基于NMR和X-CT的页岩储层孔隙结构研究
  <sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.05.0624

为了定量表征页岩储层孔隙结构,应用NMR和CT扫描技术研究中扬子地区陡山沱组页岩储层孔隙结构特征。研究结果表明：①陡山沱组页岩横向弛豫时间(T₂)谱为非对称不连续双峰结构,且T₂谱的谱峰小,代表页岩孔隙直径小；②发育微孔隙、微裂缝的页岩密度最小,在CT灰度图像中表现为黑色,CT灰度图像经伪彩色增强,可以更直接地观察页岩内部孔隙发育特征；③页岩的三元组构中,矿物、有机组分和孔隙分别具有不同的CT 数分布区间,通常孔隙的CT 数都小于300 HU,因此可通过CT 数来定量识别孔隙；④根据NMR的T₂截止值计算了页岩有效孔隙度,并分析了页岩储层中可动流体百分数。

关键词: 页岩气, 陡山沱组, 孔隙结构, CT数

From the angle of refinement, nondestructive and quantitative characterization, NMR and CT scanning techniques were used for shale reservoir of pore structure. The results show that: ①The shale T₂ spectrum as the asymmetric continuous double peak structure, no single peak T₂ spectrum, spectral peak is the peak representing the development of pores; ② The shale micro pore, micro cracks is in the minimum density, CT in gray image is black, gray image by pseudo color enhancement, can more directly observe of shale internal porosity characteristics; ③ The three tuple shale structure, minerals, organic components and pore are of different CT number and CT distribution interval, CT number of pores are usually less than 300 HU, so it can be through the CT number to quantitatively identify pore; ④According to the shale NMR resonance experiment T₂ cutoff value of the effective porosity calculation of shale, mobile fluid percent in shale reservoirs was analyzed.

Key words: Shale gas, Doushantuo Formation, Pore structure, CT number.

中图分类号:

P618.130.2+1

表1 样品基础分析数据

Table 1 Fundamental analysis of samples

样品编号	岩性	TOC/ %	粘土矿物含量/ %	脆性矿物(石英+方解石)含量/ %
N1	页岩	1.29	39.2	44.2
N2	页岩	1.42	44.1	39.5
N3	页岩	1.66	24.4	64.3
N4	页岩	1.52	34.3	43.2
N5	页岩	1.43	42.2	41.1
N6	页岩	1.39	36.3	43.6

表1 样品基础分析数据

Table 1 Fundamental analysis of samples

样品编号	岩性	TOC/ %	粘土矿物含量/ %	脆性矿物(石英+方解石)含量/ %
N1	页岩	1.29	39.2	44.2
N2	页岩	1.42	44.1	39.5
N3	页岩	1.66	24.4	64.3
N4	页岩	1.52	34.3	43.2
N5	页岩	1.43	42.2	41.1
N6	页岩	1.39	36.3	43.6

图1 N1页岩样品核磁共振T ₂谱

Fig.1 NMR T ₂ spectrum of N1 sample

图2 N1页岩样品扫描电镜照片

Fig.2 SEM photos of N1 sample

图3 页岩样品显微CT图像

Fig. 3 Micro CT images of Shale samples

图4 页岩样品显微CT图像的伪彩色增强

Fig. 4 Pseudo color enhancement from micro CT images in shale samples

图5 N1页岩样品空隙、矿物和有机质的CT数识别

Fig. 5 CT number identification of N1 shale sample

表2 样品物性分析数据

Table 2 Physical properties analysis of samples

样品编号	深度/m	长度/cm	直径/cm	孔隙度/%	脉冲渗透率/md
N1	627.4	1.935	2.5	1.68	0.000387
N2	627.35	1.945	2.5	1.98	0.000520
N3	617.1	2.231	2.5	2.13	0.000421
N4	615.25	2.225	2.5	1.24	0.000354
N5	595.2	2.101	2.5	2.61	0.00041
N6	589.15	1.991	2.5	3.86	0.075420

表2 样品物性分析数据

Table 2 Physical properties analysis of samples

样品编号	深度/m	长度/cm	直径/cm	孔隙度/%	脉冲渗透率/md
N1	627.4	1.935	2.5	1.68	0.000387
N2	627.35	1.945	2.5	1.98	0.000520
N3	617.1	2.231	2.5	2.13	0.000421
N4	615.25	2.225	2.5	1.24	0.000354
N5	595.2	2.101	2.5	2.61	0.00041
N6	589.15	1.991	2.5	3.86	0.075420

图6 残余、有效孔隙度的求取方法(N1号样)

Fig. 6 Calculating method for residual, effective porosity (N1 shale sample)

表3 核磁共振实验结果表

Table 3 NMR results of shale samples

样品编号	核磁孔隙度/%	核磁分析结果
		缝微/微裂缝百分数/%	含水饱和度/%		含气饱和度/%
		缝微/微裂缝百分数/%	饱和水状态	200psi离心后	200psi离心后
N1	2.64	11.26	100	77.62	22.38
N2	2.29	8.44	100	86.52	13.48
N3	0.93	3.64	100	97.20	2.80
N4	1.35	3.72	100	91.09	8.91
N5	1.82	7.20	100	80.63	19.37
N6	1.35	6.03	100	85.42	14.58

表3 核磁共振实验结果表

Table 3 NMR results of shale samples

样品编号	核磁孔隙度/%	核磁分析结果
		缝微/微裂缝百分数/%	含水饱和度/%		含气饱和度/%
		缝微/微裂缝百分数/%	饱和水状态	200psi离心后	200psi离心后
N1	2.64	11.26	100	77.62	22.38
N2	2.29	8.44	100	86.52	13.48
N3	0.93	3.64	100	97.20	2.80
N4	1.35	3.72	100	91.09	8.91
N5	1.82	7.20	100	80.63	19.37
N6	1.35	6.03	100	85.42	14.58

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摘要

Application of NMR and X-CT Technology in the Pore Structure Study of Shale Gas Reservoirs