西藏纳木错流域冻土环境初步研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.12.1324

地球科学进展 ›› 2006, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (12): 1324 -1332. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.12.1324

西藏纳木错流域冻土环境初步研究

田克明 ¹,刘景时 ¹,康世昌 ^1,2,李潮流 ¹

1.中国科学院青藏高原研究所,纳木错圈层相互作用综合观测研究站，北京 100085；2.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,冰冻圈与寒区环境联合重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2006-10-11 修回日期:2006-11-03 出版日期:2006-12-15
通讯作者: 田克明 E-mail:tkeming@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“青藏高原冰冻圈变化与能量水分循环过程”(编号：2005CB422003);国家自然科学基金项目“喜玛拉雅山典型冰川水文过程对气候变化响应的观测研究”(编号：40571037);中国科学院“百人计划”项目,中国科学院“院长基金”项目,国家人事部留学回国人员启动基金项目资助.

A Primary Study on the Environment of Frozen Ground in the Nam Co Basin, Tibet

Tian Keming ¹,Liu Jingshi ¹,Kang Shichang ^1,2,Li Chaoliu ¹

1. Nam Co Station of Multi-sphere Interaction Observation and Research, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100085, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Region Environment, CAREERI, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2006-10-11 Revised:2006-11-03 Online:2006-12-15 Published:2006-12-15

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利用在西藏纳木错流域念青唐古拉山北坡（NQN，海拔5 400 m）和西北保吉乡（BJ，海拔4 730 m）布设的两台带有四层土壤探头自动气象站(AWS)2005—2006年冬季10个月观测数据进行了统计分析。结果表明：观测期间NQN日及月平均气温均低于BJ，但变化幅度均小于BJ，土壤冻结时间比BJ长，两处的气温梯度为0.31℃/100 m。与安多月平均气温比较，推断NQN存在高山多年冻土。NQN大气—土壤及土壤内热传输速度快于BJ；冻结期内土壤中未冻水含量在0～-2.5℃时发生跃变且与土壤温度存在较好的线性关系；相同深度处NQN土未冻水含量较小。土壤温度日变化在0～40 cm深度处较明显，40cm深度以下变化很小，未冻水含量日变化在5 cm深度较明显，20 cm以下变化微弱。利用两观测点冻结深度（D_f）与冻结积温（T_g）的良好相关建立模型，NQN为：D_f-n= 0.0016T_g+ 1.69,R²=0.9958；BJ为：D_f-b= 0.002T_g+ 1.13，R²= 0.9424，并由此推断出两观测点最大季节冻结深度分别为1.69 m和1.13 m。

关键词: 土壤含水量, 纳木错流域, 冻土, 土壤温度, 最大季节冻深

Based on the data from two automatic weather stations (AWS) with 4-layers of soil probes located at an elevation of 5,400m at the Northern slope of Mt. Nyenquentanglha (N) and at 4,720 m at Boji (B) in the northwest of the Nam Co lake, this paper analyzed the environment of the frozen ground around the lake basin. It concludes that from September 2005 to May 2006, the daily temperature and monthly temperature at the N were both lower than those at the B, however, amplitude of daily temperature at the N was smaller than that at the BJ. The freezing period of ground at the N is longer than that at the B. From September to next May, their air temperature lapse rate is 0.31℃/100 m smaller than that in the atmosphere. Results show alpine permafrost existed at the N by comparing monthly temperature with the Ando, Tibet. Heat conduction between air and soil and within soil at the N was faster than that at the B. During freezing period, a powerful relationship was found between the soil unfrozen water content and soil temperature, the unfrozen water content abruptly declined at 0～-2℃. The Diurnal variation of soil temperature is dramatic at the 0~40 cm depth, while no trend below 40 cm; so does soil unfrozen water content at 5 cm depth, no trend below 20 cm. Based on the close correlation between a soil freezing depth (D_f) and a cumulative frost temperature (T_g), the model was proposed as the following: D_f-n= 0.0016T_g+ 1.69 at the N and D_f-b= 0.002T_g+ 1.13 at the B, using the model, the maximum freezing depth were estimated by 1.69 m and 1.13 m at the two sites, respectively.

Key words: Nam Co basin, Freezing-thawing process, Maximum seasonal freezing depth., Frozen ground

中图分类号:

S152.7

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