海山生物多样性研究进展与展望

深海的海山生态系统支持着独特的生物群落,是海洋生态系统中物种扩散和进化的重要节点。由于研究的欠缺和认识的不足,国际间对于海山的区系和生物多样性认知存在较大分歧。存在海山特有种假说、物种源汇假说、孤岛假说、绿洲假说等各种假说,且均有争议。综述了海山生物区系和多样性研究的最新进展,指出了目前研究存在的缺陷和不足,并就我国未来有关海山生物区系和多样性研究提出了建议。

关键词: 底栖生物, 生物多样性, 区系, 海山, 深海

Seamounts support unique biological communities and might act as important nodes of species dispersal and evolution in deep ocean ecosystems. Seamounts have been one of the few characteristic ecosystems that remain underexplored in the abyssal world. However, our knowledge of seamount animals remains very limited due to the difficulty in access to technology, resulting in controversial explanation on their fauna, biodiversity, and biogeography. There have been several hypotheses on seamount biota, including the Endemicity Hypothesis, the SourceSink Hypothesis, the Insular Isolation Hypothesis, and the Oasis Hypothesis. We summarize the pros and cons of seamount fauna and biodiversity, and put forward proposals for future investigation on seamount ecosystem.

Key words: Benthos., Deep sea, Fauna, Seamount, Biodiversity

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Progress and Prospects in Seamount Biodiversity