地球科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11): 1127 -1136. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.092

可持续发展研究 上一篇    下一篇

可持续生计方法与生计恢复力分析方法的比较
卜诗洁( ), 卓玛措( )   
  1. 青海民族大学旅游学院,青海 西宁 810007
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-19 修回日期:2021-09-23 出版日期:2021-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 卓玛措 E-mail:1057498821@qq.com;zhuomacuo123@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海民族大学校级学生项目“三江源国家公园黄河源园区社区居民旅游生计恢复力研究”(2021XJXS07);青海省部级项目“三江源国家公园黄河园区环境教育实践和社区高质量发展及特许经营制度研究”(LHZX-2020-05)
  • Received:2021-04-19 Revised:2021-09-23 Online:2021-11-10 Published:2022-01-06
  • About author:BU Shijie (1997-), female, Jingxian County, Anhui Province, Master student. Research areas include tourism management and planning, livelihood resilience research. E-mail: 1057498821@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    the Student Project of Qinghai Minzu University "Study on the resilience of tourism livelihood of community residents in the Yellow River source Park of Sanjiangyuan National Park"(2021XJXS07);Qinghai Provincial Ministerial Level Project "Environmental education practice and community high quality development and franchise system research of Yellow River Park in Sanjiangyuan National Park"(LHZX-2020-05)

可持续生计方法和生计恢复力分析方法都是生计研究的重要工具和关键内容。在理解二者关键概念的基础上,重点探究了二者在概念、实践运用等方面的异同点和关系,指出应辩证看待二者之间的关系,做到既相互兼容也相互独立。未来二者应在保持自身独特性的基础上,通过相互借鉴的方式以提高各自分析方法的综合性,克服单一生计研究的局限性和一般性,对于完善生计领域的研究方法,拓展生计领域研究的广度与深度具有重要的理论和实践意义。

The sustainable livelihoods approach and livelihood resilience analysis methods are essential tools and critical contents of livelihood research. Based on understanding the fundamental concepts of the two methods,this paper summarizes the similarities and differences of the two methods, and explore the relationship between the two methods interms of concepts and practical application. Then, we point out that we should treat their relationship dialectically to be compatible and independent. In the future, we should base on maintaining their uniqueness,the two ways should learn from each other to improve the comprehensiveness of their analysis methods, expand the breadth and depth of livelihood research. It has important theoretical and practical significance for improving the research methods in the field of livelihood and expanding the breadth and depth of research in livelihood.

中图分类号: 

表1 生计恢复力的定义及背景
Table 1 Definition and background of livelihood resilience
表2 可持续生计方法和生计恢复力分析方法的主要差异、相似之处及关系
Table 2 Main differencessimilarities and relationships of the sustainable livelihoods approach and livelihood resilience analysis method
区别与联系 可持续生计方法 生计恢复力分析方法
不同点 核心 围绕贫困问题,强调生计资本及其存量和组合策略 以恢复力理论为依据,强调人的能动性及其应对干扰的能力和策略
侧重点 以生计资本为基础,解决贫困问题,实现穷人生计的可持续发展 应对外界压力和冲击,创新利用传统的生计资源和策略以改善居民生活条件
对关键概念的理解(干扰/可持续/恢复力) 视干扰为非常态化因素,强调保护和缓解 视干扰为常态化因素,强调适应和转型
资源及资本的可持续 生计方法的可持续,生计策略具有适应性,将可持续作为生计恢复的目标
可持续生计的结果之一;强调持续性,具有“延续、维持”的含义 多方面评估、系统性分析;强调创造性发展,具有“转型、创新”的含义
实践运用 政策目的性较强;确定发展的优先次序;评估发展项目;主体为贫困群体 实践性目的较强;生计可持续的内在机理研究;对外界干扰的生计恢复策略的研究;主体为困难群体
相同点 应用 都可以应用于生计系统研究;都是生计问题分析的工具
目标 改善弱势群体的生计能力以提高其生活水平
关注点 都关注生计系统的生存性、可持续性和恢复力的研究方法;关注生计资本的存量及获取途径
关系 二者相互兼容,存在重叠部分,但侧重点、关键概念和运用的具体条件存在差异
图1 可持续生计方法与生计恢复力方法的关系图
Fig. 1 The relationship between the sustainable livelihoods approach and the livelihood resilience method
1 LEW A, NG P T, NI C C, et al. Community sustainability and resilience: similarities, differences and indicators[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2016, 18(1): 18-27.
2 ANDERIES J M, FOLKE C, WALKER B, et al. Aligning key concepts for global change policy: robustness, resilience, and sustainability[J]. Ecology and Society, 2013,18(2): 8.
3 WEN Tengfei. Study on the livelihood resilience of farmers in semi-arid vulnerable areas of the Loess Plateau [D]. Xi'an: Northwest University, 2018.
温腾飞.黄土高原半干旱脆弱区农户生计恢复力研究[D].西安:西北大学,2018.
4 CHAMBERS R, CONWAY G R. Sustainable rural livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century[R]. Brighton: IDS Discussion Paper 296, 1992:7.
5 MORSE S, MCNAMARA N, ACHOLO M. Sustainable livelihood approach: a critical analysis of theory and practice[J]. Geographical Paper, 2009, 189:1-97.
6 KRANTZ L. The sustainable livelihood approach to poverty reduction: an introduction[M]. SIDA, 2001.
7 TANG Qing. Research status and future trends of sustainable livelihoods [J]. Progress in Earth Sciences, 2015,30 (7): 823-833.
汤青.可持续生计的研究现状及未来重点趋向[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(7):823-833.
8 ZHANG Chenjia, FANG Yiping, CHEN Xiujuan. Analysis of domestic sustainable livelihoods research progress based on Bibliometrics [J]. Progress of Earth Sciences, 2018,33 (9): 969-982.
张宸嘉,方一平,陈秀娟.基于文献计量的国内可持续生计研究进展分析[J].地球科学进展,2018,33(9):969-982.
9 GUO Hua, YANG Yuxiang. Review on sustainable rural tourism livelihoods [J]. Journal of Tourism, 2020,35 (9): 134-
148 郭华,杨玉香.可持续乡村旅游生计研究综述[J].旅游学刊,2020,35(9):134-148.]
10 WANG Sanxiu. Evolution, theoretical logic and Enlightenment of sustainable livelihood concept in foreign countries [J]. Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theorie, 2010 (9): 79-84, 86.
王三秀. 国外可持续生计观念的演进、理论逻辑及其启示[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究, 2010(9): 79-84, 86.
11 CHAMBERS R. The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal[J]. World Development, 1994, 22(7):953-969.
12 TANG Qing, XU Yong, LI Yang. Sustainable livelihood assessment and future livelihood strategy of farmers in the Loess Plateau: based on the survey of 1076 farmers in Yan'an City of Shaanxi Province and Guyuan City of Ningxia [J]. Progress of Geographical Science, 2013,32 (2): 161-169.
汤青,徐勇,李扬.黄土高原农户可持续生计评估及未来生计策略——基于陕西延安市和宁夏固原市1076户农户调查[J].地理科学进展, 2013,32(2):161-169.
13 SOLESBURY W. Sustainable livelihoods: a case study of the evolution of dfid policy[M]. London: ODI ,2003.
14 ASHLEY C, CARNEY D. Sustainable livelihoods: lessons from early experience[M]. London: Department for International Development, UK, 1999.
15 FOLKE C. Resilience[J]. Ecology & Society, 2016,21(4):44.
16 SINA D, CHANG-RICHARDS A Y, WILKINSON S, et al. A conceptual framework for measuring livelihood resilience: relocation experience from Aceh, Indonesia[J]. World Development, 2019, 117:253-265.
17 SADIK S, RAHMAN R. Indicator framework for assessing livelihood resilience to climate change for vulnerable communities dependent on Sundarban mangrove system[C]//Interfacing poverty, livelihood and climate change in water resources development: lesson in South Asia. Kathmandu: 4th South Asia Water Research Conference, 2009:20-23.
18 LIU W, LI J, XU J. Effects of disaster-related resettlement on the livelihood resilience of rural households in China[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2020,49:101649.
19 TANNER T, LEWIS D, WRATHALL D, et al. Livelihood resilience in the face of climate change[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2014, 5(1):23-26.
20 YU Libin. Empirical Study on the livelihood vulnerability and resilience of farmers in the edge of Minqin Oasis [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2015.
于立斌. 民勤绿洲边缘区农户生计脆弱性和恢复力的实证研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学,2015.
21 WU Kongsen, YANG Qingqing, YE Wenli, et al. Livelihood resilience and livelihood construction path of farmers in the Loess Plateau: a case study of Jiaxian County in Northern Shaanxi [J]. Resources and Environment in Arid Areas, 2021,35 (4): 24-30.
吴孔森,杨晴青,叶文丽,等.黄土高原农户生计恢复力及其生计建设路径——以陕北佳县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2021,35(4):24-30.
22 GUO Leilei, YIN Ke. Impact of rural complex construction on farmers' livelihood resilience: a case study of Zhongxian County, Chongqing [J]. Agricultural Resources and Regionalization in China, 2020,41 (9): 136-145.
郭蕾蕾,尹珂.田园综合体建设对农户生计恢复力的影响——以重庆市忠县为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2020,41(9):136-145.
23 ENNS C, BERSAGLIO C. Exploring the implications of oil and gas development for livelihood resilience in Turkana, Kenya[R]. Overseas Development Institute,2015.
24 LI Yongjin, CHEN Wenjiang. Transformation from livelihood vulnerability to livelihood resilience: a case study of Minqin Oasis [J]. Poyang Lake Journal, 2015 (4): 19-26.
李勇进,陈文江.从生计脆弱性到生计恢复力的转化——以民勤绿洲为例[J].鄱阳湖学刊,2015(4):19-26.
25 DU Wei, NIU Jingkun, CHE Lei. The willingness of agricultural transfer population to citizenization: the dual impact of livelihood resilience and land policy [J]. Journal of Public Administration, 2018, 15 (3): 66-77.
杜巍,牛静坤,车蕾.农业转移人口市民化意愿:生计恢复力与土地政策的双重影响[J]. 公共管理学报, 2018, 15(3):66-77.
26 HE Renwei, LI Guangqin, LIU Yunwei, et al. Analysis method and application research of targeted poverty alleviation based on sustainable livelihoods: a case study of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province [J]. Progress of Geographical Sciences, 2017,36 (2): 182-192.
何仁伟,李光勤,刘运伟,等.基于可持续生计的精准扶贫分析方法及应用研究——以四川凉山彝族自治州为例[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(2):182-192.
27 SMITH D R, GORDON A, MEADOWS K, et al. Livelihood diversification in Uganda: patterns and determinants of change across two rural districts[J]. Food Policy, 2001, 26(4):421-435.
28 HAHN M B, RIEDERER A M, FOSTER S O. The livelihood vulnerability index: a pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change: a case study in Mozambique[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2009,19(1):74-88.
29 SINGH P K, HIREMATH B N. Sustainable livelihood security index in a developing country: a tool for development planning[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2010,10(2): 442-451.
30 CHERNI J A,HILL Y. Energy and policy providing for sustainable rural livelihoods in remote locations—the case of Cuba[J].Geoforum, 2009, 40: 645-654.
31 YANG Jingfeng, HUANG Yanling. Evolution of sustainable livelihood research and its application prospect in poverty control [J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2019,25 (9): 56-62.
杨静凤,黄燕玲.可持续生计研究演化及其在贫困治理中的应用前景[J].天津农业科学,2019,25(9):56-62.
32 SOINI E. Land use change patterns and livelihood dynamics on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania[J]. Agricultural Systems, 2005, 85 (3): 306-323.
33 KARKI S T. Do protected areas and conservation incentives contribute to sustainable livelihoods? a case study of Bardia National Park,Nepal[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2013,128: 988-999.
34 VISTA B M,NEL E,BINNS T.Land,landlords and sustainable livelihoods: the impact of agrarian reform on a coconut haciendain the Philippines[J]. Land Use Policy,2012,29: 154-164.
35 YANG Yan. Review of sustainable livelihoods [J]. China's Collective Economy, 2018 (5): 73-75.
杨衍.可持续生计研究综述[J].中国集体经济,2018(5):73-75.
36 XU Peng, XU Mingkai, DU Yi. The integration and application of Sustainable Livelihood Assets of farmers: based on the empirical analysis of the Sustainable Livelihood Assets of farmers in 10 counties (districts) in the west [J]. Rural Economy, 2008 (12): 89-93.
徐鹏,徐明凯,杜漪.农户可持续生计资产的整合与应用研究——基于西部10县(区)农户可持续生计资产状况的实证分析[J].农村经济,2008(12):89-93.
37 BU Shijie, MA Jinhai, ZHUOMA Cuo, et al. Research progress and enlightenment of livelihood resilience [J]. Geography and Geographic Information Science, 2021,37 (1): 74-79.
卜诗洁,马金海,卓玛措,等.生计恢复力研究进展与启示[J].地理与地理信息科学,2021,37(1):74-79.
38 QUANDT A M Y. Measuring livelihood resilience: the Household Livelihood Resilience Approach (HLRA)[J]. World Development, 2018, 107:253-263.
39 WANG Yahong, MA Daoping. Measurement of livelihood resilience of farmers in deep poverty areas and diagnosis of its obstacle factors: based on an empirical survey of a deep poverty town in Henan Province [J]. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Economic Management, 2020,19 (4): 476-484.
王亚红,马道萍.深度贫困地区农户生计恢复力测度及其障碍因素诊断——基于河南省某深度贫困乡镇的实证调查[J].农林经济管理学报,2020,19(4):476-484.
40 WANG Chen. Study on the evaluation and influencing factors of farmers' livelihood resilience in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi: a case study of Yanchuan County [D]. Xi'an: Northwest University, 2019.
王晨.陕北黄土高原农户生计恢复力评价及影响因素研究——以延川县为例[D]. 西安:西北大学,2019.
41 ZOU Yu, WANG Huali, LIU Zihao. Study on the influencing factors of non-agricultural employment of relocated farmers under the framework of livelihood resilience—based on the survey of Xinjiang Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture [J]. Resources and Environment in Arid Areas, 2020,34 (11): 29-35.
邹瑜,王华丽,刘子豪.生计恢复力框架下易地扶贫搬迁农户非农就业影响因素研究——基于新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州的调查[J].干旱区资源与环境,2020,34(11):29-35.
42 LI Tingyu, TAN Shuhao. Livelihood vulnerability of herdsmen in the context of institutional change: based on the analytical framework of "vulnerability resilience" [J]. China Rural observation, 2018 (3): 19-34.
励汀郁,谭淑豪.制度变迁背景下牧户的生计脆弱性——基于“脆弱性—恢复力”分析框架[J].中国农村观察,2018(3):19-34.
43 XIONG Sihong, YAN Jianzhong, WU Ya. Review on the resilience of farmers' livelihood to climate change [J]. Geographic research, 2020,39 (8): 1 934-1 946.
熊思鸿,阎建忠,吴雅.农户生计对气候变化的恢复力研究综述[J].地理研究, 2020,39(8):1 934-1 946.
44 HE Yanbing, ZHANG Juan, QIAO Xuning, et al. Study on the livelihood resilience of poor mountain farmers in the context of targeted Poverty Alleviation—taking Qinbashan District of Henan Province as an example [J]. Resources and Environment in Arid Area, 2020,34 (9): 53-59.
何艳冰,张娟,乔旭宁,等.精准扶贫背景下贫困山区农户生计恢复力研究——以河南秦巴山片区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2020,34(9):53-59.
45 WU Xiaoping. Study on the livelihood resilience of farmers in the Loess Plateau under climate disasters—based on the survey of apple growers [D]. Yangling: Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2019.
吴晓萍.气候灾害下黄土高原农户生计恢复力研究——基于苹果种植户的调查[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2019.
46 BOCCHINI P, ASCE M, FRANGOPOL D M, et al. Resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure: toward a unified approach[J]. Infrastruct,2014, 20:1-16.
47 DERISSEN S, QUAAS M F, BAUMGÄRTNER S. The relationship between resilience and sustainability of ecological-economic systems[J]. Ecological Economics,2011, 70: 1 121-1 128.
48 MARCHESE D, REYNOLDS E, BATES M E, et al. Resilience and sustainability: similarities and differences in environmental management applications[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 613(1):1 275-1 283.
49 ZHAI Jin, ZHANG Haibo. Sustainable recovery of catastrophe: a case study of counterpart support policy for Wenchuan earthquake [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Administration, 2015 (1): 15-22.
翟进,张海波.巨灾的可持续恢复——“汶川地震”对口支援政策案例研究[J].北京行政学院学报,2015(1):15-22.
50 CHEN Yanli. Study on ecological sustainable restoration of rocky desertification area based on educational immigration [J]. Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2016,44 (13): 312-314.
陈燕丽.基于教育移民的石漠化地区生态可持续恢复研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(13):312-314.
51 SARKER M N I, WU M, ALAM G M, et al. Livelihood resilience of riverine island dwellers in the face of natural disasters: empirical evidence from Bangladesh[J]. Land Use Policy, 2020, 95(6):1-12.
52 NORALENE U Y, TAKEUCHI Y, SHAW R. Local adaptation for livelihood resilience in Albay, Philippines[J]. Environmental Hazards, 2011, 10(2):139-153.
53 SPERANZA I C, WIESMANN U, RIST S. An indicator framework for assessing livelihood resilience in the context of social-ecological dynamics[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2014, 28: 109-119. A Comparison of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and Livelihood Resilience Analysis Method* BU Shijie, ZHUOMA Cuo* (College of Tourism, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China)
[1] 张宸嘉, 方一平, 陈秀娟. 基于文献计量的国内可持续生计研究进展分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(9): 969-982.
[2] 汤青. 可持续生计的研究现状及未来重点趋向[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(7): 823-833.
[3] 苏芳,徐中民,尚海洋. 可持续生计分析研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(1): 61-69.
阅读次数
全文


摘要