鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田下石盒子组储层成岩作用特征

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.02.0212

鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田二叠系下石盒子组储层砂岩具有成分成熟度低，结构成熟度中等到好的特点, 岩性以岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主。砂岩属于特低孔特低渗储层, 以次生溶蚀粒间孔为主要储集空间。储层成岩作用主要包括压实、溶解、胶结和交代4种, 目前处于中成岩阶段B期。成岩作用对储集物性的影响主要表现在孔隙度和渗透率两方面。机械压实作用主要发育于成岩阶段早期, 是造成下石盒子组储层埋深小于2 350 m砂岩原生孔隙大量丧失、渗透率急剧减小的主要原因, 随着埋藏深度的增加, 其对储层物性的影响逐渐减弱。胶结作用对储层物性的破坏主要表现为各种胶结物的沉淀析出、充填孔隙及堵塞喉道, 其中孔隙衬里绿泥石和碳酸盐胶结物对储层物性的影响具有双重性, 孔隙衬里绿泥石对储集物性的建设性大于破坏性, 其减弱了机械压实强度, 抑制了硅质胶结物的发育, 并为后期酸性有机流体的进入以及溶解产物的带出提供了有效通道, 有利于溶蚀孔隙的发育; 早期碳酸盐胶结物减弱了压实作用对储集物性的破坏强度, 并为后期溶解作用的发育提供了物质基础, 而后期碳酸盐胶结物充填孔隙, 堵塞喉道, 对储集物性起破坏作用。溶解作用是导致次生孔隙发育及改善砂岩储集性能的主要因素, 下石盒子组储层在埋深2 400、2 500和2 670 m附近存在3个次生溶蚀孔隙发育带。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 大牛地气田, 下石盒子组, 成岩作用, 储层物性

Reservoir sandstones of the Permian lower Shihezi formation in Daniudi gas field of Ordos basin, mainly consist of lithic quartz sandstone and litharenite, with low compositional maturity and median-high textural maturity. It belongs to extra-low porosity and permeability reservoir, with dissolved intergranular pores as the chief accumulation space. The lower Shihezi formation reservoir sandstones are now in the B stage of mesodiagenesis, the main diagenesis of which includes compaction, cementation, dissolution and replacement. The mechanical compaction, which principally takes place in the early time of burial history, is the predominant reason for reservoir quality destruction of lower Shihezi formation sandstones with burial depth shallower than 2 350 m. The different cementation and dissolution take place progressively with the burial depth increasing, making the destruction degree resulted by mechanical compaction weakened. The destruction impact of cementation is characterized by precipitation of different cement in primary and secondary pores. The cementation of pore-lining chlorite and carbonate exert two different influences on reservoir quality. The construction influence of pore-lining chlorite cementation on lower Shihezi formation reservoir quality is prior to destruction. The pore-lining chlorite can preserve some primary intergrannular porosity by weakening the degree of mechanical compaction and inhibiting the subsequent generation of quartz cement, furthermore, provide the passageway for the entrance of acid fluid of the A stage of mesodiagenesis and flowout of dissolved resultant product, making a large number of secondary pores produced. On the one hand, for the cementation of early stage carbonate, it not only weakens the destruction degree of mechanical compaction, but also provides favourable condition for the late disslotion; on the other hand, for the cementation of late stage carbonate, it precipitates in the pores and obstructs the throats, making the reservoir quality destructed heavily. Dissolution of the reservoir sandstones is the main factor of the development of secondary pores, which can improve the physical property of the reservoir sandstones. There are three dissolution zones in the lower Shihezi formation sandstones, located in the vicinity of 2 400 m, 2 500 m and 2 670 m perspectively.

Key words: Ordos Basin, Daniudi gas field, Lower Shihezi formation, Diagenesis, Reservoir quality

中图分类号:

P581

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摘要

Diagenesis Characteristics of the Reservoir Sandstones in Lower Shihezi Formation from Daniudi Gas Field, Ordos Basin