地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 424 -438. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.029

研究论文 上一篇    

煤系烃源岩中高丰度三环萜烷的组成特征及其成因探讨
夏柳青1,2(), 张敏1,2(), 吴喻祥1,2   
  1. 1.长江大学资源与环境学院 油气地球化学与环境湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430100
    2.长江大学 油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430100
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-22 修回日期:2025-03-25 出版日期:2025-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 张敏 E-mail:xialiuqing1020@qq.com;zmjpu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42072165)

Discussion on Composition Characteristics and Genesis of High Abundance Tricyclic Terpanes in Coal-Measure Source Rocks

Liuqing XIA1,2(), Min ZHANG1,2(), Yuxiang WU1,2   

  1. 1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment, School of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
  • Received:2025-02-22 Revised:2025-03-25 Online:2025-04-10 Published:2025-06-03
  • Contact: Min ZHANG E-mail:xialiuqing1020@qq.com;zmjpu@163.com
  • About author:XIA Liuqing, research areas include organic geochemistry. E-mail: xialiuqing1020@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42072165)

三环萜烷系列化合物的相对丰度对揭示有机质来源、沉积环境和热演化程度等具有重要意义。常规煤系烃源岩三环萜烷含量通常偏低,然而在鄂尔多斯和塔里木盆地煤系烃源岩中却检测到了异常高丰度的三环萜烷(相对于藿烷),因此深入探讨其分布模式、组成特征及成因机制具有重要意义。采用常规地球化学分析方法和色谱—质谱技术,对鄂尔多斯和塔里木盆地的30个煤系烃源岩样品的分子地球化学特征进行了详细剖析。研究表明,煤系烃源岩中三环萜烷呈现2种不同的丰度模式:低丰度三环萜烷(∑TT/C30H<2)和高丰度三环萜烷(∑TT/C30H>2)。低丰度三环萜烷样品表现为C19-21TT下降型分布模式,形成于淡水偏氧化环境,生烃母质以高等植物为主,热演化程度为低成熟;高丰度三环萜烷样品则以C23TT或C21TT为主峰,形成于咸化、富硫的沉积环境,生烃母质主要为细菌及低等水生生物,热演化程度达到成熟—高熟阶段。通过成熟度、沉积环境及母质输入相关参数,与∑TT/C30H值的相关性分析发现,表征沉积环境和生烃母质的参数与∑TT/C30H值的相关性更为显著。在偏咸化、高硫含量的成煤环境及生烃母质中,高等植物经微生物改造生成的次生产物输入的增加是煤系烃源岩抽提物中高丰度三环萜烷形成的主要控制因素,而成熟度则为次要影响因素。对煤系烃源岩中高丰度三环萜烷的组成特征及成因机制的研究,可为煤系油气勘探与评价提供重要的指示意义。

The relative abundance of tricyclic terpanes is an important indicator of organic matter origin, depositional environment, and thermal evolution. While traditional coal-measure source rocks typically exhibit low tricyclic terpane contents, anomalously high abundances (relative to hopanes) have been observed in source rocks from the Ordos and Tarim Basins. Therefore, detailed investigations into their distribution patterns, compositional characteristics, and formation mechanisms are of substantial significance. This study employed conventional geochemical analysis methods and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to systematically characterize the molecular geochemical features of 30 coal-measure source rock samples from the study area. The results show that tricyclic terpanes in coal-measure source rocks exhibit two distinct abundance patterns: low abundance (∑TT/C30H<2) and high abundance (∑TT/C30H>2). The low-abundance tricyclic terpane samples exhibit a decreasing C19-21TT distribution, formed in freshwater, oxidizing environments, with hydrocarbon-generating parent material primarily derived from higher plants under low thermal maturity conditions. The high-abundance tricyclic terpane samples showed distribution patterns with C23TT or C21TT as the dominant peak, formed in saline, sulfur-rich depositional environments. The hydrocarbon-generating parent material was mainly derived from bacteria and lower aquatic organisms, reaching mature to highly mature thermal evolution stages. Correlation analysis of maturity, depositional environment, and parent material input parameters with ∑TT/C30H values revealed that depositional environment and source material characteristics had a stronger correlation with tricyclic terpane abundance than thermal maturity. The findings suggest that brackish, high-sulfur coal-forming environments and increased contributions of secondary products from microbial transformation of higher plants are the primary controlling factors for high tricyclic terpane abundance in coal-measure source rock extracts, whereas thermal maturity is a secondary factor. The molecular compositions and formation mechanisms of high-abundance tricyclic terpanes provide crucial geochemical evidence for identifying coal-forming environments, characterizing hydrocarbon-generating organic matter, and evaluating thermal maturity, thereby offering theoretical and practical guidance for coal-measure hydrocarbon exploration.

中图分类号: 

表1 煤系烃源岩样品基础地球化学特征
Table 1 Basic geochemical parameters of coal-measure source rock samples
地区样品编号深度层位岩性TOC/%S1+S2/(mg/g)IH/(mg/g)RO/%Tmax/℃MDRTMNr3
鄂尔多斯盆地WD-3地表露头P1s51.9525.77670.6644117.200.44
BD-2地表露头P1s43.88105.722000.684321.340.13
BD-13地表露头P1t38.4824.14450.664352.730.14
BD-16地表露头P1t炭质泥岩10.8917.451054341.420.21
BD-3地表露头P1s泥岩5.383.51514381.660.15
PL-2地表露头P1s泥岩1.692.201074371.300.14
S-72 697.68~2 697.77 mP1s33.0569.451631.1547838.290.95
Y-62 733.60~2 734.84 mP1s62.227.7321.1247536.450.89
CC-10地表露头C2b33.181.1621.635179.330.57
WD-17地表露头C2y65.260.13100.9453717.590.63
CC-2地表露头P1s炭质泥岩6.912.52271.5852142.040.91
Y-92 744.40~2 749.41 mP1s炭质泥岩23.5453.131441.2047431.200.92
Y-22 696.11~2 701.95 mP2sh泥岩2.201.10391.1648632.480.89
SU-13 155.03~3 155.97 mP1s泥岩2.512.05580.824557.810.85
WD-11地表露头P1t泥岩4.150.3385189.120.59
LL-7地表露头P1t泥岩0.390.14351.1350215.330.60
CC-9地表露头C2b泥岩3.430.17353528.590.72
WD-14地表露头C2y泥岩1.440.1050.875059.370.68
HC-1地表露头P1t炭质泥岩17.390.8131.3356226.530.90
LL-9地表露头P1t炭质泥岩10.000.6841.235213.980.69
塔里木盆地KC8地表露头T3h467.19227.974160.654371.680.15
KC13地表露头T3t59.45119.603660.554321.950.17
KC89地表露头J2q78.0122.39270.584303.120.32
KC76地表露头J2k163.6038.47570.674390.42
KC93地表露头J2q56.2419.561084330.37
KC52地表露头J1y166.3219.41284410.00
KP38地表露头J2k246.4019.483950711.970.79
KP36地表露头J2k1炭质泥岩14.665.534647015.160.82
KP37地表露头J2k180.7040.20831.1248418.440.83
KP26地表露头J1y2泥岩1.260.402250632.100.70
表2 煤系烃源岩中不同丰度三环萜烷分子地球化学特征参数表
Table 2 Molecular geochemical characteristic parameters of different abundances of tricyclic terpenes in coal-measure source rocks
等级样品编号∑TT/C30H主峰碳分子地球化学参数
123456789101112131415161718
低丰度WD-30.28C19TT0.023.841.450.3386.127.296.5932.540.000.0036.4063.600.000.200.520.010.110.96
BD-20.18C19TT0.022.861.600.5393.082.844.086.760.045.9840.9453.080.110.080.210.070.340.83
BD-130.29C19TT0.035.292.840.4871.3115.0513.635.630.0511.0326.4462.530.180.260.130.150.160.95
BD-160.22C19TT0.032.281.080.2383.716.909.3911.610.0011.3230.1158.570.190.070.220.180.230.60
BD-30.12C19TT0.052.490.880.1980.549.589.876.640.006.3430.4463.220.100.070.110.070.290.42
PL-20.11C19TT0.023.541.550.2669.1015.2315.6713.580.010.0022.2277.780.000.110.440.280.370.56
KC80.05C19TT0.029.295.230.4775.4214.1410.4312.740.0218.933.8877.190.050.020.140.070.380.64
KC130.08C19TT0.027.531.660.2285.808.465.7330.680.0313.526.2480.240.080.060.310.010.331.03
KC890.15C19TT0.037.681.890.2877.9212.229.8620.250.0217.734.7477.520.060.080.250.010.210.98
KC760.16C19TT0.036.861.920.2488.096.954.9631.370.0312.234.8382.950.060.110.220.000.100.88
KC930.47C19TT0.026.223.710.4861.8121.7616.433.510.0216.287.2476.480.090.220.190.000.130.86
KC520.57C19TT0.036.340.920.1664.1421.7614.116.280.0919.046.9773.990.090.300.290.000.111.55
高丰度S-72.75C23TT0.150.480.220.3829.7630.2539.990.540.2732.9527.2239.830.830.870.283.170.011.17
Y-63.01C23TT0.180.390.450.4228.5830.5640.860.500.3537.6229.3932.991.140.700.432.170.022.27
CC-104.33C23TT0.160.651.151.2324.6735.0440.290.460.2942.9827.9729.051.481.020.232.150.090.85
WD-173.18C23TT0.160.800.580.6127.2935.3737.350.500.2438.9729.8431.191.250.900.271.380.081.39
CC-23.40C21TT0.150.630.200.7631.0735.2233.710.460.2335.1628.6636.180.971.070.2715.120.013.01
Y-94.40C23TT0.180.380.310.5122.8733.2643.870.620.3939.2228.1032.681.200.830.363.190.010.82
Y-23.20C23TT0.170.520.430.6024.9135.4439.650.600.3034.6931.4933.821.030.550.263.600.020.52
SU-12.86C23TT0.100.830.250.2732.7333.4833.790.770.3926.9830.6042.420.640.540.270.440.031.62
WD-114.02C21TT0.161.130.230.1932.1934.8033.010.550.2239.6627.3832.961.201.480.271.510.081.45
LL-73.70C23TT0.150.690.360.2721.3934.6743.950.470.3232.3030.4537.250.871.420.167.700.061.13
CC-92.79C23TT0.180.720.881.0626.0535.2338.720.500.2139.0825.9734.951.120.920.298.150.061.07
WD-144.45C21TT0.140.900.320.3027.5236.4236.060.510.1933.4723.5942.930.781.400.211.280.061.24
HC-18.84C23TT0.160.320.860.9223.9136.1939.900.480.3542.5726.7730.671.392.040.341.010.020.69
LL-97.20C23TT0.170.540.440.5925.8836.2637.860.510.3639.0328.9432.031.222.040.4167.760.061.03
KP384.25C23TT0.250.510.590.9629.5830.5539.870.610.4426.5636.9936.451.010.690.220.830.032.03
KP369.08C21TT0.300.220.731.5530.6034.8934.510.700.4729.1940.9029.911.371.240.230.840.032.44
KP379.35C23TT0.190.910.550.5440.5230.0929.390.720.8128.8029.2441.950.701.480.310.330.032.87
KP2610.66C21TT0.150.471.071.5027.3737.3435.290.770.3226.0839.1134.811.123.230.296.450.052.40
表3 煤系烃源岩中不同丰度三环萜烷化合物内组成特征
Table 3 Internal composition characteristics of tricyclic terpenes with different abundances in coal-measure source rocks
图1 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤系烃源岩样品可溶有机质中饱和烃色谱图
Fig. 1 Chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbons in soluble organic matter of the Upper Paleozoic coal-measure source rock samples in the Ordos Basin
图2 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤系烃源岩样品三环萜烷分布( m/z=191
Fig. 2 Tricyclic terpane distribution of the Upper Paleozoic coal-measure source rock samples in the Ordos Basinm/z=191
图3 煤系烃源岩中不同丰度三环萜烷类化合物内组成关系图
Fig. 3 Compositional relationship diagram of tricyclic terpanes with varying abundances in coal-measure source rocks
图4 煤系烃源岩Ph/nC18-Pr/nC17Pr/Ph-GIPr/Ph-ADBT/ADBFdia/dia+regC27 甾烷-C21+22/C21+22+C27-29 )甾烷的二元关系图(据参考文献[31-34]修改)
(c)1A区为海相碳酸盐岩环境,1B区为海相泥灰岩、湖相富硫环境,1C和1D区为湖沼环境中成熟泥岩和高阶煤,2区为湖相贫硫环境,3区为海相页岩和其他湖泊相环境,4区为河流和三角洲环境
Fig. 4 Binary relationship diagram of Ph/nC18-Pr/nC17Pr/Ph-GIPr/Ph-ADBT/ADBFdia/dia+regC27 sterane-C21+22/C21+22+C27-29sterane in coal-measure source rocksmodified after references31-34])
(c) Zone 1A represents a marine carbonate depositional environment; Zone 1B represents marine marlstone and a lacustrine sulfur-rich setting; Zones 1C and 1D represent mature mudstones and high-rank coals deposited in a lacustrine-swamp environment; Zone 2 represents a sulfur-deficient lacustrine facies; Zone 3 represents marine shales and other lacustrine depositional environments; Zone 4 represents fluvial and deltaic sedimentary systems
图5 煤系烃源岩三角图(据参考文献[1038]修改)
(a)C27-C28-C29ααα20R甾烷三角图;(b)C19+20TT-C21TT-C23TT三角图
Fig. 5 Coal-measure source rocks triangles diagrammodified after references1038])
(a) Triangular diagram of C27-C28-C29ααα20R steranes;(b) Triangular diagram of C19+20TT-C21TT-C23TT
图6 煤系烃源岩C27/C29 规则甾烷与C24TeT/C26TT (a)、C28+29TT/C30 H和1,2,5-TMN/∑TMN (b)的二元关系图
Fig. 6 Binary relationship diagram of C27/C29 regular sterane and C24TeT/C26TT (a), C28+29TT/C30H and 125-TMN/∑TMN (b) in coal-measure source rocks
图7 煤系烃源岩∑TT/C30HROTmaxMDRTMNr3 的二元关系图
Fig. 7 Binary relationship diagram of ∑TT/C30H with ROTmaxMDRTMNr3 in coal-measure source rocks
图8 煤系烃源岩∑TT/C30H值与成熟度、沉积环境、生烃母质相关参数相关性分析图
Fig. 8 Correlation analysis diagram between ∑TT/C30H and maturitysedimentary environmentand related parameters of hydrocarbon source rocks in coal-measure source rocks
表4 煤系烃源岩中不同丰度三环萜烷地质—分子地球化学特征
Table 4 Geological⁃geochemical parameters of different types of different abundances of tricyclic terpenes in coal-measure source rocks
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