地球科学进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 304 -316. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2024.019

生态学研究 上一篇    下一篇

我国生态产品价值实现的研究进展与典型案例剖析
张百婷 1 , 2( ), 冯起 1( ), 李宗省 1, 陆志翔 1, 张百娟 1, 程文举 1 , 2   
  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,祁连山同位素生态水文与国家公园观测站/内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室/甘肃省祁连山生态环境研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-29 修回日期:2024-02-06 出版日期:2024-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 冯起 E-mail:zhangbaiting21@mails.ucas.ac.cn;qifeng@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52179026);国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1302600)

Advances and Typical Case Analysis of Ecological Product Realization in China

Baiting ZHANG 1 , 2( ), Qi FENG 1( ), Zongxing LI 1, Zhixiang LU 1, Baijuan ZHANG 1, Wenju CHENG 1 , 2   

  1. 1.Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park by Stable Isotope Tracing in Qilian Mountains / Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin / Ecological Environment Research Center of Qilian Mountain, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2023-12-29 Revised:2024-02-06 Online:2024-03-10 Published:2024-04-01
  • Contact: Qi FENG E-mail:zhangbaiting21@mails.ucas.ac.cn;qifeng@lzb.ac.cn
  • About author:ZHANG Baiting, Ph.D student, research area includes ecological economy research. E-mail: zhangbaiting21@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52179026);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1302600)

生态产品价值实现既是对“两山”理念的践行路径,也是促进我国社会经济发展与生态环境保护并行实践的重要渠道,对全面推动我国经济绿色转型具有重要意义。通过系统梳理已有研究关于生态产品价值实现的成果发现: 生态产品相关的研究显著增加,研究内容不断深入,有效促进了学科交叉融合发展; 研究内容涉及生态产品概念辨析及内涵外延、生态产品价值的核算方法、生态产品价值实现的路径和模式、生态产品价值实现的实践探索以及典型案例分析和价值实现的制度保障建设等多个方面。基于此,指出了生态产品价值实现过程中可能存在的困难以及如何确保生态产品价值高效转化等研究难点。通过理论研究的梳理和典型实践探索案例的归纳分析,以期为实现“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化提供一定借鉴和参考。

The value realization of ecological products is not only the practice of the concept of “green mountains and clear waters are gold and silver mountains”, but also an important channel to solve the contradiction between China’s social and economic development and ecological environmental protection, which is of great significance to comprehensively promote China’s economic green transformation. Through a systematic review of the existing scholars’ research on the realization of the value of ecological products, it is shown that: The number of studies related to ecological products has increased significantly, and the research content has become more in-depth, which effectively promotes the development of interdisciplinary integration. The research content involves the concept discrimination, connotation, and extension of ecological products, the accounting method of ecological product value, the path and mode of ecological product value realization, the practical exploration and typical case analysis of ecological product value realization, and the construction of an institutional guarantee of value realization, etc. This suggests that there may be difficulties in the process of realizing the value of ecological products and ensuring the efficient transformation of the value of ecological products remains a challenge for future research. Through sorting theoretical research and the summary and analysis of typical practice exploration cases, it is expected to provide certain references for the transformation from “clear waters and green mountains” to “gold and silver mountains”.

中图分类号: 

图1 生态产品概念发展时间脉络(资料来源于中国自然资源部官网)
Fig. 1 Temporal context of the development of the concept of ecological productsthe data are from the official website of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China
图2 生态产品价值实现研究论文关键词分布与年发文量
Fig. 2 Ecological product value realization research papers keywords distribution chart and annual number of publications
表1 不同地区生态产品价值核算
Table 1 Accounting of the value of ecological products in different regions
核算地区 核算项目 核算指标 价值核算方法/规范 生态系统产品价值/元
云南省抚仙湖流域 41 物质产品价值 农、林、牧、渔产品和水电 市场价值法和替代工程法 27.51×108
调节服务价值 水源涵养、土壤保持、固碳释氧、气候调节、洪水调蓄和水质净化 替代成本法、工业制氧法造林成本法、影子工程法和防治费用法 6.28×108
文化服务价值 景观游憩 旅行费用法 17.59×108
洞庭湖 42 物质产品价值 淡水产品、原材料生产、内陆航运和水资源供给 市场价值法 216.19×108
调节服务价值 调蓄洪水、水质净化、气候调节、固碳量和释放氧气量 替代工程法和工业制氧成本法 182.91×108
文化服务价值 休闲旅游 旅行费用法 12.00×108
内蒙古阿尔山市 43 物质产品价值 农业产品、林业产品、畜牧业产品、渔业产品和水资源 市场价值法 15.29×108
调节服务价值 土壤保持、水源涵养、防风固沙、洪水调蓄、空气(大气)净化、固碳释氧、气候调节和病虫害控制 替代成本法、影子工程法、恢复成本法、固碳成本法和制氧成本法 477.49×108
文化服务价值 景观游憩 旅行费用法 47.1×108
浙江省丽水市 13 物质产品价值 农林牧渔产品、生态能源和其他产品

GEP核算方法:GEP=EMV+ERV+ECV

EMV:物质产品价值总量;ERV:调节服务价值总量;ECV:文化服务价值总量

162.86×108
调节服务价值 水源涵养、土壤保持、洪水调蓄、土壤保持、空气净化、水质净化、固碳释氧、气候调节和病虫害控制 3 659.42×108
文化服务价值 休闲旅游 1 202.18×108
北京市J林场 14 物质产品价值 产品供给 《生态系统评估:生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算技术规范(征求意见稿)》、《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(GB/T 38582-2020)、《自然资源(森林)资产评估技术规范》(LY/T 2735-2016) 1213×104
调节服务价值 涵养水源、净化水质、固碳释氧、吸收SO2(氯化物、氮氧化物)、增湿降温、防风固沙、净化大气和减少泥沙淤积 2 577.9×105
文化服务价值 文化教育 252.08×104
贵州省习水县 44 物质产品价值 农林牧渔产品、水资源和生态能源 市场价值法 170.18×108
调节服务价值 水源涵养、保土减淤、保土减少面源污染、湖泊调蓄、水库调蓄、大气净化、水质净化、固碳释氧、气温调节和病虫害控制 影子价格法、影子工程法、机会成本法造林成本法、替代成本法和工业制氧成本法 33.37×108
文化服务价值 景观游憩 旅行费用法 19.8×108
甘孜藏族自治州 45 物质产品价值 农业产品、林业产品、畜牧业产品、渔业产品、水资源和水电 市场价值法 632.24×108
调节服务价值 水源涵养、土壤保持、防风固沙、洪水调蓄、大气净化、水质净化、固碳释氧、气候调节和病虫害控制 影子工程法、替代成本法、防治费用法、造林成本法和工业制氧法 6 842.28×108
文化服务价值 景观游憩 旅行费用法 70.67×108
海南岛 46 物质产品价值 农业产品和森林木材 市场价值法 254.06×108
调节服务价值 土壤保持、涵养水分、固定二氧化碳、营养循环和防风固沙 影子价格法、机会成本法、造林成本法、替代工程法和碳税法 2 094.64×108
三江源 11 物质产品价值 农业产品、畜牧业产品、林业产品和渔业产品 市场价格法 327.5×108
调节服务价值 干净水源和清新空气 替代市场法 1 658.93×108
长江上游地区 47 调节服务价值 水源涵养 影子工程法和替代工程法 1 606.179×108
江西省针叶林 48 调节服务价值 调节水量、固土保肥、固碳制氧、林木营养积累、释放负氧离子、吸收二氧化硫/氟化物/氮氧化物/滞尘和生物多样性保育 市场价值法、影子价格法、机会成本法、造林成本法、替代工程法和碳税法 3 770×108
青海省 49 调节服务价值 水源涵养、洪水调蓄、土壤保持、水质净化、空气净化和防风固沙 市场价值法和替代成本法 464.16×108
青藏高原 50 调节服务价值 水源涵养 水量平衡法、能量平衡法、影子工程法、替代工程法、GIS空间分析和IDL程序 2 310×108
图3 生态产品价值实现路径与模式
Fig. 3 Path and mode of realizing the value of ecological products
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