地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 276 -291. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.03.0276

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桌子山中奥陶统克里摩里组下段薄层状石灰岩垂向序列分析
李向东( ), 阙易, 郇雅棋   
  1. 昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南 昆明 650093
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-09 修回日期:2017-02-01 出版日期:2017-03-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“阿拉善地块东南缘与鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中、上奥陶统浊流演化及其与内波相互作用研究”(编号 41272119)资助

Analysis of Vertical Sedimentary Successions in the Lower Part of Kelimoli Formation, Middle Ordovician, Zhuozishan Area

Xiangdong Li( ), Yi Que, Yaqi Huan   

  1. School of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • Received:2016-11-09 Revised:2017-02-01 Online:2017-03-20 Published:2017-03-20
  • About author:

    First author:Li Xiangdong (1973-), male, Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, Lecturer. Research areas include marine sedimentology.E-mail:Lixiangdong614@163.com

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study of the evolution of turbidity currents and its interaction with internal waves of Middle and Upper Ordovician on the southeastern margin of Alxa block and western margin of Ordos Basin”(No.41272119)
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高旋回性薄层石灰岩一般沉积于斜坡和深水盆地环境中,良好地保存了有关天文旋回的信息,具有重要的研究意义。鄂尔多斯盆地西缘内蒙桌子山地区中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶克里摩里组下段发育韵律性极好的薄层石灰岩与页岩,是较为理想的研究层位。在详细的野外观察和测量的基础上,结合石灰岩稀土元素及其他相关微量元素测试结果,对克里摩里组下段薄层状石灰岩的垂向沉积序列进行详细分析,结果如下:① 薄层石灰岩由4种垂向序列(旋回束)组成,分别为向上变薄序列、向上变厚序列、双向序列和波动序列;② 在剖面上可划分出145个薄层石灰岩与极薄层页岩对、33个旋回束和7个超旋回束;③(La/Nd)N值和Mn/Fe值总的变化趋势一致,从下到上呈减小趋势,但波动较大;④ 稀土元素总量和铕异常值曲线具有良好的镜像关系,与(La/Nd)N值具有耦合关系;⑤ 石灰岩晶粒大小曲线、V/Cr和V/(V+Ni)值曲线形态相似,变化一致,总体上从下到上由小变大再变小,与(La/Nd)N值曲线总体上具有相似性,但局部常出现镜像关系。依据沉积序列的类型、在剖面上的分布及各参数在垂向上的关系,在已有研究成果基础上可以得出以下结论:① 双向序列可能受控于等深流强度(米兰柯维奇旋回),向上变薄序列与波动序列可能受控于海平面的变化,向上变厚序列可能受控于构造作用;② 受米兰柯维奇旋回控制的等深流作用贯穿整个沉积,反映的沉积时限不少于2.9 Ma;③ 垂向上沉积演化受控于次级沉积控制因素构造作用和海平面上升,两者在垂向上交替作用,共反映出2个构造活跃阶段。

关键词: 薄层石灰岩, 米兰柯维奇旋回, 稀土元素, 鄂尔多斯盆地, 中奥陶统

There is significance to study high-frequency cyclicity thin-bedded limestone which deposited in carbonate ramp and deep-water basin for its well record of astronomic cycles. And there is an ideal section for these studies in the lower part of Kelimoli Formation, in Darriwilian Stage, Middle Ordovician of western Ordos Basin(Zhuozishan area in Inner Mongolia) for its well rhythmic alternations of thin-bedded limestones and mudstones. This work focused on detailed vertical sedimentary successions analysis of these thin-bedded limestones based on detailed field work, as well as the data of rare earth elements and other related trace elements in limestones. The results show as follows: ① there are four types of sedimentary successions(bundles) in thin-bedded limestones, including thinning-upward succession, thickening-upward succession, bidirectional succession(thickening- and thinning-upward) and waving-upward succession; ② the section consists of 145 limestone-mudstone rhythmics, 33 bundles and 7 superbundles; ③ the variation in(La/Nd)N and Mn/Fe molar ratios of limestones along with depth have a similar trend which decreases from bottom to top in general, but have some anomalies distribution; ④ the variation in REE concentrations and Eu anomalies along with depth have a perfect enantiomorphous relationship as well as coupling with the molar ratios of(La/Nd)N; ⑤ the variation of crystal size, V/Cr and V/(V+Ni) molar ratios also have a similar trend which is increasing and then decreasing from bottom to top, and have some local enantiomorphous relationship with the molar ratios of(La/Nd)N in the overall similar distribution patterns. Some conclusion can be drawn according to the types of sedimentary successions and its distribution in profile as well as the ratios of some geochemical parameter along depth based on previous works. These include: ① thickening-upward and bidirectional successions maybe reflect the intensity of tectonism and contour current which is controlled by Milankovitch cycle respectively, and the rising of sea level may be was responsible both for the thinning-upward and waving-upward successions; ② the intensity of contour current which is controlled by Milankovitch cycle was acted throughout the depositions, and the range of deposition time is not less than 2.9 Ma; ③ the vertical sedimentary evolution is perhaps controlled by the alternating of tectonism and rising sea levels, and the section suggests two tectonic stages.

Key words: Thin-bedded limestone, Milankovitch cycle, Rare earth element, Ordos Basin, Middle Ordovician.

中图分类号: 

图1 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中奥陶世达瑞威尔期古地理略图 [ 12 ]
Fig.1 Sketch showing paleogeography of Darriwilian in Middle Ordovician, western Ordos Basin [ 12 ]
表1 石峡谷剖面克里摩里组石灰岩稀土及相关微量元素分析结果
Table 1 REE and other trace elements concentrations for limestones of Kelimoli Formation, Shixiagu Section
编号 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y ∑REE (Eu/
Eu*)N		 (La/
Nd)N		 Fe Mn V Cr Ni Mn/Fe V/Cr V/
(V+Ni)
10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-2 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-4
28-1 4.71 9.02 1.01 3.84 0.67 0.15 0.66 0.1 0.52 0.1 0.29 0.04 0.26 0.04 3.07 21.41 1.12 1.06 0.2 87.8 6.61 6.47 5.73 439 1.02 0.54
28-2 4.43 8.3 0.94 3.41 0.59 0.15 0.57 0.08 0.48 0.09 0.25 0.04 0.22 0.03 2.71 19.58 1.32 1.13 0.19 79.8 5.67 6.96 3.86 420 0.81 0.59
28-3 6.51 13 1.58 6.3 1.13 0.26 1.05 0.15 0.84 0.15 0.4 0.06 0.37 0.06 4.63 31.86 1.2 0.9 0.4 123 8.64 8.79 5.4 308 0.98 0.62
28-4 7.89 15.5 1.89 7.38 1.26 0.27 1.19 0.18 0.91 0.18 0.51 0.07 0.47 0.07 5.4 37.77 1.09 0.93 0.24 111 9.34 8 4.95 463 1.17 0.65
28-5 5.7 11.8 1.45 5.6 0.96 0.24 0.9 0.13 0.73 0.13 0.37 0.05 0.29 0.05 3.89 28.40 1.3 0.88 0.25 115 6.3 6.97 5.82 460 0.90 0.52
28-6 4.33 8.16 0.93 3.31 0.64 0.13 0.57 0.09 0.48 0.09 0.27 0.1 0.24 0.04 2.74 19.38 1.04 1.13 0.21 92.5 5.96 4.39 3.72 440 1.36 0.62
28-7 2.75 4.75 0.51 1.95 0.3 0.09 0.32 0.05 0.24 0.05 0.14 0.02 0.11 0.02 1.52 11.30 1.45 1.22 0.14 74.3 4.02 3.88 2.31 531 1.04 0.64
28-8 4.9 9.48 1.12 4.62 0.78 0.2 0.71 0.11 0.59 0.12 0.33 0.05 0.27 0.04 3.51 23.32 1.31 0.92 0.6 202 6.54 6.31 5.42 337 1.04 0.55
28-12 6.15 11.6 1.35 5.43 0.9 0.22 0.9 0.12 0.64 0.13 0.35 0.04 0.28 0.05 3.82 28.16 1.27 0.98 0.28 110 9.84 7.73 3.74 393 1.27 0.72
28-13 3.33 6.31 0.71 2.67 0.45 0.13 0.44 0.06 0.33 0.07 0.18 0.02 0.15 0.02 1.9 14.87 1.51 1.08 0.2 76.9 5.64 5.42 3.25 385 1.04 0.63
28-14 4.04 8.15 0.95 3.69 0.67 0.17 0.6 0.09 0.49 0.1 0.27 0.04 0.22 0.03 2.7 19.51 1.32 0.95 0.23 98 8.52 6.36 3.77 426 1.34 0.69
28-15 4.94 10.2 1.18 4.77 0.78 0.21 0.79 0.11 0.62 0.11 0.31 0.05 0.25 0.04 3.23 24.36 1.38 0.9 0.33 100 8.51 7.28 4.63 303 1.17 0.65
28-16 9.05 20.2 2.34 9.8 1.94 0.35 1.8 0.29 1.63 0.32 0.91 0.12 0.79 0.12 8.19 49.66 0.91 0.8 1.13 329 12.6 10.6 6.53 291 1.19 0.66
28-17 7.1 15.3 1.79 7.17 1.32 0.27 1.13 0.18 0.89 0.17 0.5 0.07 0.41 0.06 4.91 36.36 1.06 0.86 0.3 94.6 9.49 8.27 4.04 315 1.15 0.70
28-18 7.28 15.5 1.9 7.44 1.31 0.3 1.22 0.17 0.93 0.19 0.51 0.07 0.43 0.06 5.12 37.31 1.2 0.85 0.43 118 8.34 7.53 6 274 1.11 0.58
28-19 6.38 13.7 1.62 6.54 1.12 0.24 1.04 0.15 0.83 0.15 0.44 0.06 0.39 0.06 4.53 32.72 1.12 0.85 0.39 109 9.32 7.9 7.06 279 1.18 0.57
28-20 5.84 12.4 1.47 5.96 0.99 0.24 0.92 0.14 0.69 0.15 0.41 0.06 0.37 0.06 4.13 29.70 1.24 0.84 0.3 125 6.25 6.29 3.99 417 0.99 0.61
28-21 7.3 15.5 1.89 7.5 1.32 0.31 1.21 0.18 0.93 0.18 0.52 0.07 0.44 0.06 5.34 37.41 1.22 0.84 0.42 104 8 7.15 4.84 248 1.12 0.62
28-22 6.79 13.2 1.58 6.25 1.07 0.25 1.08 0.15 0.79 0.16 0.45 0.07 0.42 0.06 4.45 32.32 1.2 0.94 0.4 98.6 9.01 8.82 6.81 247 1.02 0.57
图2 克里摩里组薄层石灰岩序列野外照片
(a)单层厚度向上变薄序列;(b)单层厚度向上变厚序列;(c)单层厚度向上变厚再变薄序列;(d)单层厚度向上呈波动序列,箭头所示详见正文
Fig.2 Photos showing sedimentary sequences of thin-bedded limestone in Kelimoli Formation
(a)Thinning-upward succession in thin-bedded limestone;(b)Thickening-upward succession in thin-bedded limestone;(c)Thickening-and thinning-upward succession in thin-bedded limestone;(d)Waving-upward succession in thin-bedded limestone, see text for details
图3 克里摩里组下段薄层石灰岩地球化学参数剖面图
Fig.3 Geochemical profile for thin-bedded limestone in the lower part of Kelimoli Formation
表2 克里摩里组下段薄层状石灰岩旋回划分表
Table 2 The cyclicities of thin-bedded limestone in the lower part of Kelimoli Formation
层
号		 层厚
/cm		 旋回束划分 超旋回束划分 控制
因素		 层
号		 层厚
/cm		 旋回束划分 超旋回束划分 控制
因素
编号 厚度
/cm		 特点 编号 厚度
/cm		 特点 编号 厚度
/cm		 特点 编号 厚度
/cm		 特点
38 5 10 - - 2 166 向上变薄序列转化为向上变厚序列 构造作用主控 76 9 18 - - 5 - - 海平面变化主控
37 9 9 20 变厚 75 4.5 17 35.5 变薄 4 226 双向到向上变薄序列
36 4 74 7
35 3 73 8
34 4 72 16
33 8.5 8 22 变厚 71 5 16 60 变薄
32 5 70 10
31 5 69 22
30 3.5 68 23
29 4 7 22.5 变薄 海平面主控 67 7 15 27 变薄
28 4 66 6
27 5.5 65 4
26 9 64 10
25 6 6 26 变薄 63 11 14 36 变厚
24 7 62 3
23 13 61 12
22 6 5 23 变薄 60 10
21 7 59 20 * * *
20 5 58 4 13 47 双向
19 10 57 6
18 120 * * * * * * 56 8
17 11 4 40 变薄 1 135 以向上变薄序列为主 55 14
16 12 54 3
15 17 53 12
14 9 3 26 波动 52 120 * * * * * * 构造作用主控
13 4 51 15 12 62 变厚 3 108 波动到向上变厚
12 8 50 11
11 5 49 18
10 5 2 32 变薄 48 10
9 6 47 8
8 9 46 16 11 46 波动
7 12 45 8
6 4 1 36.5 双向 44 15
5 9 43 7
4 8.5 42 120 * * * * * *
3 7 41 30 10 52 变厚 2 - -
2 8 40 10
1 12 39 7
层
号		 层厚
/cm		 旋回束划分 超旋回束划分 控制
因素		 层
号		 层厚
/cm		 旋回束划分 超旋回束划分 控制
因素
编号 厚度
/cm		 特点 编号 厚度
/cm		 特点 编号 厚度
/cm		 特点 编号 厚度
/cm		 特点
113 7 26 50 变薄 6 265 四种垂向序列交替出现 构造作用与海平面变化综合控制
112 18 149 8 33 44 波动 7 345 以波动序列为主 海平面变化主控
111 21 148 6
110 9 25 53 波动 147 6
109 13 146 3
108 12 145 7
107 4 144 6
106 12 143 8
105 3 142 5 32 38 双向
104 14 24 40 变厚 141 5
103 11 140 14
102 6 139 5
101 9 138 3 31 50 波动
100 16 23 57 双向 137 11
99 21 136 5
98 13 135 10
97 7 134 9
96 27 22 60.5 变厚 5 232 以向上变薄序列为主 海平面变化主控 133 12
95 18 132 8 30 95 变薄
94 8.5 131 13
93 7 130 17
92 4 21 46.5 变薄 129 26
91 6.5 128 31
90 16 127 3 29 41 双向
89 20 126 13
88 12 20 71 变薄 125 15
87 13 124 10
86 21 123 15 28 77 波动
85 25 122 16
84 4 19 34 变薄 121 16
83 3 120 17
82 9 119 13
81 8 118 26 27 65 变厚 6 - - -
80 10 117 22
79 6 18 34 双向 116 9
78 6 115 8
77 13 114 4 26 - -
图4 克里摩里组薄层石灰岩垂向序列及相互关系
(a) 双向序列:受米兰柯维奇旋回控制的基本沉积旋回;(b)向上变薄序列:受3级海平面上升影响的沉积旋回;(c) 波动序列:受4级海平面振荡影响的沉积旋回;(d)向上变厚序列:受构造作用影响的沉积旋回
Fig.4 Plots showing sedimentary sequences and its relationships of thin-bedded limestone in Kelimoli Formation
(a) Bidirectional succession:Fundamental sedimentary succession controlled by Milankovitch cycle;(b) Thinning-up succession:Sedimentary succession effected by 3rd-order sea-level rise;(c) Waving-upward succession:Sedimentary succession effected by oscillation of 4rd-order sea-level;(d) Thickening-up succession:Sedimentary succession effected by tectonism
图5 克里摩里组薄层石灰岩沉积演化概念模式图
A.开始海侵阶段;B.变深阶段;C.转换阶段;D.淹没阶段;E.浅化阶段;F.“静态”浅水阶段;CCD.碳酸盐补偿深度
Fig.5 Conceptual model to illustrate the evolution of sedentary deposition of thin-bedded limestone in Kelimoli Formation
A.Flooding phase; B.Deepening phase; C.Transitional phase; D.Drowning phase; E.Shallowing phase; F.“Static” shallow water phase; CCD.Carbonate Compensation Depth
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