[1] Liu Meizhen，Sun Jianxin，Jiang Gaoming，et al. Hydraulic redistribution in plant-soil systems [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica，2006，26（5）:1 550-1 557.[刘美珍，孙建新，蒋高明，等.植物—土壤系统中水分再分配作用研究进展[J]. 生态学报，2006，26（5）:1 550-1 557.]

[2] Han Shijie. Present situation and prospects of eco-boundary ecology [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences，2002，4:260-263.[韩士杰.森林界面生态学研究现状与展望[J]. 中国科学院院刊，2002，4:260-263.]

[3] Belnap J，Hawkes C V，Firestone M K. Boundaries in miniature:Two examples from soil [J]. BioScience，2003，53:739-749.

[4] Schulze E D，Caldwell M M，Canadell J，et al. Downward flux of water through roots（i.e. inverse hydraulic lift） in dry Kalahari sand [J]. Oecologia，1998，115:460-462.

[5] Smith D M，Jackson N A，Roberts J M，et al. Reverse flow of sap in tree roots and downward siphoning of water by Grevillae robusta [J]. Functional Ecology，1999，13:256-264.

[6] Burgess S S O，Turner N C，White D A，et al. Tree roots: Conduits for deep recharge of soil water [J]. Oecologia，2001，126:158-165.

[7] Gebauer R L E，Schwinning S，Ehleringer J R. Interspecific competition and resource pulse utilization in a cold desert community [J]. Ecology，2002，83:602-261.

[8] Liu Junshan，Gao Qiong，Zhu Yujie，et al. Hydraulic redistribution: Newly recognized small cycle within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum [J]. Journal of Plant Ecology，2007，31（5）:794-803.[刘峻杉，高琼，朱玉洁，等.土壤—根系统水分再分配: 土壤—植物—大气连续体中的一个小通路[J]. 植物生态学报，2007，31（5）:794-803.]

[9] Horton J I，Hart S C. Hydraulic lift: A potentially important ecosystem process [J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution，1998，13: 232-235.

[10] Caldwell M M，Dawson T E，Richards J H. Hydraulic lift: Consequences of water efflux from the roots of plant [J]. Oecologia，1998，113:151-161.

[11] Gebauer R L E，Ehleringer J R. Water and nitrogen uptake patterns following moisture pulses in a cold desert community [J]. Ecology，2000，81:1 415-1 424.

[12] Whitford W G，Nielson R，Soyza A D. Establishment and effects of establishment of creosotebush，Larrea tridentate，on a Chihuahuan Desert watershed [J]. Journal of Arid Environments，2001，47:1-10.

[13] He Xingdong，Gao Yubao. Discussion on ecological role of hydraulic lift in arid regions[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica，2003，23（5）: 996-1 002.[何兴东，高玉葆.干旱区水力提升的生态作用[J]. 生态学报，2003，23（5）:996-1 002.]

[14] Smart D R，Carhsle E，Goebe1 M，et al. Transverse hydraulic redistribution by a grapevine [J]. Plant Cell and Environment，2005，28:157-166.

[15] Cook P G，O'Grady A P. Determining soil and ground water use of vegetation from heat pulse，water potential and stable isotope data[J]. Oecologia，2006，148:97-107.

[16] Copley J.Ecology goes underground [J]. Nature，2000，406:452-454.

[17] Chapin F S III，Ruess R W. The roots of the matter [J]. Nature，2001，411:749-752.

[18] Austin A T，Yahdjian L，Stark J M，et al. Water pulses and biogeochemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems [J]. Oecologia，2004，141:221-235.

[19] He Jinsheng，Wang Zhengquan，Fang Jingyun. Issues and prospects of belowground ecology with special reference to global climate change [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin，2004，49（13）:1 226-1 233.[贺金生，王政权，方精云.全球变化下的地下生态学: 问题与展望[J].科学通报，2004，49（13）:1 226-1 233.]

[20] Morgan J A. Looking beneath the surface [J]. Science，2002，298:1 903-1 904.

[21] Chen Weixin，Jiang Lifen. The underground process of terrestrial ecosystems[C]∥Chen Jiquan，Li Bo，Ma Zhijun，et al. Challenges Facing Ecologists: Questions and Approaches. Beijing:High Education Press，2005:40-67.[程维信，姜丽芬. 陆地生态系统的地下过程[C]∥陈吉泉，李博，马志军等编. 生态学家面临的挑战——问题与途径.北京: 高等教育出版社，2005:40-67.]

[22] Canadell J，Jackson R B，Ehleringer J R，et al. Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale [J]. Oecologia，1996，108:583-595.

[23] Jackson R B，Canadell J，Ehleringer J R，et al. A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes [J]. Oecologia，1996，108:389-411.

[24] Jackson R B，Mooney H A，Schulze E D. A global budget for fine root biomass，surface area，and nutrient contents [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，USA，1997，94: 7 362-7 366.

[25] Schenk H J，Jackson R B. The global biogeography of roots [J]. Ecological Monographs，2002， 72:311-328.

[26] Zhang Yongming，Gao Runhong，Jin Hong. Studies on the ecological characcteristics of four bush roots in desert of west Erdos [J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University（Natural Science Edition），2005，26（3）:39-43.[张永明，高润宏，金洪.西鄂尔多斯荒漠四种灌木根系生态特性研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版，2005，26（3）:39-43.]

[27] Xu Hao，Li Yan. Water use strategies and corresponding leaf physiological performance of three desert shrubs [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica，2005，25（7）: 1 309-1 316.[许皓，李彦.3种荒漠灌木的用水策略及相关的叶片生理表现[J]. 西北植物学报，2005，25（7）:1 309-1 316.]

[28] Burke I C，Lauenroth W K，Milchunas D G. Biogeochemistry of managed grasslands in Central North America[C]∥Paul E A，Elliott E T，Paustian K，eds. Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agroecosystems: Long-Term Experiments in North America.New York:CRC Press，1997:85-102.

[29] Cheng W. Rhizosphere feedbacks in elevated CO₂ [J]. Tree Physiology，1999，19:313-320.

[30] Aerts R，Chapin FS III. The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: A re-evaluation of processes and patterns [J]. Advances in Ecological Research，2000，30:1-67.

[31] Vogt K A，Vogt D J，Bloomfield J. Input of organic matter to the soil by tree roots [C]∥McMichael B L，Persson H，eds. Plant Roots and Their Environment. Amsterdam，Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers，1991:171-190.

[32] Schlesinger W H. Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change [M]. New York:Academic Press Inc，1997.

[33] Gill R，Jackson R B. Global patterns of root turnover for terrestrial ecosystems [J]. New Phytologist，2000，81:275-280.

[34] Preston K A，Ackerly D D. Hydraulic architecture and the evolution of shoot allometry in chaparral shrubs [J]. American Journal of Botany，2003，90:1 502-1 512.

[35] Baitulin I O，Meri·Islam. Ecological plasticity of root systems [J]. Arid Zone Reseach，1995，12（1）:24-26.[巴吐宁I O，斯拉木·麦来. 植物根系的生态可塑性[J].干旱区资源，1995，12（1）:24-26.]

[36] Wan C G，Sosebee R E，McMichael B L. Does hydraulic lift exist in shallow-rooted species?A quantitative examination with a half-shrub Gutierrezia sarothrae [J]. Plant and Soil，1993，153:11-17.

[37] Wan C G，Xu W W，Sosebee R E，et al. Hydraulic lift in drought-tolerant and susceptible maize hybrids [J]. Plant and Soil，2000，219:117-126.

[38] Burgess S S O，Adams M A，Turner N C，et al. The redistribution of soil water by tree root systems [J]. Oecologia，1998，115:306-311.

[39] Gibbent R P，Lenz J M. Root systems of some Chihuahuan desert plants [J]. Journal of Arid Environments，2001，49:221-263.

[40] Liu Shigang，Piao Shunji，An Maozhu，et al. Distribution dynamics of artemisia halodendron absorbent roots in different kinds of sandy land [J]. Journal of Plant Ecology，2003，27（5）:684-689.[刘士刚，朴顺姬，安卯柱，等.不同类型沙地上差巴嘎蒿细根的分布状态[J].植物生态学报，2003，27（5）:684-689.]

[41] Wan C G，Yilmaz I，Sosebee R E. Desert shrub drought avoidance gutierrezia sarothrae precipitation distribution rooting pattern root length density gutierrezia-sarothrae hydraulic lift deep roots extraction shallow growth desert shrubs [J]. Journal of Arid Environments，2002，51:255-264.

[42] Magistad O C，Breazeale J F. Plant and soil relations at and below the wilting percentage [J]. Technique Bulletin of Arizona Agriculture Experiment Station，1929，28:25.

[43] Jensen R D，Taylor S A，Wiebe H H. Negative transport and resistance to water flow through plant [J]. Plant Physiology，1961，36:633-638.

[44] Richards J H，Caldwell M M. Hydraulic lift：Substantial nocturnal water transport between soil layers by Artemisia tridentata roots [J]. Oecologia，1987，73:486-489.

[45] Caldwell M M，Richards J H. Hydraulic lift: Water efflux from upper roots improves effectiveness of water uptake by deep roots[J]. Oecologia，1989，79:1-5.

[46] Jackson R B，Sperry J S，Dawson T E. Root water uptake and transport:Using physiological processes in global predictions [J]. Trends Plant Science，2000，5:482-488.

[47] Chen Yaming，Fu Hua，Zhang Rong，et al. The present situation and prospects of researches on hydraulic redistribution between the interface of root and soil [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica，2004，24（5）:1 040-1 047.[陈亚明，傅华，张荣，等.根—土界面水分再分配研究现状与展望[J].生态学报，2004，24（5）:1 040-1 047.]

[48] Lee J E，Oliveira R S，Dawson T E，et al. Root functioning modifies seasonal climate [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，2005，102:17 576-17 581.

[49] Brooks J R，Meinzer F C，Coulombe R. Hydraulic redistribution of soil water during summer drought in two contrasting Pacific Northwest coniferous forests [J]. Tree Physiology，2002，22:1 107-1 117.

[50] Corak S J，Blevins D G，Pallardy S G. Water transfer in an alfalfa/maize association [J]. Plant Physiology，1987，84:582-586.

[51] Fan Xiaolin，Shi Weiguo，Cao Xinhua，et al. Hydraulic lift（HL） and its effect on soil water ptential and nutrient availability Ⅰ. hydraulic lift of millet and the effect of HL and root absorption on soil water content [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，1995，9:36-42.[樊小林，石卫国，曹新华，等.根系提水作用的土壤水分变异及养分有效性Ⅰ.谷子根系提水作用及根系吸收土壤水分变异的影响[J]. 水土保持学报，1995，9:36-42.]

[52] He Weiming，Zhang Xinshi. Water sharing in the roots of four shrubs of the Mu Us sandy desert [J]. Journal of Plant Ecology，2001，25（5）:630-633.[何维明，张新时.水分共享在毛乌素沙地4种灌木根系中的存在状况[J]. 植物生态学报，2001，25（5）:630-633.]

[53] Zhao Jidong. Hydraulic Redistribution of Nitraria Sphaerocarpa in Root-Soil Interfaces and Its Response to Drought Stress [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University，2007.[赵纪东.白刺根—土界面水分再分配及其对干旱胁迫的响应[D].兰州:兰州大学，2007.]

[54] Espeleta J F，West J B，Donovan L A. Species-specific patterns of hydraulic lift in co-occurring adult trees and grasses in a sandhill community [J]. Oecologia，2004，138:341-349.

[55] Scholz F G，Bucci S J，Goldstein G，et al. Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by neotropical savanna trees [J]. Tree Physiology，2002，22:603-612.

[56] Dawson T E，Mambelli S，Plamboeck A H，et al. Stable isotopes in plant ecology [J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics，2002，33:507-559.

[57] Wang Jianzhu，Lin Guanghui，Huang Jianhui，et al. Applications of stable isotopes to study plant-animal relationships in terrestrial ecosystems [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin，2004，49（21）: 2 141-2 149.[王建柱，林光辉，黄建辉，等. 稳定同位素在陆地生态系统动—植物相互关系研究中的应用[J].科学通报，2004，49（21）:2 141-2 149.]

[58] Burgess S S O，Adams M A，Turner N C，et al. An improved heat pulse method to measure low and reverse rate of sap flow in woody plants [J]. Tree Physiology，2001，21:589-598.

[59] McCulley R L，Jobb gy E G，Pockman W T，et al. Nutrient uptake as a contributing explanation for deep rooting in arid and semi-arid ecosystems [J]. Oecologia，2004，141:620-628.

[60] Dawson T E. Hydraulic lift and water use by plants: Implications for water balance， performance and plant-plant interactions [J]. Oecologia，1993，95:565-574.

[61] DawsonT E. Determining water use by trees and forests from isotopic，energy balance and transpiration analyses: The roles of tree size and hydraulic lift [J]. Tree Physiology，1996，16:263-272.

[62] Emennan S H，Dawson T E. Hydraulic lift and its influence on the water content of the rhizosphere: An example from sugar maple，Acer saccharum [J]. Oecologia，1996，108:273-278.

[63] Schoonmaker A L，Teste F P，Simard S W，et al. Tree proximity，soil pathways and common mycorrhizal networks: Their influence on the utilization of redistributed water by understory seedlings [J]. Oecologia，2007，154:455-466.

[64] Nambiar E K S. The effect of water content of the top soil on micronutrient availability and up take in a siliceous sandy soil [J]. Plant and Soil，1977，46:175-183.

[65] Gallardo A，Schlesinger W H. Carbon and nitrogen limitations of soil microbial biomass in desert ecosystems [J]. Biogeochemistry，1992，18:1-17.

[66] Matzner S L，Richards J H. Sagebrush（Artemisia tridentata Nutt.） roots maintain nutrient uptake capacity under water stress [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany，1996，47:1 045-1 056.

[67] Querejeta J I，Egerton-Warburton L M，Allen M F. Direct nocturnal water transfer from oaks to their mycorrhizal symbionts during severe soil drying [J]. Oecologia，2003，134:55-64.

[68] Lilleskov E A，Hobbie E A，Fahey T J. Ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa differing in response to nitrogen deposition also differ in pure culture organic nitrogen use and natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes [J]. New Phytologist，2002，154:219-231.

[69] Izzo A，Agbowo J，Bruns T. Detection of plot-level changes in ectomycorrhizal communities across years in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest [J]. New Phytologist，2005，166:619-630.

[70] Koide R T，Shumway D S，Xu B，et al. On temporal partitioning of a community of ectomycorrhizal fungi [J]. New Phytologist，2007，174:420-429.

[71] Smith S E，Read D J. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis [M].London: Academic Press，1997.

[72] Bezemer T M，De Deyn G B，Bossinga T M，et al. Soil community composition drives aboveground plant-herbivore-parasitoid interaction [J]. Ecology Letters，2005，8:652-661.

[73] Selosse M A，Richard F，He X H，et al. Mycorrhizal networks: Des liaisons dangereuses? [J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution，2006，21:621-628.

[74] Kennedy P G，Peay K G. Different soil moisture conditions change the outcome of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Rhizopogon species and Pinus muricata [J]. Plant and Soil，2007，291:155-165.

[75] Warren J M，Brooks J R，Meinzer F C. Hydraulic redistribution of water from Pinus ponderosa trees to seedlings: Evidence for an ectomycorrhizal pathway [J]. New Phytologist，2008，10:1-13.

[76] Franco A C，Nobel P S. Effect of nurse plants on the microhabitat and growth of cacti [J]. Journal of Ecology，1989，77:870-886.

[77] Callaway R M. Effect of shrubs on recruitment of Quercus douglasii and Quercus lobata in California [J]. Ecology，1992，73:2 118-2 128.

[78] Rousset O，Lepart J. Shrub facilitation of Quercus humilis regeneration in succession on calcareous grasslands [J]. Journal of Vegetation Science，1999，10:493-502.

[79] Shumway S W. Facilitative effects of a sand dune shrub on species growing beneath the shrub canopy [J]. Oecologia，2000，124:138-148.

[80] Maestre F T，Bautista S，Cortina J. Positive，negative and net effects in grass-shrub interactions in Mediterranean semiarid grasslands [J]. Ecology，2003，84:3 186-3 197.

[81] Barchuk A H，Valiente-Banuet A，Deaaz M P. Effect of shrubs and seasonal variability of rainfall on the establishment of Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco in two edaphically contrasting environments [J]. Austral Ecology，2005，30:695-705.

[82] Li F R，Kang L F，Li G，et al. Effects of a nurse shrub on seed deposition and seedling recruitment of the annual Agriophyllun squarrosum [J]. Web Ecology，2007，7:94-105.

[83] Armas C，Pugnaire F I. Plant interactions govern population dynamics in a semiarid plant community [J]. Journal of Ecology，2005，93:978-989.

[84] Ludwig F，De Kroon H，Prins H H T. The effects of nutrients and shade on tree grass interactions in an East African savanna [J]. Journal of Vegetation Science，2001，12:579-588.

[85] Aguiar M R，Sala O E. Patch structure，dynamics and implications for the functioning of arid ecosystems [J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution，1999，14:273-277.

[86] Facelli J M，Temby A M. Multiple effects of shrubs on annual plant communities in arid lands of South Australia [J]. Austral Ecology，2002，27:422-432.

[87] Lin Xinrong. Influence of variation of soil spatial heterogeneity on vegetation restoration [J]. Science in China（Series D），2005，35（4）:361-370.[李新荣.干旱沙区土壤空间异质性变化对植被恢复的影响[J].中国科学:D辑，2005，35（4）:361-370.]

[88] Hultine K R，Scott R L，Cable W L. Hydraulic redistribution by a dominant，warm-desert phreatophyte: Seasonal patterns and response to precipitation pulses [J]. Functional Ecology，2004，18:530-538.

[89] Wang Kun，Liu Yinghui，Gao Qiong，et al. Parameter analysis and scaling of plant root hydraulic redestribution model [J]. Journal of Plant Ecology，2006，30（6）:969-975.[王昆，刘颖慧，高琼，等.植物根系水力再分配模型参数分析与尺度转换[J]. 植物生态学报，2006，30（6）:969-975.]

[90] Schulze E D，Mooney H A，Sala O E，et al. Rooting depth，water availability，and vagetation cover along an aridity gradient in Patagonia [J]. Oecologia，1996，108:503-511.

[91] Meinzer F C，Brooks J R，Bucci S，et al. Converging patterns of uptake and hydraulic redistribution of soil water in contrasting woody vegetation types [J]. Tree Physiology，2004，24:919-928.

[92] Zou C B，Barnes P W，Archer S. Soil moisture redistribution as a mechanism of facilitation in savanna tree-shrub clusters [J]. Oecologia，2005，145:32-40.

[93] Takahashi L. Effect of size structure，forest floor type，and disturbance regime on tree species composition in a coniferous forest in Japan [J]. Journal of Ecology，1994，82:769-773.

[94] Glenn D M，Welker W V. Root development patterns in field grown peach trees [J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science，1993，118:362-365.