地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1252 -1266. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.090

地质资源与开发利用 上一篇    下一篇

松辽盆地西南部奈曼凹陷烃源岩地球化学特征及资源前景
朱必清1(), 古团2, 李朋朋1, 李福来3, 魏永波4, 刘全有1()   
  1. 1.北京大学 能源研究院,北京 100871
    2.中国石油辽河油田分公司勘探开发研究院,辽宁 盘锦 124010
    3.中国石油大学(华东) 地球科学与技术学院,山东 青岛 266580
    4.中国科学院地质 与地球物理研究所 深层油气理论与智能勘探开发重点实验室,北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26 修回日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2025-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘全有 E-mail:zhubq@stu.pku.edu.cn;qyouliu@sohu.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(42488101)

Geochemical Signatures of Source Rocks and Resource Potential in the Naiman Sag, Southwestern Songliao Basin

Biqing ZHU1(), Tuan GU2, Pengpeng LI1, Fulai LI3, Yongbo WEI4, Quanyou LIU1()   

  1. 1.Institute of Energy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
    2.Exploration & Development Research Institute of Liaohe Oilfield Branch Company, PetroChina, Panjin Liaoning 124010, China
    3.School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
    4.Key Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2025-06-26 Revised:2025-11-12 Online:2025-12-10 Published:2026-01-17
  • Contact: Quanyou LIU E-mail:zhubq@stu.pku.edu.cn;qyouliu@sohu.com
  • About author:ZHU Biqing, research areas include petroleum geochemistry and multi-sphere interactions. E-mail: zhubq@stu.pku.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42488101)

奈曼凹陷位于松辽盆地西南缘,整体勘探程度较低,其油气成藏条件和主控因素尚不明确。在系统梳理前人研究成果的基础上,结合钻井、地震及储层岩性和物性等资料,综合分析了奈曼凹陷的石油地质特征、成藏主控因素及资源潜力。结果表明,区内主要发育沙海组、九佛堂组下段和义县组3套烃源岩,集中分布于凹陷北部,整体处于低熟—成熟阶段。其中,九佛堂组下段发育半深湖—深湖相泥页岩,有机质丰度较高(总有机碳平均为2.79%),类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型为主,为该区主要烃源岩。生物标志物特征显示,其形成于高盐度、强还原的湖相环境,母质来源为低等水生生物与高等陆生植物的混合。区内油气以稠油和湿气为主,其中稠油未经历明显生物降解,主要受低成熟度控制;天然气属于低熟—成熟阶段腐泥型气,直接来自干酪根裂解。油气富集受优质源储配置关系、优势沉积相带和有利岩性共同控制,整体呈现“相带—岩性—构造”三元耦合特征。此外,深部流体活动可能在成藏过程中发挥重要作用,不仅促进有机质再生烃作用,还可能引起伴生稀贵气体(如氢气和氦气)富集。总体上,凹陷中心及深层“甜点区”具备烃源充足、圈闭近源和流体活跃等有利条件,具有较大的油气勘探潜力。未来研究应关注多因素耦合下的成藏机理,以深化对奈曼凹陷油气系统的整体认识。

The Naiman Sag is located in the southwestern part of the Songliao Basin. It remains underexplored, and the conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation and the main controlling factors are not yet well understood. This study based on a comprehensive review of previous studies and integrates data from drilling, seismic profiles, reservoir lithology and petrophysics. It analyzes the petroleum geological characteristics, controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation, and resource potential of the Naiman Sag. The results indicate the primary hydrocarbon source rocks in the region are the Shahai, lower Jiufotang, and Yixian formations. These are mainly concentrated in the northern part of the sag and are generally at a low-to-mature stage (RO<1.0%). Among them, the lower Jiufotang Formation, developed in semi-deep lake to deep lake facies, contains high-quality source rocks with high organic matter abundance (average TOC of 2.79%) and predominantly of Type I and Type II₁ kerogen. These source rocks are the primary contributors to hydrocarbons in the region. Biomarker characteristics indicate that the source rocks formed in a high-salinity, strongly reducing lacustrine environment, with mixed contributions from lower aquatic organisms and higher terrestrial plants. The hydrocarbons in the region are primarily heavy oil and wet gas, with heavy oils not undergoing significant biodegradation and mainly controlled by low maturity. The natural gas is characterized as sapropelic kerogen-derived gas in the low-to-mature stage, directly resulting from kerogen cracking. Hydrocarbon accumulation is primarily controlled by favorable source-reservoir configurations, dominant depositional facies, and advantageous lithology, demonstrating a trinity of “facies-lithology-structure” coupling. Additionally, deep fluid activities may play an important role in the accumulation process by not only promoting secondary hydrocarbon generation but also contributing to the enrichment of associated noble gases such as hydrogen and helium. Overall, the central and deeper “sweet-spot” zones of the sag, with abundant hydrocarbon supply, proximal traps, and active fluid movement, show significant exploration potential. Future studies should focus on the unconventional accumulation mechanisms under multi-factor coupling. This will deepen the understanding of the petroleum system in the Naiman Sag.

中图分类号: 

图1 奈曼凹陷区域地质与地层柱状图
(a)奈曼凹陷区域构造位置(据参考文献[1121]修改);(b)奈曼凹陷地层柱状图。
Fig. 1 Regional geological framework and stratigraphic succession of the Naiman Sag
(a) Regional tectonic setting of the Naiman Sag (modified after references [11, 21]);(b) Stratigraphic column of the Naiman Sag.
图2 奈曼凹陷泥岩厚度等值线图
Fig. 2 Isopach map showing the mudstone thickness in the Naiman Sag
图3 奈曼凹陷白垩系烃源岩沉积环境与母源输入
(a)Pr/nC17与Ph/nC18相关性;(b)C27-C28-C29三元图29
Fig. 3 Depositional environment and source input of Cretaceous source rocks in the Naiman Sag
(a) Correlation plot of Pr/nC17vs. Ph/nC18;(b) C27-C28-C29 ternary diagram29.
图4 奈曼凹陷原油色谱特征28
Fig. 4 Chromatographic characteristics of crude oils from the Naiman Sag28
图5 奈曼凹陷甲烷含量及碳同位素分布特征31
Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of methaneCH₄concentration and carbon isotopic composition across the Naiman Sag31
图6 17、奈30和奈13区块沉积剖面图
Fig. 6 Sedimentary cross section through the N17N30 and N13 blocks
图7 30井地层岩性剖面及九下段储层特征
(a)奈30井岩性柱状图;(b)九下段储层孔隙度频率分布;(c)九下段储层渗透率频率分布;(d)九下段储层砂岩分类占比;(e)九下段储层压汞曲线。
Fig. 7 Lithostratigraphic profile of Well N30 and reservoir characteristics of K1 jf2 member
(a) Lithological column of Well N30; (b) Porosity frequency distribution of K1 jf2 reservoir; (c) Permeability frequency distribution of K1 jf2 reservoir; (d) Sandstone classification proportion in K1 jf2 reservoir; (e) Mercury injection capillary pressure curve of K1 jf2 reservoir.
图8 奈曼凹陷储层岩性、物性与含油性关系
Fig. 8 Relationship between reservoir lithologyphysical propertiesand oil-bearing potential in the Naiman Sag
表1 奈曼凹陷主要地质参数对比
Table 1 Comparison of key geological parameters in the Naiman Sag
图9 奈曼凹陷北部九下段油组地层厚度和油层有效厚度分布
(a)九下段Ⅰ油组地层厚度;(b)油层有效厚度分布与九下段泥岩分布叠合图。
Fig. 9 Stratigraphic thickness and effective oil layer thickness distribution of the K1 jf2-Ⅰ oil layer across the northern Naiman Sag
(a) Thickness of the K1 jf2-Ⅰ oil layer; (b) Overlay map of effective oil layer thickness and mudstone distribution in K1 jf2 member.
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