地球科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 782 -799. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2016.08.0782.

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中国页岩气的储层类型及其制约因素
琚宜文 1, 2( ), 戚宇 1, 2, 房立志 1, 2, 朱洪建 1, 2, 王国昌 1, 2, 王桂梁 3   
  1. 1.中国科学院计算地球动力学重点实验室,北京 100049
    2.中国科学院大学地球科学学院,北京 100049
    3.中国矿业大学 资源与地球科学学院,江苏 徐州 221008
  • 收稿日期:2016-06-07 修回日期:2016-07-28 出版日期:2016-08-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“构造演化过程中泥页岩层变形作用及其富气机理研究”(编号:41530315);国家自然科学基金面上项目“页岩流变的纳米效应及其赋气机理研究”(编号:41372213)资助

China Shale Gas Reservoir Types and Its Controlling Factors

Yiwen Ju 1, 2( ), Yu Qi 1, 2, Lizhi Fang 1, 2, Hongjian Zhu 1, 2, Guochang Wang 1, 2, Guiliang Wang 3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    2.College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academic of Sciences,Beijing 100049, China
    3.School of Resource and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China
  • Received:2016-06-07 Revised:2016-07-28 Online:2016-08-20 Published:2016-08-20
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China “Research on shale deformation and its gas enrichment mechanism in tectonic evolution” (No.41530315);the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Research on nanometer effect of shale rheology and its gas occurrence mechanism” (No.41372213)

页岩气是重要的非常规天然气能源。按页岩气储层的沉积环境将页岩分为海相、海陆过渡相和陆相页岩3种类型,由此总结了中国海相、海陆过渡相和陆相富有机质页岩的地层、分布及储层特征。海相页岩单层厚度大、分布范围大,空间连续性好;海陆过渡相地层中页岩具有单层薄、累积厚度大、频繁互层的特征;陆相页岩在平面上规模相对小、展布受到河湖相的控制。不同沉积相页岩在气体成分、赋存状态、气体成因等方面具有一定的共性,但由于页岩气储层的沉积环境不同,海相、海陆过渡相和陆相页岩在厚度、分布和岩性组合特征等方面又有较大差别。对比中美主要产气页岩储层的制约因素,结果表明,有机质丰度、有机质演化程度、有机质类型等因素制约着页岩的生烃;矿物的比例及结构、有机质的演化程度、有机质类型、孔隙及裂隙结构、页岩气赋存及运移条件、埋藏深度和有效厚度等因素影响页岩气富集成藏。

Shale gas is an important unconventional natural gas. This paper classified shale into three types, which are marine, marine-continental transitional and continental facies shales, and summarized strata, distributions and reservoir features of the three kinds of shales. Marine face shale usually occurs in large scale and great thickness, and has widespread distributions; transitional face shale has the characteristics of thin layers, large multiple thickness and frequent interbedding, while the distribution of terrestrial face shale is relative narrow. Different shale reservoirs have similarities in gas compositions, occurrence states, gas origins. But they also differ in thickness, distributions and rock associations, etc., because of different sedimentary environments. Comparing reservoir characteristics of Chinese and American shale, organic matter abundance, maturity and types control the gas generation; mineral compositions and structures, organic matter maturity and types, pore and fracture structures, gas occurrence and migration characteristics, burial depth, and effective thickness control the shale gas accumulation.

中图分类号: 

图1 1990—2040年美国天然气产量对比(含预测) [ 1 ]
Fig.1 Natural gas production in the United States from 1990 to 2040 (including forecast) [ 1 ]
图2 中国海相页岩分布图 [ 31 ]
Fig.2 Distribution of marine shale in China [ 31 ]
图3 中国海陆过渡相页岩分布图 [ 31 ]
Fig.3 Distribution of transitional shale in China [ 31 ]
图4 中国湖相页岩分布图 [ 31 ]
Fig.4 Distribution Lacustrine shale in China [ 31 ]
表1 海相、海陆过渡相与陆相页岩地层特征
Table 1 The characteristics of marine, transitional and continental shale
表2 中国和美国主要产气页岩有机地球化学特征
Table 2 The organic geochemical characteristics of the main gas producing shale in China and the United States
图5 中美典型页岩TOC值(数据收集于参考文献[21,54~57])
Fig.5 TOC value of typical Chinese and American shale (data from references[21,54~57])
图6 中美典型页岩热演化程度(数据收集于参考文献[21,54~57])
Fig.6 Maturation of typical Chinese and American shale (data from references[21,54~57])
表3 中国和美国主要产气页岩的储层特征
Table 3 The characteristics of the main gas shale in China and the United States
图7 中国典型海相、海陆过渡相和陆相页岩与美国典型页岩矿物组成(据参考文献[99,100]修改)
Fig.7 Mineral components of typical Chinese marine, transitional and terrestrial shale, and typical American Marcellus and Barnett shale(modified after references[99,100])
图8 中国海相、海陆过渡相和陆相页岩孔隙特征 [ 108 ~ 110 ]
(a)为四川盆地东部海相龙马溪页岩矿物粒间孔;(b)为四川盆地东部海相筇竹寺组页岩有机质孔;(c)和(d)分别为湘中涟源凹陷海陆过渡相二叠系龙潭组页岩矿物残留粒间孔和有机质孔;(e)和(f)为鄂尔多斯盆地湖相延长组页岩粒间孔、微裂隙和有机质孔等,均为扫描电镜图片
Fig.8 OM pores within marine, transitional and terrestrial shale in China [ 108 ~ 110 ]
(a) and (b) are marine shale in the eastern part of Sichuan Basin; (c) and (d) are transitional shale in middle of Hunan Province; (e) and (f) are terrestrial shale of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin
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