| [1] 石广玉. 气候变化的辐射强迫研究的最新进展. 现代大气科学前言与展望. 北京: 气象出版社, 1996.
[2] IPCC. Radiative forcing of climate change. In: Climate Change 1994. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
[3] Hameed S, Dignon J. Global emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides in fossil fuel combustion 1970- 1986. J Air Pollut Control Assoc, 1992,42:159-163.
[4] Galloway J N, Likens G E, Hawley M E. Acid deposition: Natural versus anthropogenic sources. Science, 1984, 226: 829- 831.
[5] 王文兴. 中国环境酸化问题. 环境科学学报, 1997, 17(3): 1.
[6] 陈隆勋, 邵永宁, 张清芬, 等. 近四十年来我国气候变化的初步分析. 应用气象学报, 1991, 2: 164- 173.
[7] Wigley T M L. Possible climate change due to SO2 derived cloud condensation nuclei. Nature, 1989, 339: 365- 367.
[8] Engardt M, Rodhe H. A comparison between patterns of tempreture trends and sulfate aerosol pollution. Geophys Res Lett, 1993, 20:117-120.
[9] Karl T R, Knight R W, Kukla G, et al. Evidence for radiative effects of ant horopogenic sulfate aerosols in the observed climate record. In: R J Chharlson, J Heintzenberg eds. Aerosol Forcing of Climate. Chichester: John Wiley, 1995. 281- 296.
[10] Durkee P A. Observations of aerosol cloud interaction in satellite detected visible and near infrared radiance. Proc Symp on Role of Clouds in Atmospheric Chemitry and Global Climate. American Meterological Society, 1989. Jan 30- Feb 2. Anaheim, CA.
[11] Bol in B, Charlson R J. On the role of the tropospheric sulfur cycle in the short wave radiative climate of the earth. Ambio, 1976, 5:47-54.
[12] Charlson R J, Langner J, Rodhe H, et al. Perturbation of the northern hemisphere radiative balance by backscattering from anthropogenic aerosol. Tellus, 1991, 43AB: 152- 163.
[13] Langner J, Rodhe H. A global three-dimensional model of the tropospheric sulfur cycle. J Atmos Chem，1991, 13: 225- 263.
[14] Charlson R J, Schwartz S E, Hales J M, et al. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science, 1992, 255: 422-430.
[15] Kiehl J T, Briegleb B P. The relative roles of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing. Science, 1993, 260: 311-314.
[16] Hansen J, Lacis A. How sensitive is the world's climate? National Geographic Research and Exploration. 1993, 9: 142-158.
[17] Chuang C C, Penner J E, Taylor K E, et al. Climate effects of anthropogenic sulfate: simulation from a coupled chemistry, climate model. Preprints of the Conference on Atmosphric Chemistry, Nashville, Tennessee. American M eteorological Society, Boston,USA. January 1994: 170- 174.
[18] Taylor K E, Penner J E. Response of the climate system to atmospheric aerosols and greenhouse gases. Nature, 1994, 369: 734-737.
[19] Boucher O, Anderson T L. GCM assessment of the sensitivity of direct climat e forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols to aerosol size and chemistry. J Geophys Res, 1995, 100: 26 061-26 092.
[20] Kiehl J T, Rodhe H. Modeling geographical and seasonal foring of climate. Chharlson R J, Heintzenberg J, eds. Chichester: John Wiley, 1995.281- 296.
[21] Pham M, Megie G, Muller J F, et al. A Three-dimensional study of the tropospheric sulfur cycle. J Geophys Res, 1996, 100:26 061- 26 092.
[22] Mitchell J F B, Johns T C, Gregory J M, et al. Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols. Nature, 1995, 376: 501- 504.
[23] Cox S J, Wang W C, Schwartz S E. Climate response to radiative forcings by sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases. Geophys Res Lett, 1995, 22: 2 509- 2 512.
[24] Catherine C C, Joyce E P, Karl E T, et al. An assessent of the radidtive effects of anthropogenic sulfate. J Geophys Res, 1997, 102(D3): 3 761- 3 778.
[25] Penner J E, Charlson R J, Hales J M, et al. Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols.Bull Am Meterol Soc, 1994, 75: 375- 400.
[26] Twomey S. Optics of individual aerosol particles. In: Atmospheric A erosols. New York: Elsevier, 1977. 199- 217.
[27] 章澄昌, 周文贤. 大气气溶胶教程. 北京: 气象出版社, 1995.
[28] Garland J. Condensation on ammonium sulfate particles and its effects on visibility. Atmos Environ, 1969, 3: 347- 354.
[29] Tang I N, Munkelwitz H R. A erosol growth studies, iii, Ammonium bisulfate aerosols in a miost atmosphere. J Aerosol Sci, 1977,8: 321- 330.
[30] Hegg D, Ferek R, Hobbs P. Light scattering and cloud condensation nucleus activity of sulfate aerosol measured over the northeast atlantic ocean. J Geophys Res, 1993, 98: 14 887- 14 894.
[31] Pilinis C, Pandis S N, Seinfeld J H. Sensitivity of direct climate forcing by atmospheric aerosols to aerosol size and composition. J Geophys Res, 1995, 100(D9) : 18 739- 18 754.
[32] Nemesure S, Wagener R, Schwartz S E. Direct shortwave forcing of climate by the anthropogenic sulfate aerosol: Sensitivity to particle size, composion, and relative humidity. J Geophys Res, 1995, 100(D12): 26 105- 26 116.
[33] Wenwei P, Menner A T, Gregory J M, et al. Uncertainty analysis of direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols. J Geophys Res, 1997, 102(D18): 21 915- 21 924.
[34] Twomey S A. The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds. J Atmos Sci, 1977, 34: 1 149- 1 152.
[35] Charlson R J, Schwartz S E, Hales J M, et al. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science, 1992, 255: 422- 430.
[36] Kaufman Y J, Chou M D. Model simulat ions of the competing climatic effects of SO2 and CO2. J Climate, 1993, 6: 1 241- 1 252.
[37] Han Q, Rossow W B, Lacis A A. Near-global survey of effective droplet radii in liquid water clouds using ISCCP data. J Climate,1994, 7: 465- 497.
[38] Boucher O. GCM estimate of the indirect aerosol forcing using satellite-retrieved cloud droplet effective radii. J Climate, 1995, 8: 1 403- 1 409.
[39] Boucher O, Treut H L, Baker M. Precipitet ion and radiation modelling in a GCM: Introduction of cloud microphysical processes. J Geophys Res, 1995, 100: 16 395-16 414.
[40] Jones A, Roberts D L, Slingo A. A climate model study of indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulphate aerosols. Nature,1994,370:450- 453.
[41] Boucher O, Rodhe H. The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect: A sensitivity study. Rep CM-83, Dep of Meteorol, Stockholm.Stockholm Univ, 1994. 20.
[42] Boucher O, Lohmann U. The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect: A sensitivity study with two general circulation models. Tellus,1995, 47B: 281- 300.
[43] Erickson D J, Oglesby R J, Marshell S. Climate response to indirect anthropogenic sulfate forcing. J Geophys Res, 1995, 100: 2 017- 2 033.
[44] Feichter J, Kjellstrom E, Rodhe H, et al. Simulation of the tropospheric sulfur cycle in a global climate model. Atmos Environ,1996, 20: 1 693- 1 707.
[45] Chin M, Jacob D F, Gardner G M, et al. A global three-dimensional model of tropospheric sulfate. J Geophys Res, 1996, 101: 18 667- 18 690.
[46] Kasibhatla P, Chameides W L, John J S. A Three-dimensional global model investigation of seasonal variations in the atmospheric burden of anthoropogenic suldate aerosols. J Geophys Res, 1997, 102: 3 737-3 759.
[47] Russell P B, Kinne S A, Bergstrom R W. Aerosol climate effects: local radiative forcing and column closure experiments. J Geophys Res, 1997, 102(D8) : 9 397-9 407.
[48] Schwartz S E. The whitehouse effect shortwave radiative forcing of climate by anthropogenic aerosols: an overview. Journal of Aerosol Science, 1996, 27(3): 359- 382.
[49] Bernd K. Late 20th century climate change over the Northern Hemisphere and its consequences for numerical weather prediction: editorial essay, Climate Change. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996, 32(4) : 379- 385.
[50] Clarke A D, Porter J N, Valero F P J, et al. Vertical profiles, aerosol mocrophysics, and optical closure during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment: Measured and modeled column optical properties. J Geophys Res, 1996, 101: 4 443- 4 453.
[51] Hobbs P V, Huebert B J, ed. Atmospheric Aerosols, A new focus of the international global atmospheric chemistry project. The International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project. A core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere-Program(TGBP),Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1996.
[52] Li Xiaowen, Zhou Xiuji, Li Weiliang, et al. The Cooling of Sichuan Province in Recent 40 Years And Its Probable Mechanisms. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1995, 9(1): 57- 68.
[53] 钱云, 符淙斌, 王自发. 工业SO2排放对东亚和我国温度变化的影响. 环境和气候研究, 1996, 2: 143- 149.
[54] 张远航, 胡可钊. 重庆市交通扬尘尘源鉴别. 环境科学研究, 1993, 6(1): 20- 24. |