水泥粉尘对工业区土壤磁学性质影响及其环境意义

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.08.0829.

为监测水泥粉尘对工业区土壤的影响,在水泥工业区内采集了水泥粉尘、降尘、水泥、粉煤灰、厂内绿地表土及厂周围旱地表土等样品,采用环境磁学方法进行磁学参数测量与矿物成分分析。结果显示所有样品中主要磁性矿物都是磁铁矿,水泥粉尘、水泥厂降尘、水泥、粉煤灰等样品中磁性矿物粒径较粗,主要是准单畴和多畴。被水泥粉尘和降尘污染的厂内绿地表土和厂周围旱地表土的磁学性质发生了明显改变,磁性矿物含量升高,磁性矿物粒径变粗。X射线衍射结果显示,被污染后的厂内绿地表土和厂周围旱地表土中主要矿物成分与水泥粉尘相同,都是石英和方解石。研究发现,土壤的磁学参数(χ_fd,χ_ARM/χ,χ_ARM/SIRM)值能反映土壤被污染的程度,其值越低,表示土壤被污染越严重。因此,利用水泥工业区旱地表土磁学参数组合特征,可以监测水泥工业区土壤环境变化。

关键词: 水泥粉尘, 土壤, 磁学性质, 环境意义

To monitor environmental implications of cement dust on soil in industrial area, magnetic parameters and mineral compositions were measured by the samples of the cement dust, cement factory dustfall, cement, coal ash, topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory. Results showed that the major magnetic minerals in the samples were magnetite, the magnetic mineral particle size of cement dust, dustfall, cement and coal ash was coarse Multi-Domian (MD) and Pseudo-Single-Domain (PSD). As topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory were polluted by cement dust, their magnetic properties had been obviously changed; the concentration of magnetic minerals elevated and particle size became coarser. The magnetic parameters (χ_fd,χ_ARM/χ,χ_ARM/SIRM) value can reflect the pollution level of the soil, the lower its value was, the more serious soil was polluted. X-ray diffraction results showed that the mineral compositions of the topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory were quartz and calcite, which were the same as cement dust. Magnetic parameters combination characteristics of topsoil can monitor the soil environmental changes in cement industry area.

Key words: Cement dust, Soil, Magnetic property, Environmental significance

中图分类号:

P951

Fig.1 Distribution map of sampling locations

Fig.2 X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of representative samples
(a) cement, (b) coal ash, (c) topsoil of green space in the factory, (d) cement dust, (e) topsoil outside the factory, (f) cement factory dustfall, and (g) soil of 68 cm under the ground Identified peaks are labeled for mullite (Mu), quartz (Q), gypsum (G), calcite (C), sillimanite (S),plagioclase (P), hematite (H), magnetite (Ma), dicalcium silicate (A), tricalcium silicate (B), and Montmorillonit (M)

Fig.3 SEM image and energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) for representative samples
(a) Cement, (b) Coal ash, (c) Cement factory dustfall, (d) Topsoil of green space in the factory,(e) Topsoil outside the factory, (f) Cement dust, (g) Soil sample of 68cm under the ground

Fig.4 Comparison of magnetic parameters for all types samples

Fig.5 7IRM acquisition curves and DC demagnetization curves for representative samples
(a)cement, (b)coal ash, (c)topsoil outside the factory, (d)cement dust, (e)topsoil of green space in the factory and (f)cement factory dustfall

Fig.6 κ-T curves for representative samples
(a)Topsoil outside the factory, (b)Topsoil of green space in the factory, (c)cement, (d)coal ash, (e)cement dust and (f)cement factory dustfall

Fig.7 SIRM-χ scatter plot for samples

Fig.8 The variation of magnetic parameters of soil profile with sampling depth ^{[

15
]}

Fig.9 Dearing analysis plots

Fig.10 χ-χ_fd scatter plots for samples

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摘要

Magnetic Influences of Cement Dust on Soil in Industrial Area and Its Environmental Implications