地球科学进展 ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 598 -607. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.06.0598

所属专题: 极端天气

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

山区流域高盖度斜坡对极端降雨事件的地下水响应
徐则民 1, 2,黄润秋 2   
  1. 1.昆明理工大学土木系,云南昆明650500;
    2.地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610059
  • 收稿日期:2010-10-12 修回日期:2011-03-07 出版日期:2011-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 徐则民 E-mail:abc5100@188.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金—云南联合基金重点项目“植被发育斜坡对强降雨过程的地下水响应机制及其灾害效应”(编号:U1033601);国家自然科学基金项目“斜坡非饱和带低渗透岩石结构体风化前锋扩展过程研究”(编号:40772189);地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室开放基金项目“白鹤滩水电站坝址区河谷演化过程及机理研究”(编号:GZ2009-10)资助.

The Response of the Groundwater in Vegetated Slopes in Mountainous Catchments to Heavy Rain Events

Xu Zemin 1, 2,  Huang Runqiu 2   

  1. 1.Department of Civil Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, China;
    2.State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu610059, China
  • Received:2010-10-12 Revised:2011-03-07 Online:2011-06-10 Published:2011-06-10

受到日益加剧的全球变暖趋势的强力驱动,极端降雨及与之相伴的山区流域植被发育斜坡的群发性失稳事件在包括中国在内的多山国家的发生频率越来越高,因此对这一问题的深入研究具有重大的现实意义。到目前为止,降雨—滑坡领域的现有研究成果主要集中在并无成因联系的降雨事件与滑坡事件之间的相互关系及斜坡岩土体水岩相互作用方面,而降雨→滑坡过程链的基础环节——降雨向地下水转化方面的研究成果无论对渗透介质还是渗透过程的刻画精度都还不高。天然斜坡对强降雨的地下水响应大多都是有植物、动物及其生命活动产物共同参与的复杂水文学—水文地质学过程,相关领域的积累还不能覆盖这一过程的核心机理。深入调查山区流域植被发育斜坡对强降雨事件的地下水响应机制不仅可以为斜坡灾害的预报—预警提供更为明晰的理论支撑,而且对于地下水诱发滑坡理论的深化与发展也是重要的。

Because of the ever-increasing global warming,the frequency of extreme rainfall and regional group slope failure events following the heavy rains in mountainous vegetated areas are getting higher and higher. An in-depth research of this problem is not only of great practical significance to landslide susceptibility assessment, but also of an extensive multidisciplinary theoretical value. The existing research achievements in relative fields mainly focused on the interrelation between rainfall events and landslide events, which are no genetic correlation, as well as the aspect of water-rock interaction in slope rockmass and soilmass。But the basic link of rainfall-landslide process chain — the transformation of rainfall into groundwater has received much less attention whether in permeable medium or in the penetration process. The response of groundwater in natural slopes to heavy rainfall is a complicated hydrologic-hydrogeologic process, which involves plants, animals and their life activities. The existing research accumulation in relevant fields provides realistic basis and certain theory reserves for investigating this problem, but it can not cover the kernel mechanism of the process yet. Probing "The response of the groundwater in vegetated slopes in mountainous catchments to heavy rain events" could provide  slope hazard warning and prediction with a more clearly  theoretical support, and it is also important for deepening the theory of landslides caused by groundwater.

中图分类号: 

[1]Dehn M, Bürger G, Buma J, et al. Impact of climate change on slope stability using expanded downscaling[J]. Engineering Geology, 2000, 55(3): 193-204.
[2]IPCC. Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. A Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[R].Watson R T, et al,eds. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA:Cambridge University Press, 2001.
[3]Zhao Ling, Wang Linfeng, Wang Li. Contrast analysis of two severe convective weather processes[J]. Meteorological Monthly,2005, 31(11): 69-73.
[赵玲, 王林凤, 王利. 两次不同性质强降雨的对比分析[J].气象, 2005, 31(11): 69-73.]
[4]IPCC. Climate Change 2007: The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[EB/OL]. http:www.ipcc.ch/,2010.
[5]Turner N J, Clifton H. “It′s so different today”: Climate change and indigenous lifeways in British Columbia, Canada[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2009,19(2):180-190.
[6]Zhang Yongshuang,Wu Shuren, Zhao Yue,et al. Formation mechanism of debris flow on the Tongmuyuan slope and its early warming index—A case study of the hard rain process on March 31,2003 in Badong county,Hubei province[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 2003, 22(10): 833-838.[张永双, 吴树仁, 赵越,等. 湖北省巴东县桐木园山坡型泥石流的形成机理及预警指标——以2003-03-31强降雨过程为例[J]. 地质通报, 2003, 22(10): 833-838.]
[7]Corominas J, Moya J. A review of assessing landslide frequency for hazard zoning purposes[J]. Engineering Geology, 2008, 102(3): 193-213.
[8]Rong Guan, Wang Sijing, Wang Enzhi, et al. Stability analysis of Yuanmo highway slope under intensive rainfall[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,(4): 704-711.[荣冠, 王思敬, 王恩志,等. 强降雨下元磨公路典型工程边坡稳定性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学, 2008,(4): 704-711.]
[9]Jakob M, Lambert S. Climate change effects on landslides along the southwest coast of British Columbia[J]. Geomorphology,2009, 107(3): 275-284.
[10]Ju Huiyang, Gu Renjie. China regional characteristics and environmental factors landslide[C]Sun Yuke, Wang Chenghua, Liu Guangdai, et al,eds. Paper on Landslide. Chengdu: Press of Sichuan Science and Technology, 1989:12-18.[居恢杨, 顾仁杰. 中国滑坡区域特征及其环境因素分析[C]孙玉科, 王成华, 刘光代,等编. 滑坡论文选集. 成都: 四川科学技术出版社, 1989:12-18.]
[11]Guzzetti F, Crosta G, Marchetti M, et al. Debris flows triggered by the July, 1719, 1987 storm in the Valtellina area (Northern Italy)[C]Internationales Symposion, Tagungspublikation, Band 2, Seite, 1992:193-204.
[12]Dai F C, Lee C F, Wang S J. Analysis of rainstorminduced slidedebris flows on natural terrain of Lantau Island, Hong Kong[J]. Engineering Geology,1999, 51(4): 279-290.
[13]Xu Zengwang. Analysis of spatial distribution and contribution factors of natural landslides in Lantau land of Hong Kong[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2001, 10(4): 79-83.[许增旺. 香港大屿山岛自然滑坡的空间分布与影响因子浅析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2001, 10(4): 79-83.]
[14]Godt J W. Maps Showing Locations of Damaging Landslides Caused by El Niño Rainstorms, Winter Season 1997-98, San Francisco Bay Region, California[M]. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Investigation Series Maps, MF-2325-A-J, 1999.
[15]Shakoor A, Smithmyer A J. An analysis of storminduced landslides in colluvial soils overlying mudrock sequences, southeastern Ohio, USA[J].Engineering Geology,2005, 78(3/4): 257-274.
[16]Chigira M. Geologic factors contributing to landslide generation in a pyroclastic area: August 1998 Nishigo Village, Japan[J].Geomorphology,2002, 46(1/2): 117-128.
[17]Cnnon S H, Haller K M, Ekstrom I, et al. Landslide Response to Hurricane Mitch Rainfall in Seven Study Areas in Nicaragua[R]. U.S. Geological Survey Openfile Report 01-412-A, 2001.
[18]Schuster R L, Lynn M H. Socioeconomic Impacts of Landslides in the Western Hemisphere[R]. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 01-9276, 2001.
[19]Guzzetti F, Cardinali M, Reichenbach P, et al. Landslides triggered by the 23 November 2000 rainfall event in the Imperia province, Western Liguria, Italy[J].Engineering Geology, 2005,73(3/4): 229-245.
[20]Chen Xiaoqing, Wei Fangqiang, Cui Peng, et al. 2002-08-14 Large-scale Landslide Debris-flow hazard in Xinping county and the Prevention Countermeasure[J].Journal of Mountain Research,2003, 21(5): 599-604.[陈晓清, 韦方强, 崔鹏,等. 云南新平2002-08-14特大滑坡泥石流灾害及防治对策
[J]. 山地学报, 2003, 21(5): 599-604.]
[21]Ma Dongtao, Zhang Jinshan, Feng Zili, et al. Main causes of the landslide, debris flow and torrential flood disasters on July 20, 2004 in Yingjiang of Yunnan and the disaster reduction measures[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2005, 20(1): 67-71.[马东涛, 张金山, 冯自立,等. 2004.7.20云南盈江滑坡泥石流山洪灾害成因及减灾对策[J]. 灾害学, 2005, 20(1): 67-71.]
[22]Cardinali M, Galli M, Guzzetti F, et al. Rainfall induced landslides in December 2004 in south-western Umbria, Central Ltaly: Types, extent, damage and risk assessment[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2006, 6: 237-260.
[23]Kwong A K L, Wang M, Lee C F,et al. A review of landslide problems and mitigation measures in Chongqing and Hong Kong: Similarities and differences[J].Engineering Geology, 2004, 76(1): 27-39.
[24]Gerscovich D M S, Vargas E A, De Campos T M P. On the evaluation of unsaturated flow in a natural slope in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil[J]. Engineering Geology, 2006,88(1): 23-40.
[25]Dawes W R, Gilfedder M, Walker G R,et al. Biophysical modelling of catchmentscale surface water and groundwater response to landuse change[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2004, 64(1): 3-12.
[26]Cao Jiansheng, Liu Changming, Zhang Wanjun. Fissure underground water responding to precipitation-infiltration recharge in small basins[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2005, (5): 20-23.[曹建生,刘昌明,张万军. 小流域地下裂隙潜流对降雨入渗补给的响应特性[J].水文地质工程地质, 2005, (5): 20-23.]
[27]Knight J H, Gilfedder M, Walker G R. Impacts of irrigation and dryland development on groundwater discharge to rivers—A unit response approach to cumulative[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005, 303(1): 79-91.
[28]Lana-Renault N, Latron J, Regues D. Streamflow response and watertable dynamics in a sub-Mediterranean research catchment (Central Pyrenees)[J].Journal of Hydrology, 2007,347 (3): 497-507.
[29]Fiori A, Romanelli M, Cavalli D J, et al. Numerical experiments of streamflow generation in steep catchments[J].Journal of Hydrology, 2007, 339(3): 183-192.
[30]Mendicino G, Senatore A, Versace P A. Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) for drought monitoring and forecasting in a mediterranean climate[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008, 357(3): 282-302.
[31]He Keqiang, Wang Ronglu, Li Xinzhi,et al. Loadunload dynamic law of groundwater level and dynamic displacement prediction of debris landslide—A case study of bazimen landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,27(8): 1 644-1 651.[贺可强, 王荣鲁, 李新志,等. 堆积层滑坡的地下水加卸载动力作用规律及其位移动力学预测——以三峡库区八字门滑坡分析为例[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 27(8): 1 644-1 651.]
[32]Yang Pengnian, Deng Mingjiang, Li Xia,et al. Respond width of groundwater level after conveying stream water to the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang—A case study along the Yengisu Section in the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Arid Zone Research,2008, 25(3): 331-335.[杨鹏年, 邓铭江, 李霞,等. 塔里木河下游间歇输水下地下水响应宽度——以塔里木河下游英苏断面为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2008, 25(3): 331-335.]
[33]Xie Zhenghui, Liang Miaoling, Yuan Xing,et al. The response of shallow water table depths to climate change in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain
[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2009, 29(1): 30-35.[谢正辉, 梁妙玲, 袁星,等. 黄淮海平原浅层地下水埋深对气候变化响应[J]. 水文, 2009, 29(1): 30-35.]
[34]Wieczorek G F, Guzzetti F. A review of rainfall thresholds for triggering landslides[C]Mediterranean Storms, Proceedings of the EGS Plinus Conference held at Maratea. Italy,1999: 407-414.
[35]Wilson R C, Torikai J D, Ellen S D. Development of rainfall warning thresholds for debris flows in the Honolulu district, Oahu. U. S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 92-521, 1992[EB/OL].http:pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr92521,2011.
[36]EBA Engineering Consultants Ltd. Debris flow initiation potential, gully assessment procedures, and meteorological conditions associated with debris flows in the Kalum forest district, northwestern British Columbia. Vancouver, British Columbia Canada, 1997,[EB/OL].http:www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/library/ffip/,2011.
[37]Chleborad A F, Baum R L, Godt J W. Rainfall Thresholds for Forecasting Landslides in the Seattle, Washington, Area—Exceedance and Probability
[R]. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1064,2006.
[38]Godt J W, Coe J A. Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado[J].Geomorphology, 2007, 84(1/2): 80-97.
[39]Fiorillo F, Wilson R C. Rainfall induced debris flows in pyroclastic deposits, Campania (southern Italy)[J].Engineering Geology,2004, 75(3/4): 263-289.[40]Guzzetti1 F, Peruccacci1 S, Rossi1 M, et al. Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,2007, 98(3/4): 239-267.
[41]Gabet E J, Burbank D W, Putkonen J K,et al. Rainfall thresholds for landsliding in the Himalayas of Nepal[J].Geomorphology,2004, 63(3/4): 131-143.
[42]Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Guzzetti F,et al. The Rainfall IntensityDuration Control of Shallow Landslides and Debris Flows: An Update[R]. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 2007, 9, 02191, SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU2007-A-02191, Vienna, 15-20 April 2007.
[43]Zhang Youyi, Hu Xiewen, Zhu Haiyong. Prospect of research on relationship between landslide and rainfall[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2007, 16(1): 104-108.[张友谊, 胡卸文, 朱海勇. 滑坡与降雨关系研究展望[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2007, 16(1): 104-108.]
[44]Liu Yuan. Critical precipitation of rainstorm for cavsing landslide[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1998, (3): 43-45.[柳源. 滑坡临界暴雨强度[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 1998, (3): 43-45.]
[45]Li Yuan. Preliminary study on precipitation threshold of precipitation-induced landslides in Ya′an Yucheng district, Sichuan province[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2005, 32(1): 26-29.[李媛. 四川雅安市雨城区降雨诱发滑坡临界值初步研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2005, 32(1): 26-29.]
[46]Wang Yanlin. Study on the earlywarning and prediction of landslide hazards and countermeasures in the Southern Shaanxi province[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2005, 16(4): 345-349.[王雁林. 陕南地区滑坡灾害气象预报预警及其防范对策探析[J].地质灾害与环境保护, 2005, 16(4): 345-349.]
[47]Wang Renqiao, Zhou Yuehua, Wang Li,et al. Study of critical rainfall amount and potential forecasting model about heavy rainfall regime landslide
[J].Meteorological Science and Technology, 2005, 33(4): 311-313.[王仁乔, 周月华, 王丽,等. 大降雨型滑坡临界雨量及潜势预报模型研究[J]. 气象科技, 2005, 33(4): 311-313.]
[48]Chen Jian, Yang Zhifa, Li Xiao. Relationship between landslide probability and rainfall in three gorges reservoir area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005, 24(17): 3 052-3 056.[陈剑, 杨志法, 李晓. 三峡库区滑坡发生概率与降水条件的关系[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(17): 3 052-3 056.]
[49]Gao Huaxi, Yin Kunlong. Discuss on the correlations between landslides and rainfall and threshold for landslide early-warning and prediction
[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007, 28(5):1 055-1 060.[高华喜, 殷坤龙. 降雨与滑坡灾害相关性分析及预警预报阀值之探讨[J]. 岩土力学, 2007, 28(5):1 055-1 060.]
[50]Yao Xuexiang, Xu Jing, Xue Jianjun, et al. A potential forecast model for geological-related disasters based on precipitation[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2005, 16(4): 97-102,129.[姚学祥, 徐晶, 薛建军,等.基于降水量的全国地质灾害潜势预报模式[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2005, 16(4): 97-102, 129.]
[51]Xie Jianming, Liu Liling, Yin Kunlong, et al. Study on the threshold valves of rainfall of landslide hazards for early-warning and prediction in Zhejiang province[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2003, 22(4): 101-105.[谢剑明, 刘礼领, 殷坤龙,等. 浙江省滑坡灾害预警预报的降雨阀值研究
[J]. 地质科技情报,2003, 22(4): 101-105.]
[52]Shan Jiusheng, Liu Xiufen, Wei Li,et al. Rainfall characteristics analyses on landslide in Jiangxi  province[J].Meteorological Monthly,2004, 30(1): 13-15, 21.[单九生, 刘修奋, 魏丽,等. 诱发江西滑坡的降雨特征分析[J]. 气象, 2004, 30(1): 13-15, 21.]
[53]Liu Chuanzheng. Study on the early warning methods of landslide-debris flows[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2004, 31(3): 1-6.[刘传正. 区域滑坡泥石流灾害预警理论与方法研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2004, 31(3): 1-6.]
[54]Ding Jixin, Shang Yanjun, Yang Zhifa, et al. New method of predicting rainfall-induced landslides[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004, 23(21): 3 738-3 743.[丁继新, 尚彦军, 杨志法,等. 降雨型滑坡预报新方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2004, 23(21): 3 738-3 743.]
[55]Xue Yuqun,ed. Groundwater Dynamics[M]. Beijing: Press of Geological,1986.[薛禹群主编. 地下水动力学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1986.]
[56]Fernandes N F, Guimarães R F, Gomes R A T, et al. Topographic controls of landslides in Rio de Janeiro: Field evidence and modeling
[J].Catena,2004, 55(2): 163-181.[57]Gerscovich D M S, Vargas Jr E A, De Campos T M P. On the evaluation of unsaturated flow in a natural slope in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil[J].Engineering Geology,2006, 88(1/2): 23-40.
[58]Lacerda W A. Landslide initiation in saprolite and colluvium in southern Brazil: Field and laboratory observations[J].Geomorphology, 2007, 87(3): 104-119.
[59]Terlien M T J.Hydrological landslide triggering in ash-covered slopes of Manizales(Columbia)[J]. Geomorphology,1997, 20(1/2): 165-175.
[60]Zhang J, Jiao J J, Yang J. In situ rainfall infiltration studies at a hillside in Hubei province, China[J].Engineering Geology,2000, 57(1/2): 31-38.
[61]Wu Junjie, Wang Chenghua, Li Guangxin. Influence of matric suction in unsaturated soils on slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004, 25(5): 732-744.[吴俊杰, 王成华, 李广信. 非饱和土基质吸力对边坡稳定的影响[J]. 岩土力学, 2004, 25(5): 732-744.]
[62]Wei Jinbing, Deng Jianhui, Tan Guohuan,et al. Field tests of saturated and unsaturated hydraulic parameters of gravelly soil in Xietan landslide[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007, 28(2): 327-330, 335.[魏进兵, 邓建辉, 谭国焕,等. 泄滩滑坡碎块石土饱和与非饱和水力学参数的现场试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2007, 28(2): 327-330, 335.]
[63]Li Aiguo, Yue Zhongqi, Tan Guohuan, et al. Soil moisture and suction measurement and its effect on slope stability[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003, 25(3): 278-282.[李爱国, 岳中琦, 谭国焕,等. 土体含水率和吸力量测及其对边坡稳定性的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2003, 25(3): 278-282.][64]Huang Runqiu, Qi Guoqing. Observation of suction in a landslide
[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004, 26(2): 216-219.[黄润秋, 戚国庆. 滑坡基质吸力观测研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2004, 26(2): 216-219.]
[65]Reid M E, Nielsen H P, Dreiss S J. Hydraulic factors triggering a shallow hillslope failure[J]. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists,1988, 25(3): 349-361.
[66]Montgomery D R, Dietrich W E, Torres R, et al. Hydrologic response of a steep unchanneled valley to natural and applied rainfall[J].Water Resources Research,1997, 33(1): 91-109.
[67]Campbell R H. Soil Slips, Debris Flow, and Rainstorms in the Santa Monica Mountains and Vicinity, Sounthern California[R]. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, Report Number: 851, 1975: 1-51.
[68]Tsao T M, Wang M K, Chen M C,et al. A case study of the pore water pressure fluctuation on the slip surface using horizontal borehole works on drainage well[J].Engineering Geology,2005, 78(1/2): 105-118.
[69]Chang Muhsiung, Chiu Yeefong, Lin Shenyee, et al. Preliminary study on the 2003 slope failure in Woo-wanchai Area, Mt. Ali Road, Taiwan[J].Engineering Geology,2005, 80(1/2): 93-114.
[70]Lourenco S D N, Sassa K, Fukuoka H. Failure process and hydrologic response of a two layer physical model: Implications for rainfall-induced landslides[J].Geomorphology, 2006, 73(1/2): 115-130.
[71]Van Asch Th W J, Hendriks M R, Hessel R,et al. Hydrological triggering conditions of landslides in varved clays in the French Alps[J].Engineering Geology,1996, 42(4): 239-251.
[72]Matsukura Y. The role of the degree of weathering and groundwater fluctuation in landslide movement in a colluvium of weathered hornblende-gabbro
[J].Catena, 1996, 27(1): 63-78.
[73]Jiao J J, Wang X S, Nandy S. Confined groundwater zone and slope instability in weathered igneous rocks in Hong Kong[J].Engineering Geology,2005, 80(1/2): 71-92.
[74]Terwilliger V J. Effects of vegetation on soil slippage by pore pressure modification[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1990, 15(6): 553-570.[75]McDonnell J J. The influence of macropores on debris flow initiation[J].Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology,1990, 23(4): 325-331.
[76]Angeli M G, Buma J, Gasparetto P, et al. A combined hillslope hydrology/stability model for low-gradient clay slopes in the Italian Dolomites[J].Engineering Geology,1998, 49(1): 1-13.
[77]Scanlon T M, Raffensperger J P, Hornberger G M. Shallow subsurface storm flow in a forested headwater catchment: Observations and modeling using a modified TOPMODEL[J].Water Resources Research,2000, 36(9): 2 575-2 586.
[78]Chigira M, Imai C, Hijikata H. Water percolating behavior indicated by the water chemistry within a decomposed granite slope, central Japan
[J].Engineering Geology, 2006, 84(1/2): 84-97.
[79]Wakatsuki T, Matsukura Y. Lithological effects in soil formation and soil slips on weathering-limited slopes underlain by granitic bedrocks in Japan
[J]. Catena,2008, 72(1): 153-168.
[80]Hu Mingjian, Wang Ren, Zhang Pingcang. Primary research on the effect of rainfall on landslide—Take the slope piled by old landslide in Jiangjiagou valley as example[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001, 23(4): 444-457.[胡明鉴, 汪稔, 张平仓. 斜坡稳定性及降雨条件下激发滑坡的试验研究——以蒋家沟流域滑坡堆积角砾土坡地为例[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2001, 23(4): 444-457.]
[81]Cheng Ping, Cheng Gengguo. The comparison between simulation results and subsurface flow observed in the rainfall experiment[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2006, 28(8): 94-96.[程平, 程耕国. 降雨产生地下水流的实验与仿真结果的比较[J]. 武汉理工大学学报, 2006, 28(8): 94-96.][82]Zhou Zhong, Fu Helin, Liu Baochen,et al. Insitu monitoring test study on artificial rainfall infiltration of a wellinstrumented accumulation slope
[J].China Railway Science,2006, 27(4): 11-16.[周中, 傅鹤林, 刘宝琛,等. 堆积层边坡人工降雨致滑的原位监测试验研究[J]. 中国铁道科学,2006, 27(4): 11-16.]
[83]Guzzetti F. Hydrological triggers of diffused landsliding[J].Environmental Geology,1998, 35 (2/3): 79-80.
[84]Iverson R M. Landslide triggering by rain infiltration[J].Water Resources Research,2000, 36(7): 1 897-1 910.
[85]Borga M, Fontana G D, Cazorzi F. Analysis of topographic and climatic control on rainfalltriggered shallow landsliding using a quasi-dynamic wetness index[J].Journal of Hydrology, 2002, 168(1/4): 56-71.
[86]Cascini L,Gullà G, Sorbino G. Groundwater modelling of a weathered gneissic cover[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2006, 43(11): 1 153-1 166.
[87]Tu X B, Kwong A K L, Dai F C,et al. Field monitoring of rainfall infiltration in a loess slope and analysis of failure mechanism of rainfall-induced
[J].Engineering Geology,2009,105(1):134-150.

[1] 田静. 大气 CO2浓度增加对中国区域植被蒸腾的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 826-835.
[2] 李芦頔,吴冰,李鑫璐,杨洁,林良国. 土壤侵蚀中的片蚀研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 712-726.
[3] 崔林丽, 史军, 杜华强. 植被物候的遥感提取及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(1): 9-16.
[4] 吴佳梅,彭秋志,黄义忠,黄亮. 中国植被覆盖变化研究遥感数据源及研究区域时空热度分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(9): 978-989.
[5] 雒聪文,马玉贞,王凯,李丹丹. 东亚地区 MIS 5时期孢粉记录的植被与气候研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(5): 540-551.
[6] 张永双, 吴瑞安, 郭长宝, 王立朝, 姚鑫, 杨志华. 古滑坡复活问题研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(7): 728-740.
[7] 李天生, 夏军. 基于Budyko理论分析珠江流域中上游地区气候与植被变化对径流的影响 *[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(12): 1248-1258.
[8] 张翔, 陈能成, 胡楚丽, 彭小婷. 1983—2015年我国农业区域三类骤旱时空分布特征分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(10): 1048-1057.
[9] 沈巍, 许清海, 李建勇, 李曼玥, 张攀攀, 卢静瑶. 山区小流域花粉植被土地利用的关系:定量检测人类活动对环境的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(9): 972-982.
[10] 彭大雷, 许强, 董秀军, 巨袁臻, 亓星, 陶叶青. 无人机低空摄影测量在黄土滑坡调查评估中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(3): 319-330.
[11] 戴璐. 末次冰期时暴露的巽他大陆架可能被热带稀树草原覆盖吗?[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(11): 1147-1156.
[12] 张琪琳, 王占礼, 王栋栋, 刘俊娥. 黄土高原草地植被对土壤侵蚀影响研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(10): 1093-1101.
[13] 史忠林, 文安邦, 严冬春, 龙翼, 周萍. 7Be法估算土壤侵蚀速率若干问题的探讨[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(9): 885-893.
[14] 刘希林, 庙成, 田春山, 邱锦安. 十年跨度中国滑坡和泥石流灾害风险评价对比分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(9): 926-936.
[15] 刘波, 王晓蕾, 康钊菁, 苏腾, 翟东力, 袁靖. 降雨发生装置空间均匀性的研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(8): 820-828.
阅读次数
全文


摘要