裂缝广泛发育于地下岩层中，是影响流体运移和储集空间的重要地质因素。裂缝界面的几何粗糙度通过改变接触网络、开度非均质性和流动曲折度因子，进而控制裂缝的渗流能力和应力敏感性。针对温压条件下裂缝粗糙度对渗流能力的控制机制，围绕“粗糙界面几何特征如何转化为开度场结构、流动控制参数及跨尺度模型参数”等关键问题，系统梳理了近年来在裂缝界面粗糙特征表征、渗流控制机理、温压耦合响应及模型构建等方面的研究进展。对裂缝粗糙度的表征 方法，由二维经验评价向三维统计描述拓展；裂缝粗糙界面主要通过接触网络调整、开度重构和曲折流动影响渗流能力，并进一步影响优势通道形成及其非线性流动；在温度和有效应力共同作用下，裂缝闭合、渗透率滞回及路径依赖特征更加显著，裂缝渗流模型也逐渐由简单几何修正转向结构参数嵌入、多尺度采样和结构驱动建模。未来需要进一步深化裂缝粗糙界面的几何特征和开度结构、流动控制参数以及跨尺度模型参数之间定量模型的构建，提升深部裂缝介质渗流预测和工程评价能力。

Abstract：Fractures are pervasive in subsurface rock formations and strongly influence fluid migration, heat transport, storage capacity, and mechanical stability. Their hydraulic behavior is central to unconventional hydrocarbon recovery, geothermal development, underground energy storage, and geological carbon dioxide sequestration. However, natural fractures rarely behave as smooth and idealized parallel-plate channels. Surface roughness generates uneven contacts, heterogeneous apertures, and tortuous pathways, making fracture permeability scale-dependent, stress-sensitive, and potentially nonlinear. A unified understanding of how measurable surface geometry controls these responses remains lacking, particularly under coupled thermal and pressure conditions. This review examines how roughness descriptors can be translated into aperture-field structures, flow-control parameters, and cross-scale model inputs. It synthesizes recent advances in interface characterization, roughness-controlled flow mechanisms, coupled thermal and pressure responses, and predictive modeling. Particular attention is given to the transition from two-dimensional empirical indices to threedimensional statistical, fractal, and self-affine descriptions. The available evidence shows that roughness affects flow mainly through the coupled evolution of contact topology, aperture connectivity, and pathway tortuosity. These processes redistribute local velocities, reorganize preferential channels, promote recirculation, and alter the relationship between pressure gradient and volumetric flow rate. Their hydraulic consequences cannot therefore be represented reliably by mean aperture or a single roughness index alone. Temperature variations and effective stress further modify contact-area distributions and hydraulic apertures through thermally induced deformation and stress-dependent fracture closure. These interactions intensify permeability hysteresis and produce loadingpath and thermal-history dependence, complicating parameter transfer between laboratory tests and field-scale predictions. Existing models are consequently evolving from parallel-plate corrections and empirical permeability relations toward structure-informed formulations, discrete-fracture representations, multiscale upscaling, and data – physics integration. However, progress remains limited by inconsistent roughness metrics, insufficient threedimensional experimental datasets, scale effects, and weak validation under realistic coupled conditions. Future research should establish dimensionally consistent links among surface morphology, contact topology, aperture connectivity, and effective permeability. It should also integrate high-resolution imaging, in situ monitoring, controlled experiments, and uncertainty quantification across representative scales. Physics-informed and graphbased learning may assist parameter inversion and rapid prediction, but their constraints and extrapolation limits require transparent evaluation. By clarifying the geometry-to-structure-to-flow pathway, this review provides a framework for selecting roughness descriptors and constructing transferable fracture-flow models. These advances can improve hydraulic predictions and risk assessment for unconventional hydrocarbon recovery, geothermal development, underground energy storage, and geological carbon dioxide sequestration.