—中三叠统的古生物化石进行了详细的分析和埋藏特征研究,根据生物化石在时间与空间上的组合特征,将研究区中二叠统—中三叠统生物群划分为17个生物群落,并论述了各群落的组成、结构和环境特征。研究表明,不同生态类型的群落其分布的地理位置有一定差异,主要体现在以下2个大的区块,即分别分布于研究区的主体区块和其边缘区块,前者以底栖固着型为特征,后者以游泳型及底栖游移型为特征。根据化石群落与沉积特征的组合情况,识别出6种类型的生物相,并总结了其生物相模式,阐述了各生物相中的生物类别、生态类型、典型群落以及对应的沉积相等特征。化石群落的划分和分析对于四川盆地二叠纪—三叠纪的古环境、古地理及其演化的研究具有一定的意义,生物相的研究对于研究区古生物地理学和古板块构造的恢复具有一定的意义。

The research area is located in the western part of Sichuan basin as a Yangtze ecotope of Cathaysian Tethyan area. It is dominated by benthic fauna, including brachiopods, Fusulinids, corals, bivalves, foraminifers, ammonites, bryozoans,Crinoids and pleopods which are less common with traces of trilobites, stromatoporas, nautilus and sporopollens seen in one or two areas,which are obviously controlled by sedimentary environments and in accordance with sedimentary facies.Through the analysis of fossils and research on burial characteristics from middle PermianmiddleTriassic, based on the combination of the feature of fossils in time and space, seventeen communities are recognized, the coposition, construction and palaeoenvironment of each community are expounded. Study shows that different ecological type biocoenose are distributed in different locations, which are mainly represented by sessile benthic community in the main research area, composed of Mianzhu, Mianyang, Deyang and Santai and nektonic community in marginal areas in the research area subdivided into two parts: Areas around Guangyuan-Nanjiang-Tongjiang, located at the margins in the northeast of the research area, and areas around Wenchuan-Maoxian-Dayidafeishui situated at the western borders of the research area. According to the combination of communities with sedimentary characteristics,six kinds of biofacies have been recognized and described in the study area and biofacies pattern are established. Category,ecotype, typical community and sedimentary facies of each biofacies are elucidated in this paper. The subdivision and analysis of community are meaningful for the studies of paleoenvironment ,paleogeography and their evolutions,The research of biaofacies is important for the recovery of paleobiogeography and paleoplate tectonic characteristics.

中图分类号: 

表1 川西地区二叠—三叠纪地层序列
Table 1 Stratigraphic sequence of PermianTriassic in Western Sichuan basin
地层代号 地层厚度/m 岩 性 简 述
中<br/><br/>生<br/><br/>界 三<br/><br/><br/>叠<br/><br/><br/>系 上统 须家河组 五段 T3x5 345~715 粉砂质泥岩夹岩屑砂岩
四段 T3x4 489~580 长石石英砂岩夹粉砂岩
三段 T3x3 280~582 粉砂质泥岩、夹粉砂质泥岩
二段 T3x2 51~238 泥质粉砂岩及泥岩
小塘子组 T3t 0~217 砂岩为主,含粉砂岩、粘土岩
马鞍塘组 垮洪洞组 T3m T3k 0~37 灰色钙质泥岩与生物灰岩、泥灰岩互层,上部为粉砂质泥岩
中统 天井山组 T2t 0~373 灰色灰岩,下部夹云质灰岩
雷口坡组 四段 T2l4 34~590 浅灰色白云岩夹薄层石膏
三段 T2l4 84~451 浅灰色粉晶云岩、粉晶灰岩
二段 T2l2 54~284 浅灰色微晶云岩、泥质云岩
一段 T2l1 21~115 浅灰色粉晶云岩、含灰质云岩
下统 嘉陵江组 五段 T1j5 49~270 灰褐色白云岩及灰岩、石膏质云岩、鲕状灰岩夹石膏层
四段 T1j4
三段 T1j3 13~297 粉晶灰岩夹灰质云岩
二段 T1j2 36~160 灰色粉晶云岩、云质灰岩
一段 T1j1 47~269 灰色泥晶灰岩、泥质粉砂岩
飞仙关组 四段 T1f4 100~350 凝灰质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩
三段 T1f3 微晶灰岩、鲕粒灰岩夹粉砂岩
二段 T1f2 47~232 粉砂质页岩夹泥岩
一段 T1f1 64~149 细粉晶灰岩、泥质灰岩
古生界 二<br/><br/>叠<br/><br/>系<br/><br/> 上统 长兴组 大隆组 P2c P2d 50~250 灰色生物灰岩;硅质泥页岩
龙潭组 吴家坪组 P2l P2w 50~200 砂岩、粘土岩、黑色碳质页岩夹灰岩、煤层;灰岩及硅质页岩
峨眉山玄武岩组 P1β 玄武岩为主,底部含煤碎屑岩
中统 茅口组 P1m 140~340 生物碎屑灰岩夹泥灰岩
栖霞组 P1q 90~210 灰色灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩
梁山组 P1l 0~20 深灰色泥岩、泥灰岩
下统 马平组 C2mp 0~495 灰、浅灰色厚-块状云岩、灰质云岩、生物碎屑灰岩
表2 研究区主要生物群落
Table 2 The major biocommunities of the study area
图1 底栖固着型群落
Fig.1 The sessile benthic community
图2 底栖移动型群落
Fig.2 The benthic active communities
表3 研究区中二叠世—中三叠世生物相模式及特征
Table 3 The biofacies pattern and characteristics of Middle Permian-Middle Triassic in study area
生物相类型 内缓坡底栖<br/>型生物相 外缓坡底栖<br/>型生物相 开阔台地底栖型生物相 陆棚斜坡底栖型生物相 深水盆地游泳型生物相 局限台地底栖型生物相
生物类别 腕足、蜓类、<br/>珊瑚 腕足、蜓类、珊瑚 腕足类、蜓类、珊瑚、双壳类、有孔虫、<br/>腹足类 蜓类、珊瑚、腕足类、<br/>有孔虫 菊石 双壳类、腕足、菊石、有孔虫、层孔虫
生态类型 底栖固着型50% 底栖移动型50% 底栖固着型50%<br/>底栖移动型50% 底栖型100% 底栖型100% 游泳型100% 底栖型100%
典型群落 Hayasakaia、<br/>Verbeekina、<br/>Hayasakaia - <br/> Misellina 、<br/>Neoschwagerina- <br/> Verbeekina,<br/>Tyloplecta <br/>群落 Verbeekina -Pseudodoliolina 群落 Dictyoclostus、<br/>Oldhamina、<br/>Claraia -<br/> Ammodiscus、<br/>Glomospira <br/>群落 Codonofusiella、Palaeofusulina<br/>群落 Altudoceras <br/>群落 Eumorphotis<br/>Glomospira- <br/> Ammodiscus,<br/>Glomospira,<br/>Entolium- <br/> Lituotuba<br/> 群落
产化石岩性 厚层块状灰岩 厚层块状灰岩、含燧石结核 厚层块状灰岩、紫红色薄层泥灰岩 黑色燧石灰岩、中厚层微晶灰岩 黑色硅质岩 白云岩为主、<br/>白云质灰岩、
对应沉积相 内缓坡相 外缓坡相 开阔台地相 陆棚斜坡相 深水盆地相 局限台地相
层位 栖霞组、茅口组 茅口组 吴家坪组、<br/>长兴组、<br/>飞仙关组 吴家坪组、<br/>长兴组 大隆组 嘉陵江组、雷口坡组
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