青藏高原环境变化对全球变化的响应及其适应对策

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.05.0459

青藏高原的环境变化对全球变化具有敏感响应和强烈影响。青藏高原的现代环境与地表过程相互作用，引起包括冰冻圈和水资源以及生态系统等方面的一系列变化，对高原本身以及周边地区的人类生存环境和经济社会发展产生重大影响。作为国际研究的热点地区，青藏高原环境变化研究目前出现三个新的科学动向：关注关键地区的关键科学问题的系统研究；关注以现代地表过程为核心的监测研究；关注全球变化影响下的圈层相互作用研究。本项目的研究对青藏高原环境变化科学的发展、国际科学前沿的贡献以及服务于社会经济发展，都具有十分重要的意义。通过项目的研究将揭示青藏高原隆升到现代地貌与环境格局过程中所出现的重大构造事件和环境事件；重建不同区域、不同时间尺度的气候环境变化序列并揭示其时空分布特征；阐明青藏高原冰冻圈、湖泊和主要生态系统与土地覆被在不同气候条件下的变化特征；揭示青藏高原环境变化与地表过程对全球变化的响应特点和高原热力与动力过程对不同气候系统变化的影响。本项目将在高原南北典型区域利用地貌学与沉积学手段，研究青藏高原现代地貌与环境格局的形成过程；利用湖芯、冰芯、树木年轮等手段，研究青藏高原过去环境变化的特征事件、区域分异及其与全球变化的联系；利用冰川、冻土、积雪的时空变化，结合对高原特殊大气边界层的观测，研究青藏高原冰冻圈变化与能量水分循环过程；从冰川、湖泊、大气的监测入手，结合模式方法，研究青藏高原环境变化的机制；利用生态系统碳的源—汇变化，研究青藏高原生态系统对环境变化的响应；综合研究全球变化背景下青藏高原环境变化与水资源变化所产生的区域效应和适应对策。

关键词: 青藏高原, 环境变化, 全球变化, 适应对策

The environmental changes of Tibetan Plateau possess sensitive response and strong effect to global changes. The interaction between modern environment and land surface processes on the plateau induces a series of variations in the cryosphere, water resources and ecological system, which produce important influence on the human living circumstance and economic-society development on the plateau itself and periphery regions. As a region focused by international scientific research, the plateau experienced three developing stages. The first is focusing the systemic studies of the key problems in the key areas, the second is focusing the monitoring studies centered with surface processes, and the third is focusing the interactions among different spheres influenced by global changes. This project possesses very important significance to the study of environmental changes on Tibetan Plateau and the contribution for international scientific frontier as well as local economics-society development. In this project, a series of objectives are planned to be achieved: discovering key tectonic and environmental events from the plateau's formation to its present landform structures; reconstructing climatic and environmental sequences with different time scales in different areas and clarifying their space-time features; elucidating the variation characteristics of cryosphere, lakes, dominant ecosystems and land covers under different climatic conditions on the plateau; revealing the responses of the environmental changes and land surface processes of the plateau to global changes, and the effects of the plateau's thermo and dynamical processes to different climatic systems. Some methods and contents are performed in this project: By using geomorphologic and sedimentary methods, we study the formation processes of present landform and environment frames. By collecting lake cores, ice cores and tree rings, we study key events during the past environment changes and their linkages to global changes. By analyzing the space-time variations of glaciers, permafrost and snow accumulations together with observation of boundary layers, we study the variations of cryosphere and cycling processes of energy and water. By monitoring the glaciers, lakes and atmosphere together with using climatic models, we study the potential mechanism of environmental changes. By detecting the variations of carbon sources and sinks in the dominant ecosystems, we study the response of the main ecosystem to environmental changes. By a series of integrated analyses, we study the effects of the environmental changes and water sources changes on the Tibetan Plateau and adaptation strategies under global changes.

Key words: Tibetan plateau, Environmental changes, Global changes, Adaptation strategy.

中图分类号:

X141

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摘要

The Response of Environmental Changes on Tibetan Plateau to Global Changes and Adaptation Strategy