气候变化对半干旱雨养农业区春小麦生长的影响

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.03.0322

地球科学进展 ›› 2007, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 322 -327. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.03.0322

全球变化研究上一篇

气候变化对半干旱雨养农业区春小麦生长的影响

赵鸿，肖国举，王润元，邓振镛，王鹤龄，杨启国

中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所，甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室，中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室，甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2007-01-01 修回日期:2007-01-01 出版日期:2007-03-10
通讯作者: 赵鸿（1977-），女，甘肃临洮人，助研，主要从事农业生态、气候变化等方面的研究.E-mail: zhaohonglt@126.com E-mail:zhaohonglt@126.com
基金资助:
科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项“西北农作物对气候变化的响应及其评价方法”(编号：2005DIB3J100)；甘肃省自然科学基金项目“气候变暖对甘肃省主要农作物影响研究”（编号：3ZS061-A25-010）；中国气象局气候变化专项“西北干旱半干旱区主要农作物对气候变化的响应”（编号：CCSF2005-2-QH26）；中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所博士后启动资金共同资助.

Impact of Climate Change on Spring Wheat Growth in SemiArid Rain Feed Region

ZHAO Hong, XIAO Guo-ju, WANG Run-yuan, DENG Zhen-yong, WANG He-ling, YANG Qi-guo

Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Open Laboratory of Arid Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2007-01-01 Revised:2007-01-01 Online:2007-03-10 Published:2007-03-10

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利用甘肃省定西农业气象观测站1986—2004年的观测资料，就气候变化对黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区春小麦生长的影响进行了初步探讨。结果表明，近19年来该地区气候变化呈现暖干化趋势，春小麦对气候变化的响应表现在生长季提前、生长期缩短、产量下降。相关分析也显示，降水量对春小麦生长的影响程度要高于温度。在春小麦整个生长发育过程中，其阶段生长和产量对气候变化的响应不完全一致：气候变化使该地区春小麦出苗期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的出现时间均提前，而乳熟期出现时间推迟，导致播种—出苗期的营养生长阶段缩短、出苗—拔节期的营养生长阶段延长、拔节—抽穗期的生殖生长阶段缩短，抽穗—乳熟期的生殖生长阶段延长，乳熟—成熟期的生殖生长阶段缩短，最终造成全生长期缩短。出苗—拔节期、抽穗—乳熟期降水量减少对春小麦产量下降有显著的正效应（P<0.05），拔节—抽穗期的增温对产量有极显著的负影响（P<0.01）。预计随着未来全球气候进一步的变暖和半干旱区降水量的减少，将会更加严重影响春小麦的生长发育。

关键词: 半干旱区, 春小麦, 气候变化, 生长, 影响

Using surface observation data of Dingxi agricultural meteorological station from 1986 to 2004, the impact of climate change on spring wheat growth in semi-arid rain feed region was investigated. The results showed that in the last 19 years temperature had increased, but precipitation had decreased in this region, the response of spring wheat growth to climate change took the form that the growing season had come in advance, growth period had shortened and yield had fallen off. The correlativity analysis also revealed that the impact of precipitation on spring wheat was more noticeable than that of temperature. In the whole growth period of spring wheat, the response was different in yield and phase growing on climate change, such as the appearing time of sprouting, jointing, tasselling and maturity being ahead but milking being postponed. That is to say, it shortened the spring wheat's nutrition growth stage of seeding-sprouting, elongated the sprouting-jointing stage, cut down the generative growth in the jointing-tasselling phase, prolonged the tasselling-milking stage, and shortened the milking~maturity stage. These finally resulted in the shortening of whole growth period. It had significantly positive effect on yield due to precipitation decreasing in spring wheat's sprouting-jointing and tasselling-milking stage(P<0.05), also it had highly significant negative effect on yield due to temperature increasing in jointing-tasselling phase(P<0.01). So we expect that with the climate further warming and the precipitation reducing, it will much more seriously influence the growth of spring wheat.

Key words: Semi-arid region, Spring wheat, Climate change, Growth, Impact.

中图分类号:

S512.1+25

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