地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 725 -736. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.053

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

溶解性黑碳特征结构、环境行为与生态效应研究进展
鄂正阳1,2,3(), 丁哲2,3, 梅徽阳2,3, 张伟超2,3, 李海松1, 梁建军2,3, 李平2,3, 范桥辉2,3()   
  1. 1.黄淮实验室，河南 郑州 450046
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院，甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.甘肃省油气资源勘探与评价重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2025-07-02 出版日期:2025-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 范桥辉 E-mail:13298308273@163.com;fanqh@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    黄淮实验室科创专项项目(240700001)

Progress on the Characteristic Structure, Environmental Behaviors, and Ecological Effects of Dissolved Black Carbon

Zhengyang E1,2,3(), Zhe DING2,3, Huiyang MEI2,3, Weichao ZHANG2,3, Haisong LI1, Jianjun LIANG2,3, Ping LI2,3, Qiaohui FAN2,3()   

  1. 1.Huanghuai Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
    2.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    3.Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2025-07-02 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-09-15
  • Contact: Qiaohui FAN E-mail:13298308273@163.com;fanqh@lzb.ac.cn
  • About author:E Zhengyang, research areas include environmental geochemical behavior of dissolved black carbon. E-mail: 13298308273@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the Huanghuai Laboratory Science & Technology Innovation Project(240700001)
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溶解性黑碳作为黑碳连续体的关键活性组分，其分子特征结构和环境归趋显著区别于颗粒态黑碳。溶解性黑碳可通过界面络合、氧化还原调控及生物代谢等重要途径，深度参与元素及化合物的生物地球化学循环过程。通过系统解析溶解性黑碳的结构异质性，聚焦其在多介质界面的团聚、转化和吸附等行为，阐明其通过调控元素循环（碳封存、氮还原）、矿物转化、污染物迁移转化及微生物/植物代谢等途径，深度扰动生态系统土壤团聚体与生物群落的结构，进而影响生态系统的碳汇能力和生物多样性。未来研究需突破溶解性黑碳分子指纹图谱的异构体解析、界面反应动力学原位定量及微界面动态表征等技术瓶颈，揭示溶解性黑碳—元素（污染物）耦合体系的演变规律与生态风险，为精准评估黑碳循环的生态环境风险提供理论支撑。

关键词: 溶解性黑碳, 特征结构, 环境行为, 生态效应, 生物地球化学循环

As a key active component of the black carbon continuum, Dissolved Black Carbon (DBC) exhibits markedly distinct molecular structural characteristics and environmental fate attributes compared with particulate black carbon. Originating from the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, DBC is highly reactive and mobile, with colloidal particles facilitating its transport approximately three times faster than that of particulate black carbon. This enables extensive participation in biogeochemical cycles through interfacial complexation, redox regulation, and biological metabolism. These processes are integral to the Earth’s material cycles and energy transformations. This study systematically analyzed the structural heterogeneity of DBC derived from various sources, emphasizing its environmental behavior, such as aggregation influenced by cation valency and salinity, adsorption onto mineral surfaces, redox-mediated transformation of heavy metals, and photochemical reactions across soil-water-atmosphere interfaces. We further elucidated how DBC profoundly influences ecosystem structure and function by regulating elemental cycles (e.g., enhancing carbon sequestration and promoting nitrate reduction), mediating iron mineral transformation, facilitating contaminant transport and transformation, and exerting dual effects on microbial and plant metabolism. Its complex role is evident as it can serve as a nutrient source yet also induce oxidative stress or enhance heavy metal uptake in crops. However, current understanding is constrained by technical limitations in resolving molecular fingerprint isomers, quantifying interfacial reaction kinetics in situ, and dynamically characterizing micro interfacial processes. Overcoming these bottlenecks is essential to unravel the evolutionary mechanisms, interface dynamics, and ecological risks of DBC-pollutant/element coupling systems. This review synthesizes the current knowledge and aims to provide a theoretical foundation for accurately assessing the ecological and environmental impacts of black carbon cycling in the context of global change. This further highlights the need for advanced predictive models and in-situ techniques to support ecological conservation, pollution control, and sustainable environmental management.

Key words: Dissolved black carbon, Feature structure, Environmental behaviors, Ecological effect, Biogeochemical cycle

中图分类号: 

图1 陆地和海洋中溶解性黑碳的循环过程［14］
Fig. 1 Summary of Dissolved Black Carbon （DBC） cycling from inland waters to the ocean［14］
表1 溶解性黑碳的分析表征方法
Table 1 Analytical characterization methods for Dissolved Black Carbon （DBC）
分析方法检测对象技术特点检测目标
元素分析仪C、H、O、N元素含量；H/C、O/C原子比快速测定元素占比，通过比值推断芳香性/氧化程度关联热解温度与DBC碳化程度（H/C<0.7表明芳香性高）［5］
固体核磁共振脂肪链/芳香碳占比；区分C-O、C=O等基团需高浓度样品，可构建“壳层—内核”拓扑模型量化DBC中芳香碳比例（典型值40%~70%）［10］
傅里叶变换红外光谱羟基、羧基和羰基等官能团振动快速检测，但分辨率有限识别DBC表面含氧官能团分布特征［11］
X射线光电子能谱元素化学态及官能团含量需超高真空环境；可定量不同键合态比例测定醌基含量以评估电子传递能力［11］
傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱杂原子分子式；双键等效数超高分辨率，需溶解态样品；可解析数千种分子式60%~75% DBC分子含杂原子，揭示多环芳烃—羧酸共轭结构［8］
液相色谱—有机碳检测联用疏水/亲水组分分离；芳香族—脂肪族比例基于保留时间分离组分，结合UV254/有机碳联用定量测定DBC中疏水芳香核占比（通常>50%）［11］
紫外—可见光谱（SUVA254）单位浓度DBC在254 nm的吸光度快速测定，需排除浊度干扰评估DBC电子共轭体系丰度，预测污染物吸附性能［8］
三维荧光光谱类腐殖酸和类富里酸等特征峰图谱定性，结合平行因子分解复杂信号识别DBC特征占比及其荧光猝灭行为［8］
透射电子显微镜胶束结构（50~200 nm）的形貌需超薄切片或负染色制样揭示DBC的π-π堆积介导颗粒成核机制［5］
热光法有机碳/元素碳分界温度及氧化动力学参数程序升温氧化模拟自然老化量化DBC中元素碳占比［9］
图2 溶解性黑碳的主要组成［26-27］
Fig. 2 Main components of Dissolved Black Carbon （DBC）［26-27］
图3 溶解性黑碳的环境地球化学行为
Fig. 3 Environmental behavior of Dissolved Black Carbon （DBC）
图4 溶解性黑碳的聚集沉积（a）［30］、吸附（b）［35］、化学氧化还原（c）［41］及光转化行为（d）［43］
Fig. 4 Aggregate deposition （a）［30］， adsorption （b）［35］， chemical redox （c）［41］and photoconversion behavior （d）［43］of Dissolved Black Carbon （DBC）
图5 溶解性黑碳的生态效应
Fig. 5 Ecological effects of Dissolved Black Carbon （DBC）
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