降雨发生装置空间均匀性的研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.08.0820.

为提高降雨发生装置的空间均匀性,对通过测试平台旋转提高降雨场空间均匀性的方法进行研究,设计、研制了旋转测试平台,解决了旋转过程中的信号传输问题,建立了转速与降雨发生装置空间均匀性之间的关系,结合翻斗式雨量计在降雨场中的测试与流量式雨量雨强标准装置的测试,论证了降雨发生装置作为雨量和雨强的测试环境是可行的。结果表明,随着转台转速的增加,降雨场的空间均匀性先增大后减小,且随着测试面积的减小,不同转速呈现出不一样的变化趋势,转台转速为1 RPM时,测试面积为1.6 m ×1.6 m和1.2 m×1.2 m时,其均匀度系数最大(>95%);随着测试平台转速的增加,翻斗式雨量计累积降雨量和降雨强度之间的一致性增强,在转速为1 RPM和2 RPM时,翻斗式雨量计累积降雨量的最大偏差最小,为0.2 mm;流量式雨量雨强标准装置测试的累积降雨量的平均值与旋转测试平台在转速为1 RPM和2 RPM时测得的结果一致,充分说明通过旋转式测试工作平台可得到与流量式雨量雨强标准装置相一致的结果,证明了该方法提高降雨发生装置空间均匀性是可行的,且能得到累积降雨量的动态测量误差。

关键词: 降雨发生装置, 均匀性, 旋转工作平台, 流量式雨量雨强

In order to improve the spatial uniformity of rainfall generator to natural rainfall uniformity, according to the rotation of the test platform, a rotary test platform was designed and developed, and the slip-ring was used to solve the problem of signal transmission in the process of the rotation. Besides, the relationship between rotational speed and spatial uniformity of rainfall generator was established. The results of tipping-bucket rain gauge tested in rainfall field and flow type rainfall intensity standard device testing demonstrated that rainfall generator as the rainfall accumulation and rainfall intensity of the test environment was feasible. Results showed that with the increase of the rotate speed, spatial uniformity first increased, and then decreases, and with the decrease of the test area, different speed presented different trends. When the rotational speed was 1 RPM, test area was 1.6 m×1.6 m and 1.2 m×1.2 m, its uniformity of rainfall generator reached maximum which was bigger than 95%; with the increase of the rotate speed, tipping-bucket rain gauge of RA and RI were of good consistency under the RPM 1 and RPM 2 and the RA maximum deviation reached minimum, 0.2 mm; the average of RA under flow type rainfall intensity standard device test consisted well with rotating test platform at speed RPM 1 and 2, which illustrated the rotary testing platform was consistent with the flow type rainfall intensity standard device. It showed that the method to improve the space uniformity of rainfall generator is feasible and it could find the dynamic difference of RA.

Key words: Rainfall generator, Spatial uniformity, Rotary test platform, Flow type rainfall intensity.

中图分类号:

P426.62+3

图1 降雨发生装置及主要部件实物图

Fig.1 Rainfall generator and main components

图2 旋转工作台及组成部件实物图

Fig.2 Rotary test platform and main components

图3 空间均匀性测试平台
(a)均匀性测试平台实物图;(b) 雨量杯测试空间分布图

Fig.3 Test platform of uniformity
(a) Entity of platform; (b) Schematic of the test glass distribution

图4 不同转速时 RA的等值线图(单位:g)
(a)转速为0 RPM;(b) 转速为1 RPM;(c) 转速为2 RPM;(d) 转速为2.4 RPM

Fig.4 Influence of rotary speed to RA contour line (unit:g)
Rotary speed at(a) 0 RPM; (b) 1 RPM; (c) 2 RPM; (d) 2.4 RPM

表1 不同转速和不同测试面积的 CU

Table 1 Influence of rotary speed and test area to CU

转速 /RPM	CU/%
转速 /RPM	1.6 m×1.6 m	1.2 m×1.2 m	0.8 m×0.8 m	0.4 m×0.4 m
0	89.43	90.06	92.24	94.22
1	95.87	95.09	94.81	97.52
2	94.00	92.82	92.39	96.06
2.4	89.26	91.00	91.19	95.80

表1 不同转速和不同测试面积的 CU

Table 1 Influence of rotary speed and test area to CU

转速 /RPM	CU/%
转速 /RPM	1.6 m×1.6 m	1.2 m×1.2 m	0.8 m×0.8 m	0.4 m×0.4 m
0	89.43	90.06	92.24	94.22
1	95.87	95.09	94.81	97.52
2	94.00	92.82	92.39	96.06
2.4	89.26	91.00	91.19	95.80

图5 不同转速时 RA和 RI的变化
(a)转速为0 RPM;(b) 转速为1 RPM;(c) 转速为2 RPM;(d) 转速为3 RPM

Fig.5 Influence of rotary speed to RA and RI
Rotary speed at(a) 0 RPM; (b) 1 RPM; (c) 2 RPM; (d) 3 RPM

表2 RA和 RI的数据统计

Table 2 Statistics of RA and RI

转速 /RPM	RA/mm				RI相等个数	RA最大偏差 /mm
转速 /RPM	TBRG 1			TBRG 2	TBRG 3	TBRG 4
0	3.9	2.9	2.8	3.0	3	1.1
1	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.0	6	0.2
2	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.2	6	0.2
3	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.1	8	0.3

表2 RA和 RI的数据统计

Table 2 Statistics of RA and RI

转速 /RPM	RA/mm				RI相等个数	RA最大偏差 /mm
转速 /RPM	TBRG 1			TBRG 2	TBRG 3	TBRG 4
0	3.9	2.9	2.8	3.0	3	1.1
1	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.0	6	0.2
2	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.2	6	0.2
3	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.1	8	0.3

表3 TBRG测试结果

Table 3 Test results of TBRG

编号	RA/mm			RA平均值 /mm
编号	第1次		第2次	第3次
TBRG 1	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1
TBRG 2	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.2
TBRG 3	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
TBRG 4	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1

表3 TBRG测试结果

Table 3 Test results of TBRG

编号	RA/mm			RA平均值 /mm
编号	第1次		第2次	第3次
TBRG 1	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1
TBRG 2	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.2
TBRG 3	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
TBRG 4	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1

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