北美页岩油气研究进展及对中国陆相页岩油气勘探的思考
  <sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.06.0700

北美在海相页岩油气的勘探开发中已获得巨大成功,研究表明,页岩油和页岩气形成条件和赋存状态虽然具有较多的共性,但也存在一定差异。共性为二者均呈“连续型”分布于沉积盆地的斜坡和中心带,具有工业开采价值的页岩油气均产自有机质丰度高、脆性矿物含量高、存在异常高压的页岩地层。两者的差异性表现在页岩气的产生具有多源性和多阶性,即页岩气既可来自Ⅰ-Ⅱ型有机质,也可来自Ⅲ型有机质,但页岩油主要来自Ⅰ-Ⅱ型有机质;页岩气可形成于有机质成熟作用的任何阶段,但页岩油是有机质处于成熟阶段的产物。由于页岩油和页岩气分子直径和结构的差异导致两者在页岩中的赋存状态和开采机制存在一定差别。勘探实践表明,中国陆相盆地存在着丰富的页岩油气资源,如何利用这些资源,有针对性地研究其勘探开发技术,是我国页岩油气勘探开发面临的重要问题。

关键词: 储集空间, 形成条件, 成熟度, 赋存状态, 含油气性

The successful practice for shale gas/oil exploration and development in North American marine shale areas show that, there are not only many similarities, but also some differences in formation conditions and existence states between shale oil and shale gas. The common characteristics of shale oil and shale gas are that shale oil and shale gas are all accumulated in slope or syncline areas of basin, in the form of “continuously reservoir”, and that commercial value shale oil and commercial value shale gas are all found in high organic materials content, high brittle mineral amount, and abnormal high fluid pressures shale strata. The main difference between shale gas and shale oil is that the shale gas has more origins and more generation stages than shale oil. The shale gas can generate from all type of kerogens, which inclues typeⅠ,type Ⅱand type Ⅲ, while the shale oil only generate form kerogens of typeⅠand type Ⅱ. The shale gas can form in all stages of organic material thermal evolution, while the shale oil can form only in “oil window” stage. Molecular diameter and structure differences between gas and oil also affect factors determining the existing state differences between shale gas and shale oil, and these differences require different exploitation methods to be taken for shale gas and for shale oil. It is convinced by exploration practice that there are great amount of shale gas and shale oil in continental basins of China. However, how to take or develop effective methods aiming at these resources is a critical problem for further shale gas/oil exploration and exploitation in China.

Key words: Maturity, Oil/gas potential, Forming condition., Reservoir space, Existence state

中图分类号:

P618.13

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摘要

Advancements in Shale Oil/Gas Research in North American and Considerations on Exploration for Lacustrine Shale Oil/Gas in China