地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 292 -306. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.03.0292

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泥质岩成岩系统过程及其对SiO 2赋存状态的制约——以渝东南地区龙马溪组为例
王佳 1, 2( ), 谭先锋 1, 2, *( ), 曾春林 3, 陈青 1, 2, 冉天 2, 薛伟伟 4, 李霞 2, 陈岑 1, 2   
  1. 1.复杂油气田勘探开发重庆市重点实验室,重庆 401331
    2.重庆科技学院 石油与天然气工程学院,重庆 401331
    3.重庆地质矿产研究院,重庆 400042
    4.南京大学 地球科学与工程学院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-23 修回日期:2017-02-16 出版日期:2017-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 谭先锋 E-mail:494277159@qq.com;xianfengtan8299@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油科技创新基金项目“基于裂缝变形机理的页岩气藏体积压裂水平井流体流动规律研究”(编号:2015D-5006-0207);重庆市教委科学研究技术项目“渝东南地区志留系龙马溪组脆性矿物赋存状态、成因机制及地质意义”(编号:KJ1601340)资助

Process of Diagenetic System in Shale and Its Restrict on Occurrence of SiO 2: A Case Study of the Longmaxi Formation in the Southeast District of Chongqing

Jia Wang 1, 2( ), Xianfeng Tan 1, 2, *( ), Chunlin Zeng 3, Qing Chen 1, 2, Tian Ran 2, Weiwei Xue 4, Xia Li 2, Cen Chen 1, 2   

  1. 1.Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Oil and Gas Exploration and Development, Chongqing 401331, China
    2.College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
    3.Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 400042, China
    4.School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received:2016-12-23 Revised:2017-02-16 Online:2017-03-20 Published:2017-03-20
  • Contact: Xianfeng Tan E-mail:494277159@qq.com;xianfengtan8299@163.com
  • About author:

    First author:Wang Jia(1987-), male, Bazhong City, Sichuan Province, Experimenter. Research areas include sedimentology and unconventional oil and gas geolog.E-mail:494277159@qq.com

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the Rsearch Project of Innovation Fund of Petro-China“Shale gas reservoir volume fracture horizontal well flow rule research based on fracture deformation mechanism”(No.2015D-5006-0207);Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission“Occurrence and genesis mechanism of brittle minerals in Silurian Longmaxi Formation and its Geological significance in Southeast Chongqing”(No;KJ1601340)
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SiO2的赋存状态对页岩气开发具有重要意义,其成因机制与成岩系统具有密切关系。综合利用野外露头、钻井岩心等资料,采用X-射线衍射分析、阴极发光、扫描电镜及能谱分析等分析手段,系统研究了渝东南龙马溪组页岩成岩系统主控因素、成岩过程模型及成岩系统过程对SiO2赋存状态的影响。渝东南地区龙马溪组页岩成岩现象丰富,成岩系统过程也相当复杂;早期成岩主控因素受沉积机制影响较大,中后期受成岩机制制约,晚期主要受到构造机制的影响;后期构造运动使得页岩成岩系统具有明显的阶段性特征,喜山期页岩地层的大幅度隆升,不仅使页岩与外界系统连通性加强,溶蚀作用和微裂缝变得发育,还导致页岩储层物性、有机质生烃演化、油气保存条件等发生了明显的变化;在成岩演化不同阶段,不同的化学流体特征制约着页岩中硅质成因,页岩中SiO2赋存状态在早期主要以陆源石英及蛋白石为主,中后期以微晶自生石英为主,晚期在石英脉体中发育中—粗晶石英。

关键词: 泥质岩, 成岩系统, 龙马溪组, 硅质成因, 构造演化

The occurrence of SiO2 has important significance for the development of shale gas, and its genetic mechanism is closely associated with the diagenetic system. Based on the data from field outcrops and drilling cores, we systematically studied the main controlling factors of diagenetic system, the diagenetic process model and its influences on the SiO2 occurrence of shale in Longmaxi Formation, by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, cathode luminescence, scanning electron microscope, energy spectrum analysis and other research methods. The results show that the process of diagenetic system of shale in Longmaxi Formation is quite complicated and the diagenetic phenomenon is rich. The diagenetic control factors were greatly influenced by deposition mechanism in the early stage, and restricted by the diagenetic mechanism in the middle and late stage, while they were mainly affected by the tectonic mechanism in the late stage. The diagenesis system had apparent phase characteristics influence by tectonic movement, especially for Himalayan stage. During this period, shale formation were greatly uplifted, which not only promoted the connectivity of shale and the outside system, and made dissolution and micro cracks become more developed, but also changed reservoir physical property, hydrocarbon generation and preservation conditions of hydrocarbon obviously. Generally, the different chemical fluids restricted the origin of siliceous in different evolution stages of diagenetic. The occurrence of SiO2 was mainly composed of continental quartz and opal in the early stage and slowly began to increase typomorphic quartz, while the medium-coarse grained quartz began to develop in the quartz veins after tectonic movements.

Key words: Shale, Diagenetic system, Longmaxi formation, Origin of siliceous, Tectonic evolution.

中图分类号: 

图1 区域构造与地层特征
Fig.1 Characteristics of regional tectonic and stratigraphic
图2 QQ1井龙马溪组页岩纵向有机变化特征
Fig.2 Vertical characteristics of organic in QQ1 well
图3 龙马溪组页岩成岩现象图版
(a)QQ1井龙马溪组(767.03 m)黑色页岩黏土矿物顺层定向排列;(b)石柱剖面龙马溪组(第4层)页岩压实缝合线构造;(c),(d)石柱、秀山野外硅质页岩全景露头;(e)QQ1井龙马溪组X衍射矿物组成图;(f),(g)石柱(第3层)、彭水龙马溪组(第2层)页岩中生物成因硅质放射虫;(h)彭水(第6层)龙马溪组页岩中自生石英;(i)石柱龙马溪组(第9层)页岩中粒内孔及粒间孔;(j)秀山龙马溪组(第3层)页岩溶蚀孔隙及微裂缝;(k)QQ1井龙马溪组(769.1 m)页岩中石英溶蚀现象,溶蚀孔被黄铁矿充填
Fig.3 The diagenetic plate of the Longmaxi Formation shale
(a)Consequent arrangement of clay minerals in Longmaxi Formation shale,Well QQ1,737.03 m; (b)Compacted suture structure of Longmaxi Formation shale in Shizhu profile(layer 4); (c),(d) Panoramic outcrop of siliceous shale in Shizhu and Xiushan; (e)The X diffraction pattern of Longmaxi Formation in Well QQ1; (f),(g)Biogenic siliceous radiolaria of Longmaxi Formation shale in Shizhu profile(layer 3) and Pengshui profile(layer 2);(h) Authigenic puartz of Longmaxi Formation shale in Pengshui profile(layer 6);(i)Internal pore and intergranular pore in Shizhu profile(layer 9);(j)Dissolution pore and micro fracture of Longmaxi Formation shale in Xiushan profile(layer 3); (k)Quartz dissolution and pyrite filling in Longmaxi Formation shale,Well QQ1,769.1 m
图4 龙马溪组泥质岩成岩系统主控因素示意图
Fig.4 Main controlling factors diagram of diagenetic system in Longmaxi Formation shale
图5 研究区龙马溪组页岩沉积模式图
Fig.5 Sedimentary model graph of Longmaxi Formation shale in study area
图6 研究区龙马溪组页岩成岩演化特征图(构造图据参考文献[56]修改)
(a),(b),(c):石柱龙马溪组(第2层,第8层,第11层)页岩样品扫描电镜及能谱照片;(d):YQ1井龙马溪组(1 126 m)页岩扫描电镜及能谱照片;(e),(f):QQ1井龙马溪组(756.1 m,765.5 m)页岩荧光显微镜下沥青照片;(g),(h):YQ1井龙马溪组(1 126 m,1 130 m)有机质页岩镜下特征照片
Fig.6 Diagenetic evolution graph of Longmaxi Formation shale in study area(tectonic map modified after reference[56])
(a),(b),(c)Scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum picture of Longmaxi formation shale in Shizhu profile(layer 2, layer 8, layer 11); (d)Scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum picture of Longmaxi formation shale(1 126 m) in Well YQ1; (e),(f)Bitumen under the fluorescence microscope in Well QQ1(756.1 m,765.5 m); (g),(h)Feature photograph under microscope in Well YQ1(1 126 m and 1 130 m)
图7 渝东南龙马溪组页岩构造演化史与成岩响应关系图((b)根据参考文献[57]修改)
Fig.7 Relationship diagram of tectonic evolution and diagenetic in Longmaxi Formation shale((b) modified after reference[57])
表1 渝东南地区龙马溪组黑色页岩成岩演化阶段划分依据
Table 1 Dividing basis of diagenetic evolution stage in Longmaxi Formation shale, Southeast Chongqing
序号 井名 地层 样品数 Rb/% RO/% Tmax/℃ TOC I+I/S/% 成岩阶段
1 QQ1井 S1l 19 3.495 2.562 489.7 2.64 87.7 晚成岩阶段
2 YQ1井 S1l 10 3.710 2.693 - 2.72 93.2 晚成岩阶段
3 PY1井 S1l 17 3.534 2.584 - 2.83 86.1 晚成岩阶段
4 石柱剖面 S1l 21 3.045 2.282 502.3 2.51 89.4 晚成岩阶段
5 秀山剖面 S1l 9 3.759 2.723 513.5 1.98 85.6 晚成岩—浅变质阶段
图8 渝东南龙马溪组页岩成岩系统过程示意图
Fig.8 Process diagram of diagenetic system in Longmaxi Formation,Southeast Chongqing
图9 泥质岩石英矿物形成过程示意图
Fig.9 Forming process diagram of Quartz minerals in shale
图10 石英矿物镜下微观特征
(a)秀山溶溪龙马溪组(第4层)页岩中陆源石英撞击坑;(b)秀山溶溪龙马溪组(第4层)页岩陆源石英阴极发光(棕色)照片;(c)石柱漆辽龙马溪组(第3层)硅质放射虫;(d)彭水鹿角龙马溪组(第2层)生物成因石英阴极发光(弱光)照片;(e),(f)彭水鹿角龙马溪组(第2层)页岩中黏土矿物转化成因板片状石英扫描电镜照片及能谱特征;(g)石柱漆辽龙马溪组(第5层)页岩中次生加大石英;(h)秀山溶溪龙马溪组(第7层)页岩中次生加大石英
Fig.10 Microscopic features of quartz minerals
(a)Impact crater of continental quartz in Xiushan profile(layer 4); (b)Cathode luminescence(brown)of continental quartz in Xiushan profile(layer 4);(c) Siliceous radiolarian in Shizhu profile(layer 3); (d)Cathode luminescence of biogenic quartz in Pengshui profile(layer 2); (e),(f) Scanningelectron microscope and energy spectrum picture of tabular quartz made by clay transformation in Pengshui profile(layer 2);(g) Secondary quartz of Longmaxi Formation in Shizhu profile(layer 5); (h) Secondary quartz of Longmaxi Formation in Xiushan profile(layer 7)
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