地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 525 -539. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.034

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

页岩粉碎及热处理的流体核磁响应及其原位含油性启示
白龙辉1(), 柳波1(), 刘明博1, 苏勇2, 王柳1, 霍迎冬2, 徐鹏程1, 付晓飞1   
  1. 1.多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室 东北石油大学，黑龙江 大庆 163318
    2.大庆油田勘探开发研究院，黑龙江 大庆 163375
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10 修回日期:2025-04-20 出版日期:2025-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 柳波 E-mail:bailonghui0302@163.com;liubo@nepu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目区域创新联合基金项目(U22A20574);黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GA23A906)

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characteristics and in situ Oil Content Analysis of Shale Crushing and Heat Treatment

Longhui BAI1(), Bo LIU1(), Mingbo LIU1, Yong SU2, Liu WANG1, Yingdong HUO2, Pengcheng XU1, Xiaofei FU1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing Heilongjiang 163318, China
    2.Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield, Daqing Heilongjiang 163375, China
  • Received:2025-02-10 Revised:2025-04-20 Online:2025-05-10 Published:2025-07-10
  • Contact: Bo LIU E-mail:bailonghui0302@163.com;liubo@nepu.edu.cn
  • About author:BAI Longhui, research areas include shale oil reservoir characterization. E-mail: bailonghui0302@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China Regional Innovation Joint Fund Project(U22A20574);The Heilongjiang Provincial Key R & D Program(GA23A906)
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处于开放环境的页岩样品，一方面由于压力释放导致轻烃发生大量散失，另一方面由于温度降低导致滞留烃黏度增大、赋存状态改变，从而使常温下核磁检测无法准确定量原位温压条件下的页岩含油性。以松辽盆地白垩系青山口组页岩为例，选取处于低成熟和高成熟阶段的典型页岩样品。对不同粉碎程度的高成熟页岩，以及不同温度条件下的低成熟、高成熟页岩样品进行核磁共振序列检测，定量页岩样品粉碎过程和加热过程中的流体散失和赋存状态转化，确定页岩温度作用下的含油性特征。结果表明，页岩从标准柱塞粉碎到0.04 cm的过程中，其T2谱的形态、T1-T2谱总信号量和各含氢组分的信号量基本没有发生变化。因此，久置页岩样品在粉碎过程中不会导致残留流体进一步散失。随着页岩样品温度的升高，低成熟页岩中轻质油信号增加、水信号减少，高成熟页岩中油和水信号均减少。同时页岩含羟基化合物信号减少，待恢复室温后其信号量重新恢复。由此可见，随着温度升高，自由水持续挥发；低成熟页岩常温黏度较大的油前沥青由类固态转变为液态轻质油，100 ℃后核磁轻质油绝对量增加达107%；高成熟页岩油常温即为轻质油，升温使其挥发散失。含羟基化合物随着温度升降的减增，反映了温度对于黏土吸附水的控制作用。因此利用核磁共振评价低成熟页岩含油性时，要注意室温条件下油前沥青在温度作用下的赋存状态转化，避免页岩油含量的低估。

关键词: 页岩, T1-T2图谱, 原位含油, 地层温度, 赋存状态

Shale samples exposed to open environments experience major loss of light hydrocarbons due to pressure release, while simultaneously, the viscosity of retained hydrocarbons increases due to temperature reduction. These changes alter the state of hydrocarbons, making it difficult to accurately quantify shale oil content under in situ temperature and pressure conditions using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) at room temperature. This study examines shale from the Qingshankou Formation (Cretaceous) in the Songliao Basin. Representative shale samples at both low and high maturity stages were selected. NMR measurements were performed on high-maturity shale samples with varying degrees of pulverization, as well as on low- and high-maturity shale samples under different temperature conditions, to quantify fluid loss and state transformation during pulverization and heating and to determine oil content characteristics under the influence of temperature. Results showed that during shale crushing from standard plunger size to ~0.04 cm particles, the morphology of the T2 spectrum, the total T1-T2 signal, and the signal strength of each hydrogen-containing component remained largely unchanged. Therefore, prolonged exposure during crushing does not lead to significant residual fluid loss. With increasing temperature, light oil signals increased while water signals decreased in low-maturity shale; in high-maturity shale, both oil and water signals decreased. Additionally, the signal from hydroxyl compounds declined with heating but recovered upon returning to room temperature. These findings indicate that rising temperature leads to continuous free water evaporation. In low-maturity shale, pre-oil bitumen, which has high viscosity at room temperature, transforms from a solid-like state into liquid light oil. After heating to 100  °C, the absolute amount of NMR-detected light oil increased by 107%. In contrast, high-maturity shale oil bitumen already exists as light oil at room temperature and evaporates upon heating. The reversible change in hydroxyl-containing compounds with temperature rise and fall reflects the temperature-dependent water adsorption capacity of clay. Thus, when using NMR to evaluate oil content in low-maturity shale, the transformation of pre-oil bitumen under elevated temperatures must be considered to avoid underestimating shale oil content.

Key words: Shale, T1-T2 map, In-situ oil content, Formation temperatures, Fluid state

中图分类号: 

图1 松辽盆地构造单元划分和地层分布情况（据参考文献［23］修改）
（a）松辽盆地一级构造单元；（b）中央坳陷区二级构造单元及取心井位置；（c）地层发育柱状图
Fig. 1 Tectonic units and stratigraphy of the Songliao Basin （modified after reference ［23］）
（a） First-order tectonic units of the Songliao Basin； （b） Second-order tectonic units of the Central Depression and sampling well’s location； （c）General lithologic stratigraphy
表1 页岩样品有机地化及全岩矿物组成数据
Table 1 Organic geochemistry and whole-rock minerals for shale samples

样品

编号

深度/mS1/（mg/g）S2/（mg/g）TOC/%RO/%Tmax/℃HI/（mg/g）石英/%斜长石/%方解石/%铁白云石/%菱铁矿/%黄铁矿/%黏土/%
A12 487.301.392.542.081.4046512235.015.4014.61.95.227.9
B12 266.724.2810.855.911.2246218336.614.3013.40.71.133.9
B22 279.300.3526.495.591.2145247338.84.122.52.005.627.0
C11 132.321.7844.385.400.5544882117.76.166.9001.28.1
图2 页岩样品有机地化特征及矿物组成
（a）Tmax与生烃潜力指数交会图；（b）S2与总有机碳交会图；（c）矿物组成三角图
Fig. 2 Plots showing the geochemical data and mineralogical compositions of the shale samples
（a） Crossplot of Tmax and Hydrogen Index （HI）； （b） Crossplot of S2 and Total Organic Carbon （TOC）； （c） Ternary plot of the mineral composition
图3 页岩样品中固体沥青光学及电成像特征
（a）C1样品，油浸反射光，藻类体演化形成的油前沥青，具备藻类体的形状；（b）图（a）样品同一视域下油浸荧光，油前沥青在荧光下呈黑色；（c）B2样品，油浸反射光，生油阶段晚期的油后沥青，相比油前沥青，反射强度增强；（d）B2样品，油浸反射光，生油阶段晚期的油后沥青，相比油前沥青，反射强度增强；（e）C1样品，油前沥青具有流动构造特征；（f）B2样品，油后沥青具有填充孔隙特征，其上发育海绵状孔隙
Fig. 3 Opitcal and Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） characteristics of solid bitumen in shale samples
（a） C1 sample， oil immersed in reflected light， algae evolved into pre-oil pitch， with algal shape； （b）C1 sample， fluorescently immersed in oil under the same field of view， and the pre-oil bitumen is black under fluorescence； （c） B2 sample， oil immersed reflected light， the late oil generation stage of the post-oil bitumen， compared to the pre-oil bitumen， the reflection intensity is enhanced； （d） B2 sample， oil immersion reflects light， and the reflection intensity of post-oil bitumen in the late oil generation stage is enhanced compared with pre-oil bitumen； （e） C1 sample， the pre-oil bitumen has the characteristics of flow structure； （f） B2 sample， the post-oil bitumen has the characteristics of filling pores， and spongy pores are developed on it
图4 不同粉碎状态下页岩核磁二维谱图
A为类固体有机质信号区；B为含羟基化合物信号区；C为油信号区；D为水信号区
Fig. 4 2D NMR maps of shale samples in different crushing states
A is the signal region of solid-like organic matter； B is the signal region of hydroxyl compounds； C is the oil signal region； D is the water signal region
图5 不同粉碎粒径页岩核磁T2 谱图
Fig. 5 T2 spectra of shale with different crushing particle sizes
图6 不同粉碎粒径下页岩含 1H组分信号量
（a）不同粉碎粒径下A1和B1总信号量；（b）不同粉碎粒径下B2含1H各组分信号量；（c）不同粉碎粒径下A1含1H各组分信号量
Fig. 6 1H component signal intensity of the shale sample at different crushing particle sizes
（a） Total signal intensity for A1 and B1 at different particle sizes；（b）Signal intensity of 1H components for B2 at different particle sizes； （c）Signal intensity of 1H components for A1 at different particle sizes
图7 不同温度下页岩核磁T2 spectra和信号量变化对比图
（a）C1样品核磁T2图；（b）C1样品T2<0.1 ms信号量统计直方图；（c） C1样品T2>0.1 ms信号量统计直方图；（d） B1样品核磁T2图；（e）B1样品T2<0.1 ms信号量统计直方图；（f） B1样品T2>0.1 ms信号量统计直方图
Fig. 7 Comparison of shale NMR T2 spectra and signal amplitude variations under different temperatures
（a） T2 spectrum of sample C1； （b） Histogram of signal amplitudes with T2 < 0.1 ms for sample C1； （c） Histogram of signal amplitudes with T2> 0.1 ms for sample C1； （d） T2 spectrum of sample B1； （e） Histogram of signal amplitudes with T2 < 0.1 ms for sample B1； （f） Histogram of signal amplitudes with T2 > 0.1 ms for sample B1
图8 C1不同温度下页岩核磁二维谱图
A为类固体有机质信号区；B为含羟基化合物信号区；C为油信号区；D为水信号区
Fig. 8 2D NMR maps of C1 shale samples at different temperatures
A is the signal region of solid-like organic matter；B is the signal region of hydroxyl compounds； C is the oil signal region； D is the water signal region
图9 B1不同温度下页岩核磁二维谱图
A为类固体有机质信号区；B为含羟基化合物信号区；C为油信号区；D为水信号区
Fig. 9 2D NMR maps of B1 shale samples at different temperatures
A is the signal region of solid-like organic matter； B is the signal region of hydroxyl compounds； C is the oil signal region； D is the water signal region
图10 页岩样品总信号量随温度变化图
Fig. 10 Plots showing total signal quantity of shale samples with increasing temperature
图11 核磁轻质油和类固体有机质含量随温度变化图
（a） C1样品核磁轻质油含量；（b）B1样品核磁轻质油含量；（c） C1样品核磁类固体有机质含量；（d）B1样品核磁类固体有机质含量
Fig. 11 Plots showing signal quantity of NMR light oil and organic matter with increasing temperature
（a） C1 sample nuclear magnetic resonance light oil content； （b） B1 sample nuclear magnetic resonance light oil content； （c） C1 sample nuclear magnetic resonance solid-like organic matter content； （d） B1 sample nuclear magnetic resonance solid-like organic matter content
图12 不同含 1H组分ln（ T2 ）随温度变化图
（a）C1样品轻质油；（b） C1样品类固体有机质和轻质油；（c） B1样品轻质油；（d）B1样品类固体有机质和轻质油
Fig. 12 Plots showing ln（ T2 ） of heterogeneous 1H compounds with increasing temperature
（a） C1 sample light oil； （b）C1 solid-like organic matter and light oil； （c） B1 sample light oil； （d） B1 sample solid-like organic matter and light oil
图13 核磁水和含羟基化合物含量随温度变化图量
（a）C1样品核磁水含量；（b） B1样品核磁水含量；（c） C1样品核磁含羟基化合物含量；（d）B1样品核磁含羟基化合物含量
Fig. 13 Plots showing signal quantity of water and hydroxyl containing compounds with increasing temperature
（a） C1 sample nuclear magnetic resonance water content； （b） B1 sample nuclear magnetic resonance water content； （c） Content of nuclear magnetic resonance hydroxyl compounds in C1 sample； （d） Content of nuclear magnetic resonance hydroxyl compounds in B1 sample
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