在全球变化背景下，我国土壤面临严重的污染和侵蚀、退化问题，正在威胁生态系统稳定 性和粮食安全性。如何量化土壤的形成演化（时间和速率等）是地球科学领域的重要科学问题。 大气成因放射性宇生核素¹⁰Be（以下简称大气¹⁰Be）是天然示踪剂，其在土壤中的含量受成土时间、 地表侵蚀和化学风化等土壤演化过程综合控制，是定量示踪千万年来土壤形成演化过程的有效手 段，具有广阔的应用前景。首先系统梳理了¹⁰Be在地球大气层的生成、传输、沉降以及在土壤中累 积和迁移过程的最新研究进展，指出大气¹⁰Be长期沉降速率及其在风化带中迁移性的精确估算，是 本领域亟待解决的重要难题；其次评述了大气¹⁰Be用于估算成土时间、成土速率、指示土壤侵蚀及 在坡地运移等方面的方法，提出深入调查区域地质和环境过程并对模型参数和结果进行合理约 束，是应用大气¹⁰Be技术的关键前提。随着我国加速器质谱分析技术和能力的快速发展，将有力推 动大气¹⁰Be技术在土壤演化定量研究中的广泛应用，帮助解决环境生态系统演变预测及耕地土壤 保育等难题。

The soil is currently facing serious pollution, erosion, and degradation in the background of global change, which is threatening the ecosystem stability and food security of China. Quantifying soil formation and evolution (time and rate, etc.) is a critical scientific issue in Earth sciences. Meteoric radioactive isotope 10Be (hereinafter referred to as meteoric 10Be) serves as a natural tracer, with its inventory in soil controlled by soil age, surface erosion, and chemical weathering processes. Therefore, meteoric 10Be is an effective tool for quantitatively tracing the soil formation and evolution over ten million years and has a broad application prospect. Firstly, this article summarizes and reviews the latest progress on the production, delivery, and deposition of meteoric 10Be in the Earth's atmosphere, as well as its accumulation and migration in the soil profile. The reasonable estimation of the long-term deposition rate of meteoric 10Be and its migration in the weathering zones are important challenges that urgently need to be resolved in this field. Secondly, this article introduces the main methods used by meteoric 10Be to estimate soil formation (residence) age, and formation rate, indicating soil erosion and transportation on hill slopes. The key premise for applying meteoric 10Be technology is based on an understanding of geological and environmental processes in the study area and making a rational assessment of the calculation model. With the rapid development of accelerator mass spectrometry analysis capabilities in China will effectively promote the widespread application of meteoric 10Be technology in quantitative research on soil evolution, helping to solve problems such as predicting environmental ecosystem evolution and soil conservation in arable land.