近40年东北地区积雪日数时空变化特征及其与气候要素的关系

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.09.0958

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 958 -968. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.09.0958

张晓闻, 臧淑英 ^*, 孙丽

哈尔滨师范大学寒区地理环境监测与空间信息服务黑龙江省重点实验室,哈尔滨师范大学,黑龙江哈尔滨 150025

收稿日期:2018-06-08 修回日期:2018-08-27 出版日期:2018-10-20
通讯作者: 臧淑英
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目“气候变暖背景下东北多年冻土退化对温室气体排放的影响”(编号:41571199);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“中国东北冻土区多环芳烃污染历史与输送特征”(编号:2017-KYYWF-0139)资助.

Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Snow Cover Days in Northeast China in the Past 40 Years and Their Relationship with Climatic Factors

Xiaowen Zhang, Shuying Zang, Li Sun

Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China

Received:2018-06-08 Revised:2018-08-27 Online:2018-10-20 Published:2018-10-24
About author:
First author:Zhang Xiaowen(1994-), female, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, Master student. Research areas include snow and frozen soil changes. E-mail:Zhang1204861662@outlook.com
Supported by:
* Foundation item:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Effects of permafrost degradation on green house gas emission based on climate warming, northeast China" (No.41571199);The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities "Pollution history and transportation characteristics of PAHs in permafrost, northeast China"(No.2017-KYYWF-0139).

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通过对1979—2016年中国积雪深度数据提取积雪日数,结合气温、降水量、湿度、风速和日照等气象资料,利用传统统计学方法和GIS空间分析方法研究东北地区近40 年来积雪日数的时空变化特征,并分析其与气候要素的关系。结果表明:近40 年来东北地区年均积雪日数均值为93天,呈增加趋势,速率为0.6 d/10a,最大年均积雪日数出现在2013年。春季平均积雪日数主导了全年平均积雪日数的变化情况。受纬度、地形和海陆热力差异的影响,东北地区积雪日数由北到南逐渐减少,最高值出现在北部大兴安岭地区。降水量与积雪日数呈正相关,气温与其呈负相关。年尺度上来看气候要素与积雪日数相关性大小为:气温>湿度>降水>风速>日照。气温是影响东北地区年均积雪日数的主要因素。

关键词: 东北地区, 积雪日数, 时空变化, 气候变化

The snow cover days were extracted out of the snow data on depth distribution from 1979 to 2016 in China, combined with temperature, precipitation, humidity, sunlight and wind speed and other meteorological data, by taking advantage of traditional statistical methods and GIS spatial analysis methods, to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of snow cover days in northeast China region in the past 40 years, and to analyze their relationship with climatic factors. It turned out that the average annual snow cover days were 93 d in northeast China region, having an increasing trend, the rate was 0.6 d/10a, and the maximum average annual snow cover days appeared in 2013. Snow cover days in spring dominate the changes of the average snow days all year around. The snow cover days in northeast China region were affected by latitude, geography and land-sea thermal difference, which gradually decreased from north to south, and the maximum value appeared in the Da Hinggan area. Precipitation, humidity and snow cover days are positive correlation, and temperature, wind speed and sunlight are negative correlation. The correlation between climatic elements and snow cover days is as follows: temperature>humidity>wind speed>sunlight>precipitation. The influence of climatic elements on the seasonally frozen ground region is more significant than that in the permafrost region. The results show that temperature is the main factor that affects the average annual snow cover days in northeast China region.

Key words: Northeast China, Snow cover days, Spatial-temporal variations, Climate change.

中图分类号:

P426.63+5

图1 研究区

Fig.1 Research area

图1 研究区

Fig.1 Research area

图2 1979—2016年东北地区积雪日数平均值(a)和最大值(b)年际变化

Fig.2 The annual mean (a) and the maximum value (b) of the snow cover days in the Northeast China during 1979-2016

图2 1979—2016年东北地区积雪日数平均值(a)和最大值(b)年际变化

Fig.2 The annual mean (a) and the maximum value (b) of the snow cover days in the Northeast China during 1979-2016

图3 东北地区平均积雪日数值(a)和最大值(b)突变检验

Fig.3 The annual mean (a) and the maximum value (b) mutation test of the snow cover days in the Northeast China

图3 东北地区平均积雪日数值(a)和最大值(b)突变检验

Fig.3 The annual mean (a) and the maximum value (b) mutation test of the snow cover days in the Northeast China

图4 近40年东北地区积雪日数年代变化

Fig.4 The change of snow cover days in the Northeast China in recent 40 years

图4 近40年东北地区积雪日数年代变化

Fig.4 The change of snow cover days in the Northeast China in recent 40 years

图5 近40年东北地区积雪日数年代变化距平

Fig.5 The change of snow cover days in the Northeast China in recent 40 years

图5 近40年东北地区积雪日数年代变化距平

Fig.5 The change of snow cover days in the Northeast China in recent 40 years

图6 1979—2016年东北地区积雪日数不同季节的年际(a)和平均年(b)变化

Fig.6 Seasonal (a) and monthly (b) variations of snow cover days in the Northeast China during 1979-2016

图6 1979—2016年东北地区积雪日数不同季节的年际(a)和平均年(b)变化

Fig.6 Seasonal (a) and monthly (b) variations of snow cover days in the Northeast China during 1979-2016

图7 东北地区积雪日数春季突变检验

Fig.7 Spring mutation test of snow cover days in the Northeast China

图7 东北地区积雪日数春季突变检验

Fig.7 Spring mutation test of snow cover days in the Northeast China

图8 近40年东北地区积雪日数空间分布(a)和变化趋势(b)

Fig.8 Spatial distribution of snow cover days in the Northeast China in recent 40 years (a) and the trend of change (b)

图8 近40年东北地区积雪日数空间分布(a)和变化趋势(b)

Fig.8 Spatial distribution of snow cover days in the Northeast China in recent 40 years (a) and the trend of change (b)

图9 近40年东北地区年均积雪深度变化趋势空间分布

Fig.9 Spatial distribution of mean snow depth change trends in the Northeast China in recent 40 years

图9 近40年东北地区年均积雪深度变化趋势空间分布

Fig.9 Spatial distribution of mean snow depth change trends in the Northeast China in recent 40 years

图10 积雪日数与气候要素的散点分布

Fig.10 Scatter plot of snow cover days and climatic factors

图10 积雪日数与气候要素的散点分布

Fig.10 Scatter plot of snow cover days and climatic factors

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