雪冰中生物质燃烧记录研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.06.0662

生物质燃烧释放的大量温室气体和烟尘气溶胶能够显著改变大气化学组成、扰动大气环流和水文过程、影响地表辐射平衡,是地球气候和环境过程的主要影响因素之一。生物质燃烧产生的烟尘颗粒等能够随大气环流过程进行迁移输送,在重力作用下或随降水过程沉降到地球表面,成为沉积物地球化学的重要组成部分。雪冰中诸如黑碳、钾离子、左旋葡聚糖等特征标志物记录能够较好地反映区域乃全球尺度的生物质燃烧信息。利用雪冰开展生物质燃烧现代过程和历史记录的研究对系统认识地球气候环境演变过程具有重要意义。从雪冰中可用于开展生物质燃烧记录研究的特征指标、不同地区的研究现状以及生物质燃烧的影响因素等方面综述了近20年来国内外的主要研究成果。并对当前在青藏高原地区利用雪冰开展生物质燃烧记录研究存在的主要问题以及未来研究工作的重点进行了探讨。

关键词: 森林和草原火灾, 青藏高原, 冰芯, 冰川, 生物质燃烧

Biomass burning releases large amount of greenhouse gases and smoke particles. Biomass burning emissions can change atmospheric chemicals, perturb atmospheric circulations and hydrological cycle, and impact radiation balance of earth system. Biomass burning is one of the main factors for earth climate and environmental process. Biomass burning emissions can be transported long-distance by atmospheric circulations, and finally be deposited on earth surface by gravity or by wet deposition. Biomass burning aerosols can be important compositions in sediment geochemistry. Biomarkers such as Black carbon, Potassium and Levoglucosan in snow and ice can be used to study biomass burning records on regional and global scale. Study on the modern process and historical records of biomass burning records in snow and ice can help us understand about global climate and environmental change process systematically. A review about the study progress on biomass burning in snow and ice for past 20 years was reported. This review mainly concerns about aspects of available proxies, main achievements in different regions and influences factors of biomass burning. The shortage of current studies for biomass burning history in Tibetan Plateau snow and ice records are summarized and main prospects for future studies are put for word.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau., Forest and savanna fires, Ice core, Glacier, Biomass burning

中图分类号:

P343.6

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Research Progress on Biomass Burning Records in Snow and Ice