从响应能力、自组织能力及更新能力3个方面构建乡村生计弹性评估指标体系，采用集对分析法对湖北省乡村生计弹性进行综合测度，并用回归分析法探寻主要影响因素。结果表明：①1990—2004年，湖北省乡村生计弹性指数始终保持上升态势，这是响应能力、自组织能力以及更新能力共同作用的结果；②2005—2017年，生计弹性受自组织能力的影响较大，受更新能力影响较小，且整体上呈现稳步上升态势，但在2015年后增速放缓；③总体而言，湖北省乡村生计弹性指数不断上升，系统的自我调节能力不断增强。此外，按弱、中、强可以将生计弹性指数划分为3个阶段：1990—1998年为弱生计弹性阶段，1999—2008年为中生计弹性阶段，2009—2017年为强生计弹性阶段。最后，回归分析表明，人均产值、农村家庭食物安全支持度、学龄儿童入学率、高等教育普及水平和农业机械化水平这5项影响因素对乡村生计弹性具有显著影响，且均为正向影响。

Under the impact of climate disasters， social changes and economic development， the rural livelihood system is facing many uncertainties， which hinder the process of rural construction in China. Therefore， how to improve the resilience of rural livelihood and how to maintain the stability of rural livelihood system has gradually become a brandnew research focus.Since livelihood resilience research is an effective tool to achieve sustainable development， using three dimensions of resilience-capacity for responding， self-organization degree and renewal ability to construct the evaluation indicator system of rural livelihood resilience.Set Pair Analysis method （SPA） is used to assess the Rural Livelihood Resilience Index （RLRI） of Hubei Province and regression analysis method is used to explore the influence mechanism.The result shows that： ①From the year 1990 to 2004， RLRI of Hubei kept rising， with an average annual growth rate of 11.91%， which was the result of the joint effect of capacity for responding， self-organization degree and renewal ability. From 2005 to 2017， RLRI was mainly affected by self-organization degree and less influenced by renewal ability.It showed a steady upward trend， and slowed down after 2015. In general， the RLRI kept rising， suggesting the increasing self-regulation ability of the system. According to the index， three stages of livelihood resilience are as follows： 1990-1998 is the weak stage； 1999-2008 is the medium stage； 2009-2017 is the strong stage. ② From regression analysis， the five influencing factors of per capita output value （ec1）， food safety support of rural families （hs2）， school age children's enrollment rate （se1）， popularization level of higher education （se2）， and agricultural mechanization level （am1） have significant and positive influences on rural livelihood resilience （E）. According to the regression results， the corresponding policy implicationsare given from five aspects of improving rural social output value， promoting diversified consumption of rural families， developing basic education， popularizing higher education and promoting agricultural modernization to improve rural livelihood resilience.