地球科学进展 ›› 2008, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (9): 932 -941. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2008.09.0932

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

海底生物扰动作用及其对沉积过程和记录的影响
杨群慧 1,周怀阳 1*,季福武 1,王虎 1,杨伟芳 2,3   
  1. 1.同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海 200092;2.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广东 广州 510640;3.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2008-02-28 修回日期:2008-08-15 出版日期:2008-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 周怀阳(1961-),男,江苏常熟人,教授,主要从事海洋地质地球化学方面的研究. E-mail:zhouhy@gig.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金面上项目“东北热带太平洋近表层沉积物生物扰动作用研究”(编号:40406010);国家自然科学基金重点项目“胡安·德富卡洋脊段热液生态环境变化与地球化学制约机理研究”(编号:40532011);中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会国际海底区域研究“十一五”课题“深海生物地球化学过程在地质体中的记录”(编号:DYXM115-02-4-04)资助.

Bioturbation in Seabed Sediments and Its Effects on Marine Sedimentary Processes and Records

Yang Qunhui 1,Zhou Huaiyang 1,Ji Fuwu 1,Wang Hu 1,Yang Weifang 2,3   

  1. 1.State Key Lab of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092,China;2.Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China;3.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2008-02-28 Revised:2008-08-15 Online:2008-09-10 Published:2008-09-10

海底生物扰动作用主要由底栖生物的摄食、掘穴和栖所建造等活动造成,它可以充分改变沉积物的物理、化学特性,扭曲或模糊地层学信号,影响早期成岩过程和沉积记录以及沉积物的稳定性。海底生物扰动作用的研究,对于全面、精确地掌握海洋中各种物质的生物地球化学循环过程,正确回溯古气候、古海洋和古生态记录,合理调节和控制海底生态系统的多样性具有十分重要的意义。简要回顾了海洋生物扰动作用的研究进展,并着重对海洋沉积物中生物扰动作用的观测和定量研究方法、主要影响因素及其对沉积过程和记录的影响进行了评述。

Bioturbation in seabed sediments results from feeding, burrowing and habitat construction by benthos. It can substantially modify the physical, chemical properties of sediments, distort or smear primary stratigraphical signals, influence the early diagenesis, sedimentary record and stability of sediments. Research on bioturbation is very important to roundly and exactly understand the processes of biogeochemical cycles in marine sediments, accurately reconstruct the records of palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology and palaeoecology, reasonably adjust and control the biodiversity of seabed ecosystem. This paper briefly reviews the development of the research on bioturbation in marine sediments, and focuses on comments of the observation and quantitative research methods of biotutrbation, its major influential factors, and its effects on sedimentary processes and records.

中图分类号: 

[1] Gardner L R,Sharma P,Moore W S. A regeneration model for the effect of bioturbation by fiddler crabs on 210Pb profiles in salt marsh sediments[J]. Journal Environmental Radioactivity,1987,5:25-36.

[2] Darwin C. The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms With Observation of Their Habits[M]. London:John Murray,1881.

[3] Davison C. On the amount of sand brought up by lobworms to the surface[J]. Geology Magazine,1891,8: 489-493.

[4] Crozier W J. The amount of bottom material ingested by holothuriansStichopus[J]. Journal of Experimental Zoology,1918,26:379-389.

[5] Solowiew M M. The influence of Tubifex tubifex in the formation of organic mud[J]. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie,1924,12:90-101.

[6] Mills E L. Problems of deep-sea biology[C]Rowe G T,ed. The Sea.New York: John Wiley & Sons,1983:1-79.

[7] Boucot A J. Principles of Benthic Marine Paleoecology[M].Chen Yuanren translated. Beijing:Ocean Press,1991:371-422.[Boucot A J.海洋底栖古生态学[M].陈源仁译.北京:海洋出版社,1991:371-422.]

[8] Aller R C. Bioturbation and remineralization of sedimentary organic matter: Effects of redox oscillation[J]. Chemical Geology,1994,114:331-345.

[9] Aller R C. The effects of macrobenthos on chemical properties of marine sediment and overlying water[C]McCall P L,Tevesz M S S,eds. Animal-Sediment-Relations.New York: Plenum Publishing Co,1982:53-102.

[10] Wheatcroft R A,Jumars P A,Smith C R,et al. A mechanistic view of the particulate biodiffusion coefficient: Step lengths,rest periods and transport directions[J]. Journal of Marine Research,1990,48:177-207.

[11] Ferreira T O,Otero X L,Vidal-Torrado P,et al. Effects of bioturbation by root and crab activity on iron and sulfur biogeochemistry in mangrove substrate[J]. Geoderma,2007,142:36-46.

[12] Wheatcroft R A. Time-series measurements of macrobenthos abundance and sediment bioturbation intensity on a flood-dominated shelf[J]. Progress in Oceanography,2006,71:88-122.

[13] Mulsow S,Boudreau B P,Smith J N. Bioturbation and porosity gradients[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,1998,43:1-9.

[14] Smith C R,Pope R H,DeMaster D J,et al. Age-dependent mixing of deep-sea sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993,57:1 473-1 488.

[15] Henderson G M,Lindsay F N,Slowey N C. Variation in bioturbation with water depth on marine slopes a study on the Little Bahamas Bank[J]. Marine Geology,1999,160:105-118.

[16] Chakrabarty D,Das S K. Bioturbation-induced phosphorous release from an insoluble phosphate source[J]. BioSystems,2007,90:309-313.

[17] Wheatcroft R A,Drake D E. Post-depositional alteration and preservation of sedimentary event layers on continental margins, I. The role of episodic sedimentation[J]. Marine Geology,2003,99:123-137.

[18] Huston W H. Bioturbation of deep-sea sediments:Oxygen isotopes and stratigraphic uncertainty[J]. Geology,1980,8:127-130.

[19] Sun Gang,Sheng Lianxi,Senga Yutaro. Advance in bioturbation effect in benthic-pelagic interface[J]. Ecology and Environment,2006,155:1 106-1 110.[孙刚,盛连喜,千贺裕太郎. 生物扰动在水层底栖界面耦合中的作用[J]. 生态环境,2006,155:1 106-1 110.]

[20] Zhang Zhinan,Zhou Yu,Han Jie,et al. The basic structures and operational principles of the annular flux systemAFS[J]. Marine Sciences,1999,6:28-30.[张志南,周宇,韩洁,.生物扰动实验系统(AFS)的基本结构和工作原理[J]. 海洋科学,1999,6:28-30.]

[21] Zhang Zhinan. Some progress of the study on the ecosystem dynamics for benthic-pelagic coupling[J]. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2000,301:115-122.[张志南. 水层底栖耦合生态动力学研究的某些进展[J]. 青岛海洋大学学报,2000,301:115-122.]

[22] Zhang Zhinan,Zhou Yu,Han Jie,et al. A study on the biodeposition of bivalves with the application of annular flux system[J]. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2000,302:270-276.[张志南,周宇,韩洁,. 应用生物扰动实验系统(Annular Flux System)研究双壳类生物沉降作用[J]. 青岛海洋大学学报,2000,302: 270-276.]

[23] Li Fengye,Tan Changwei,Shi Yulan,et al. Mixing rate of sediment in the Okinawa Trough[J]. Marine Sciences,1996,6:54-57.[李风业,谭长伟,史玉兰,. 冲绳海槽沉积物混合作用的研究[J]. 海洋科学,1996,6: 54-57.]

[24] Yang Qunhui,Zhou Huaiyang. Bioturbation in near-surface sediments from the COMRA Polymetallic Nodule Area: Evidence from excess 210Pb measurements[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,4923:2 538-2 542.[杨群慧,周怀阳. 中国多金属结核合同区近表层沉积物生物扰动作用的过剩210Pb证据[J].科学通报,2004,4921):2 198-2 203.]

[25] Berger W H,Heath G R. Vertical mixing in pelagic sediments[J]. Journal of Marine Research,1968,26:134-143.

[26] Boudreau B P. Mean mixed depth of sediments: The wherefore and the why[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1998,433:524-526.

[27] Smith C R,Rabouille C. What controls the mixed-layer depth in deep-sea sediments? The importance of POC flux[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,2002,472:418-426.

[28] Weaver P P E,Schultheiss P J. Vertical open burrows in deep-sea sediments 2m in length[J]. Nature, 1983,301:329-331.

[29] Gage J D,Tyler P A. Deep-Sea Biology—A Natural History of Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991:337-356.

[30] Gerino M,Stora G,Weber O. Evidence of bioturbation in the Cap-Ferret Canyon in the deep northeastern Atlantic[J]. Deep-Sea Research II,1999,46:2 289-2 307.

[31] Smith C R,Levin L A,Hoover D J,et al. Variations in bioturbation across the oxygen minimum zone in the northwest Arabian Sea[J]. Deep-Sea Research II,2000,47:227-257.

[32] Jones S E,Jago C F. In situ assessment of modification of sediment properties by burrow invertebrate[J]. Marine Biology,1993,115:133-142.

[33] Berger W H,Ekdale A A,Bryant P P. Selective preservation of burrow in deep-sea carbonate[J]. Marine Geology,1979,32:205-230.

[34] Ekdale A A,Bromley R G,Pemberton S G. Ichnology-The use of trace fossils in sedimentology and stratigraphy[R]. SEPM Short Course Notes,1984,15:317.

[35] Savrda C E,Bottjer D J. Oxygen-related biofacies in marine strata: An overview and update[C]Tyson R V,Pearson T H,eds.Modern and Ancient Continental Shelf Anoxia. Geological Society of London,Special Publishing,1991,58:201-219.

[36] Löwemark L,Werner F. Dating errors in high-resolution stratigraphy: A detailed X-ray radiograph and AMS 14C study of Zoophycos burrows[J].Marine Geology,2001,177:191-198.

[37] Wetzel A,Werner F. Morphology and ecological significance of Zoophycos in deep-sea sediments of NW Africa[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1980/1981,32:185-212.

[38] Olivero D,Gaillard C. Paleoecology of Zoophycos from south-eastern France[J]. chnos,1996,4: 249-260.

[39] Kotake N. Paleoecology of the Zoophycos producers[J]. Lethaia,1989,22:327-341.

[40] Leuschner D C,Sirocko F,Grootes P M,et al. Possible influence of Zoophycos bioturbation on radiocarbon dating and environmental interpretation[J]. Marine Micropaleontology,2002,46:111-126.

[41] Marnitsch E J,Finks R M. Zoophycos size may indicate environmental gradients[J]. Lethaia,1978,11:273-279.

[42] Kemp A E S. Variation of trace fossils and ichnofacies in Neogene and Quaternary pelagic sediments from the eastern equatorial Pacific OceanLeg 138[C]Pisias N G,Janecek T R,Palmer-Julson A,et al,eds. Proceeding of ODP,Science Research,1995.

[43] Goldberg E D,Koide M. Geochronological studies of the deep-sea sediments by the ionium-thorium method[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1962,26:417-443.

[44] Guinasso Jr N L,Schink D R. Quantitative estimates of biological mixing rates in abyssal sediments[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1975,8021:3 032-3 043.

[45] Smith J N,Boudreau B P,Noshkin V. Plutonium and 210Pb distribution in northeast Atlantic sediments: Subsurface anomalies caused by non-local mixing[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1986/1987,81:15-28.

[46] Boudreau B P. Mathematics of tracer mixing in sediments: I. Spatially dependent diffusive mixing[J]. American Journal of Science,1986,286:161-198.

[47] Boudreau B P. Mathematics of tracer mixing in sediments: II. Non-local mixing and biological conveyor belt phenomena[J]. American Journal of Science,1986,286:199-238.

[48] Boudreau B P,Imboden D H. Mathematics of tracer mixing in sediments: III. The theory of non-local mixing in sediments[J]. American Journal of Science,1987,287:693-719.

[49] Anderson R F,Bopp R F,Buesseler K O,et al. Mixing of particles and organic constituents in sediments from the continental shelf and slope off Cape Cod: SEEP-results[J]. Continental Shelf Research,1988,8:925-946.

[50] Middelburg J J,Soetaert K,Herman P M J. Empirical relationships for use in global diagenetic models[J]. Deep-Sea Resarch I,1997,442:327-344.

[51] Smith J N,Schaffer C T. Bioturbation processes in continental slope and rise sediments delineated by 210Pb, microfossil and textural indicators[J]. Journal of Marine Research,1984,42:1 117-1 145.

[52] Aller J Y,Aller R C. Evidence for localized enhancement of biological activity associated with tube and burrow structure in deep-sea sediments at the HEBBLE site,western North Atlantic[J]. Deep-Sea Research,1986, 33:755-790.

[53] Smith C R. Tempo and mode in deep-sea benthic ecology: Punctuated equilibrium revisited[J]. Palaios,1994, 9: 3-13.

[54] Nozaki Y,Cochran J K,Turekian K K,et al. Radiocarbon and 210Pb distribution in submersible-taken deep-sea cores from project famous[J]. Earth Planet Science Letters,1977,34:167-173.

[55] Graf G. Benthic-pelagic coupling in a deep-sea community[J]. Nature,1989,341:437-439.

[56] Smith C R,Berelson W,Demaster D J,et al. Latitudinal variations in benthic processes in the abyssal equatorial Pacific:Control by biogenic particle flux[J]. Deep-Sea Research II,1997,44:2 295-2 317.

[57] Wheatcroft R A,Smith C R,Jumars P A. Dynamics of surficial trace assemblages in the deep sea[J]. Deep-Sea Research,1989,361:71-91.

[58] Turnewitsch R,Witte U,Graf G. Bioturbation in the abyssal Arabian Sea: influence of fauna and food supply[J]. Deep-Sea Research II,2000,47:2 877-2 911.

[59] Legeleux F,Reyss J L,Schmidt S. Particle mixing rates in sediments of the northeast tropical Atlantic:Evidence From 210Pb,137Cs,228Th and 234Th downcore distributions[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1994,128:545-562.

[60] Pope R H,Demaster D J,Smith C R,et al. Rapid bioturbation in equatorial Pacific sediments: Evidence from excess 234Th measurements[J]. Deep-Sea Research II,1996,434/6:1 339-1 364.

[61] Trauth M H,Sarnthein M,Arnold M. Bioturbational mixing depth and carbon flux at the seafloor[J]. Paleoceanography,1997,12:517-526.

[62] Cammen L M.Ingestion rate:An empirical model for aquatic deposit feeders and detritivores[J]. Oecologia Berl.,1980,44:303-310.

[63] Balzer W. Particle mixing processes of Chernobyl fallout in deep Norwegian Sea sediments:Evidence for seasonal effects[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1996,6018:3 425-3 433.

[64] Fornes W L,DeMaster D J,Levin L A,et al. Bioturbation and particle transport in Carolina slope sediments:A radiochemical approach[J]. Journal of Marine Research,1999,57:335-355.

[65] Boudreau B P. Is burial velocity a master parameter for bioturbation?[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,584:1 243-1 249.

[66] Tromp T K,Cappellen P V,Key R M. A globe model for the early diagenesis of organic carbon and organic phosphorus in marine sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,597:1 259-1 284.

[67] Silverberg N,Nguyen H V,Delibrias G,et al. Radionuclide profiles,sedimentation rates,and bioturbation in modern sediments of the Laurentian Trough,Gulf of St. Lawrence[J]. Oceanologica Acta,1986,93:285-290.

[68] Kim D H,Burnett W C. Accumulation and biological mixing of Peru margin sediments[J]. Marine Geology,1988,80:181-194.

[69] Walbran P D. Pb-210 and C-14 as indicators of Callianassid bioturbidation in coral reef sediment[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Resarch,1996,661:259-264.

[70] Peng T H,Broecker W S,Berger W H. Rate of benthic mixing in deep-sea sediment as determined by radioactive tracers[J]. Quaternary Research,1979,11:141-149.

[71] Berger W H,Killingley J S. Box cores from the Equatorial Pacific:14C sedimentation rates and benthic mixing[J]. Marine Geology,1982,45:93-125.

[72] DeMaster D J,Cochran J K. Particle mixing rates in deep-sea sediments determined from excess 210Pb and  32Si profiles[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1982,61:257-271.

[73] Buffoni G,Delfanti R,Papucci C. Accumulation rates and mixing processes in near-surface North Atlantic sediments:Evidence from C-14 and Pu-239,240 downcore profiles[J]. Marine Geology,1992,109:159-170.

[74] Ruddiman W F,Jones G A,Peng T H,et al. Sediments,Fauna and the Dispersal of Radionuclides at the N.E. Atlantic Dumpsite for Low-level Radioactive Waste[M]. Amsterdam,Netherlands: Netherlands Institute for Sea Research,1980:134.

[75] Wheatcroft R A. Experimental tests for particle size-dependent bioturbidation in the deep oceans[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,1992,371:90-104.

[76] Dashtgard S E,Gingras M K,Pemberton S G. Grain-size controls on the occurrence of bioturbation[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2008,257:224-243.

[77] Berner R A. Early Diagenesis: A Theoretical Approach[M].Princeton: Princeton University Press,1980.

[78] Martin W R,Bender M,Leinen M,et al. Benthic organic carbon degradation and biogenic silica dissolution in the central equatorial Pacific[J]. Deep-Sea Research,1991,38:1 481-1 516.

[79] Sun M,Aller R C,Lee C. Early diagenesis of chlorophyll a in Long Island Sound sediments: A measure of carbon flux and particle reworking[J]. Journal of Marine Research,1991,49:379-401.

[80] Murray J W,Kuivila K M. Organic matter diagenesis in the northeast Pacific: Transition from aerobic red clay to suboxic hemipelagic sediments[J]. Deep-Sea Research,1990,37:59-80.

[81] Anderson D M. Attenuation of millennial-scale events by bioturbation in marine sediments[J]. Paleoceanography,2001,164:352-357.

[82] Kennedy M,Droser M,Mayer L M,et al. Late Precambrian oxygenation;inception of the clay mineral factory[J]. Science,2006,3115 766:1 146-1 149.

[83] Seilacher A,Buatois L A,Gabriela Mángano M. Trace fossils in the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition: Behavioral diversification,ecological turnover and environmental shift[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2005,227:323-356.

[84] Bottjer D J,Hagadorn J W,Dornbos S Q. The Cambrian substrate revolution[J]. GSA Today,2000,10:1-7.

[85] Jensen S,GEHLING J G,DROSER M L. Ediacara-type fossils in Cambrian sediments[J]. Nature,1998,393:567-569.

[86] Meysman Filip J R,Middelburg Jack J,Heip Carlo H R. Bioturbation:A fresh look at Darwin's last idea[J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2006,2112:688-695.

[87] Suckowa A,Treppkeb U,Wiedickeb M H,et al. Bioturbation coefficients of deep-sea sediments from the Peru Basin determined by gamma spectrometry of 210Pbexc[J]. Deep-Sea Research II,2001,48:3 569-3 592.

[88] Kristensen E,Haese R R,Kostka J E. Interactions between macro- and microorganisms in marine sediments[C]Coastal and Estuarine Studies Volume 60.Washington DC: American Geophysical Union,2005.

[89] Jin Huijuan,Li Yuci. The application of paleo-abysmal ichnocoenosis in the sedimentology[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,442:123-129.[晋慧娟,李育慈.古代深海遗迹化石群落在沉积学中的应用[J].科学通报,1999,442:123-129.]

[1] 崔林丽, 史军, 杜华强. 植被物候的遥感提取及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(1): 9-16.
[2] 朱艳宸,李丽,王鹏,贺娟,贾国东. 海洋氮循环中稳定氮同位素变化与地质记录研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(2): 167-179.
[3] 孟宪萌,张鹏举,周宏,刘登峰. 水系结构分形特征的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(1): 48-56.
[4] 王宇航, 朱园园, 黄建东, 宋虎跃, 杜勇, 李哲. 海相碳酸盐岩稀土元素在古环境研究中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(9): 922-932.
[5] 王芳慧, 陈莹, 王波, 李好文, 周升钱. 海洋微生物气溶胶的丰度、群落结构及影响机制[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(8): 783-793.
[6] 韦海伦, 蔡进功, 王国力, 王学军. 海洋沉积物有机质赋存的多样性与物源指标的多疑性综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(10): 1024-1033.
[7] 程超, 于文刚, 贾婉婷, 林海宇, 李莲庆. 岩石热物理性质的研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(10): 1072-1083.
[8] 宋敏, 杨群慧, 王华, 季福武, 王虎, 潘安阳, 周怀阳. 完整极性脂质化合物对海洋微生物活动的指示及应用局限性[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(10): 1162-1171.
[9] 杜志恒,效存德,李向应. 生物活性元素Fe来源及其溶解度影响因素研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(5): 597-607.
[10] 蒋建军,代立东,李和平,单双明,胡海英,惠科石. 地球内部物质电学性质原位测量的影响因素和导电机制——以地壳矿物为例[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(4): 455-466.
[11] 李云春,王显祥,赵茂俊. 纳米零价铁原位修复有机卤化物的影响因素[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(10): 1106-1118.
[12] 朱茂旭,史晓宁,杨桂朋,李铁,吕仁燕. 海洋沉积物中有机质早期成岩矿化路径及其相对贡献[J]. 地球科学进展, 2011, 26(4): 355-364.
[13] 徐晓斌,葛宝珠,林伟立. 臭氧生成效率(OPE)相关研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(8): 845-853.
[14] 周跃飞,陆现彩,王汝成,陆建军. 长石微生物风化作用的研究现状与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(1): 17-23.
[15] 邓琦,刘世忠,刘菊秀,孟泽,张德强. 南亚热带森林凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献及其影响因素[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(9): 976-986.
阅读次数
全文


摘要