[1] Lavauden L. Les foréts du Sahara[J].Revue des Eaux et Forêts,1927, 65(6): 265-277,(7): 329-341.
[2] Aubréville A. Climats, Forêts et Désertification de I′Afrique Tropicale[M]. Paris: Sociétéd′ Editions Géographiques, Maritimes et Coloniales, 1949.
[3] Verstraete M M. Defining desertification: A review[J].Climatic Change,1986, 9: 5-18.
[4] UNCCD. United Nations convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa. Text with annexes[Z]. Bonn, 1999.
[5] Seuffert O. Landschafts(zer)störung-Ursachen, Prozesse, Produkte, Definition & Perspektiven[J].Geo-Öko,2001, 22: 91-102.
[6] Conacher A, Gisladottir G. UN year of deserts and desertification: policy implications[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006, 26(6): 1 030.[Conacher A, Gisladottir G. 《联合国荒漠与荒漠化年》简报[J]. 第四纪研究, 2006, 26(6): 1 030.]
[7] El-Baz F. Let deserts be[J].Nature,2008, 456: 30.
[8] Zhu Zhenda, Liu Shu, Wu Zheng, et al. An Outline of Chinese Deserts[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1980: 1-7, 61-62.[朱震达, 刘恕, 吴正, 等. 中国沙漠概论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980: 1-7, 61-62.]
[9] Zhu Zhenda, Wang Tao. Theory and practice on sandy desertification in China[J].Quaternary Sciences,1992, (2): 97-106.[朱震达, 王涛. 中国沙漠化研究的理论与实践[J]. 第四纪研究, 1992, (2): 97-106.]
[10] Wu Zheng,ed. Sandy Deserts and Its Control in China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2009: 1-3.[吴正主编. 中国沙漠及其治理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009: 1-3]
[11] Wang Shaowu,Dong Guangrong,ed. Environmental Characteristics and Its Changes in West China[M]//Qin Dahe, ed. Evaluation of Environmental Changes in West China. Beijing: Science Press, 2002: 107.[王绍武, 董光荣主编. 中国西部环境特征及其演变[M]//秦大河总主编. 中国西部环境演变评估. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002: 107.]
[12] Liu J, Diamond J. China′s environment in a globalizing world[J].Nature, 2005, 435: 1 179-1 186.
[13] China National Committee for the Implementation of the UNCCD (CCICCD). China National Report on the Implementation of the United Nation′s Convention to Combat Desertification[R]. Beijing: 2006.[《联合国防治荒漠化公约》中国执委会秘书处. 中国履行《联合国防治荒漠化公约》国家报告[R]. 北京: 2006.]
[14] Zhu Zhenda. Concept, cause and control of desertification in China[J].Quaternary Sciences,1998,(2):145-155.[朱震达. 中国土地荒漠化的概念、成因与防治[J]. 第四纪研究, 1998, (2): 145-155.]
[15] Wang Tao, Wu Wei, Xue Xian, et al. Spatial-temporal changes of sandy desertified land during last 5 decades in northern China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004, 59(2): 203-212.[王涛, 吴薇, 薛娴, 等. 近50年来中国北方沙漠化土地的时空变化[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(2): 203-212.]
[16] Yang X, Conacher A. Land degradation and rehabilitation in ecologically fragile areas: Research status and perspectives[J].Geographical Research,2009, 47(1): 1-3.
[17] Le Houérou H N. Climate change, drought and desertification[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1996, 34: 133-185.
[18] Jin Heling, Su Zhizhu, Sun Liangying, et al. Holocene climatic change in Hunshandake Desert[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2004, 49(16): 1 730-1 735.[靳鹤龄, 苏志珠, 孙良英, 等. 浑善达克沙地全新世气候变化[J]. 科学通报, 2004, 49(15): 1532-1 536.]
[19] Zhou Yali, Lu Huayu, Mason J A, et al. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of Aeolian sand in the Otindag dune field and Holocene climate change[J].Science in China (Series D),2008, 51(6): 837-847.[周亚利, 鹿化煜, Mason J A, 等. 浑善达克沙地的光释光年代序列与全新世气候变化[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 2008, 38(4): 452-462.]
[20] Yang X, Zhu B, Wang X, et al. Late Quaternary environmental changes and organic carbon density in the Hunshandake Sandy Land, eastern Inner Mongolia, China[J].Global and Planetary Change, 2008, 61: 70-78.
[21] Wu Jianwei, Lu Ruijie, Zhao Tingning. Study on climatic and environmental changes of the past 500 years fromlacustrine sediment in Otindag Sandy Land[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2004, 2(4): 42-47.[武健伟, 鲁瑞洁, 赵廷宁. 湖泊记录的近500年来浑善达克沙地气候环境变化[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2004, 2(4): 42-47.]
[22] Kang Xiangwu, Wu Shaohong, Liu Xuehua. Research on spatio-temporal change of sandy desertification in Hunshandake[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009, 23(1): 1-6.[康相武, 吴绍洪, 刘雪华. 浑善达克沙地土地沙漠化时空演变规律研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2009, 23(1): 1-6.]
[23] Yang X, Ding Z, Fan X, et al. Processes and mechanisms of desertification in northern China during the last 30 years, with a special reference to the Hunshandake Sandy Land, eastern Inner Mongolia[J].Catena,2007, 71: 2-12.
[24] Dong Jianlin. Analysis on the dynamic change of the desertified land in Hunshandake Sandy Land[J].Forest Resources Management,2000, (5): 25-29.[董建林. 浑善达克沙地(局部)沙化土地动态变化分析[J]. 林业资源管理, 2000, (5): 25-29.]
[25] Liu H, Zhou C, Cheng W, et al. Monitoring sandy desertification of Otindag Sandy Land based on multi-date remote sensing images[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinaca,2008, 28(2): 627-635.
[26] Husiletu, Bao Yin, Tong Baoquan. Analysis on land use dynamic change and environment effect in Hun Shan Da Ke Desert based on RS and GIS[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007, 21(1): 134-139.[胡斯勒图, 宝音, 佟宝全. 基于遥感GIS的浑善达克沙地土地利用动态变化及其环境效应研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2007, 21(1): 134-139.]
[27] Liu Haijiang, Cheng Weiming, Long En. Landscape changes in a degraded sandy land ecosystem—A case study in the Otindag Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2007, 31(6): 1 063-1 072.[刘海江, 程维明, 龙恩. 受损沙地生态系统景观变化分析——以内蒙古浑善达克沙地为例[J]. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(6): 1 063-1 072.]
[28] Wang Mulan, Bao Yuhai, A La Teng Tu Ya, et al. Analysis on dynamic change of landscape structure of Hunshandake Sands[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007, 21(5): 121-125.[王牧兰, 包玉海, 阿拉腾图雅,等.浑善达克沙地景观格局变化研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2007, 21(5): 121-125.]
[29] Wulantuya, Alatengtuya, Chang An, et al. Remote sensing and GIS analysis of latest features of Hunshan Dake deserting soil[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2001, 30(4): 356-360.[乌兰图雅, 阿拉腾图雅, 长安, 等. 遥感、GIS支持下的浑善达克沙漠化土地最新特征分析[J]. 内蒙古师大学报:自然科学版, 2001, 30(4): 356-360.]
[30] Liu Shulin, Wang Tao. Study on land desertification process in Hunshandake Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2007, 27(5): 719-724.[刘树林, 王涛. 浑善达克沙地的土地沙漠化过程研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(5): 719-724.]
[31] Liu S, Wang T. Aeolian desertification from the mid-1970s to 2005 in Otindag Sandy Land, Northern China[J].Environmental Geology,2007, 51: 1 057-1 064.
[32] Mason J A, Swinehart J B, Lu H, et al. Limited change in dune mobility in response to a large decrease in wind power in semi-arid northern China since the 1970s[J].Geomorphology,2008, 102: 351-363.
[33] Brogaard S, Runnström M, Seaquist J W. Primary production of Inner Mongolia, China, between 1982 and 1999 estimated by a satellite data-driven light use efficiency model[J].Global and Planetary Change, 2005,(45): 313-332.
[34] Zhong Decai. The dynamic changes and trends of modern desert in China[J].Advances in Earth Science,1999, 14(6): 229-234.[钟德才. 中国现代沙漠动态变化及其发展趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 1999, 14(6): 229-234.]
[35] Wang Tao, Wu Wei, Xue Xian, et al. Time-space evolution of desertification land in northern China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003, 23(3): 230-235.[王涛, 吴薇, 薛娴, 等. 中国北方沙漠化土地时空演变分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2003, 23(3): 230-235.][36] Piao S, Fang J, Liu H, et al. NDVI-indicated decline in desertification in China in the past two decades[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2005, 32: L06402.
[37] Karl T R, Trenberth K E. Modern global climate change[J].Science,2003, 302: 1 719-1 723.
[38] Dong Guangrong, Jin Heling, Chen Huizhong, et al. Geneses of desertification in semiarid and subhumid regions of northern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,1998, (2): 136-144.[董光荣, 靳鹤龄, 陈惠忠, 等. 中国北方半干旱和半湿润地区沙漠化的成因[J]. 第四纪研究, 1998, (2): 136-144.]
[39] Hou Renzhi. Understanding the changes of Mu Us Desert based on the ancient city ruins of Hongliuhe basin[J].Cultural Relics,1973, (1): 35-41.[侯仁之. 从红柳河上的古城废墟看毛乌素沙漠的变迁[J]. 文物, 1973, (1): 35-41.]
[40] Wu Yunna, Pei Hao, Bai Meilan. Relationship between sandy desertification and climatic change, human activity in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Desert Research,2002, 22(3): 292-297.[乌云娜, 裴浩, 白美兰. 内蒙古土地沙漠化与气候变化和人类活动[J]. 中国沙漠, 2002, 22(3): 292-297.]
[41] Ding Guodong, Cai Jingyan, Wang Xian, et al. Causes, process and countermeasures of desertification in Hunshandake Sandland: Taking Zhanglan Banner, Inner Mongolia as an example[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2004, 26(4): 15-19.[丁国栋, 蔡京艳, 王贤, 等. 浑善达克沙地沙漠化成因、过程及其防治对策研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2004, 26(4): 15-19.]
[42] Nie Chunlei, Zheng Yuanrun. Study on the desertification of Otindag Sandy Land—A case in point of the Zhenglan Banner[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2005, 27(2): 183-189.[聂春雷, 郑元润. 浑善达克沙地荒漠化原因探析——以正蓝旗为例[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2005, 27(2): 183-189.]
[43] Wang Mulan, Bao Yuhai, Yin Shan. Dynamic changes of the landscape structure of Hunshandake Sands and analysis on its forming factors[J]. Journal of Arid Resources and Environment,2004, 18(9): 44-47.[王牧兰, 包玉海, 银山. 浑善达克沙地动态变化影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2004, 18(9): 44-47.]
[44] Liu Shulin, Wang Tao. Primary study on sandy desertification in Otindag Sandy Land and its surrounding regions[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004, 18(5): 99-103.[刘树林, 王涛. 浑善达克沙地地区土地沙漠化初步研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(5): 99-103.]
[45] Jia Xianyan, Hai Tang, Wang Yueqin. The reasons of desertification of Hunshandake grassland and control countermeasures[J].Grassland of China,2004, 26(1): 69-72.[贾鲜艳, 海棠, 王月琴. 浑善达克地区草场沙漠化原因与防治对策[J]. 中国草地, 2004, 26(1): 69-72.]
[46] Reynold J F, Smith D M S, Lambin E F, et al. Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development[J].Science, 2007, 316: 847-851.
[47] Lambin E F, Turner B L, Geist H J, et al. The cause of land-use and land-cover change: Moving beyond the myths[J]. Global Environmental Change,2001,11: 261-269.
[48] Zhao H L, Zhao X Y, Zhou R L, et al. Desertification processes due to heavy sandy rangeland, Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2005, 62: 309-319.
[49] Chen Yufu, Cai Qiangguo. The status, causes and control of desertification in the Ortindag Sandy Land to the north of Beijing[J].Progress in Geography,2003, 22(4): 353-359.[陈玉福, 蔡强国. 京北浑善达克沙地荒漠化现状、成因与对策[J]. 地理科学进展, 2003, 22(4): 353-359.]
[50] Wang X, Chen F, Hasi E, et al. Desertification in China: An assessment[J].Earth-Science Reviews, 2008, 88: 188-206.
[51] Zheng Y R, Xie Z X, Robert C, et al. Did climate drive ecosystem change and induce desertification in Otindag sandy land, China over the past 40 years?[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006, 64: 523-541.
[52] He Qing, Lv Daren. Monitoring vegetation cover change in east Hunshandake Sandy Land with Landsat TM and ETM+ and its possible causes[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2003, 18(6): 353-359.[何晴, 吕达仁. 用Landsat TM资料分析浑善达克沙地东部的植被覆盖变化及其可能原因探讨[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2003, 18(6): 353-359.]
[53] Li Xia, Li Xiaobing,Wang Hong, et al. Impact of climate change on temperate grassland in northern China[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science),2006, 42(6): 618-623.[李霞, 李晓兵, 王宏, 等. 气候变化对中国北方温带草原植被的影响[J]. 北京师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2006, 42(6): 618-623.]
[54] Durán O, Herrmann H J. Vegetation against dune mobility[J].Physical Review Letters,2006, 97(18): 188 001.
[55] Liu Shulin, Wang Tao, Guo Jian. Characteristics of blown sand activities in Hunshandake Sandy Land in spring[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2006, 26(3): 356-361.[刘树林, 王涛, 郭坚. 浑善达克沙地春季风沙活动特征观测研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2006, 26(3): 356-361.]
[56] Dong Yuxiang,Liu Yihua. Study on the sandy desertification process of Hunshandake Sandy Land in recent 5000 years[J].Arid Land Geography,1993, 16(2): 45-51.[董玉祥, 刘毅华. 内蒙古浑善达克沙地近五千年内沙漠化过程的研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 1993, 16(2): 45-51.]
[57] Liu Shulin, Wang Tao. Characteristic of climatic change in the Otindag Sandy Land region[J].Journal of Desert Research,2005, 25(4): 557-562.[刘树林, 王涛. 浑善达克沙地地区的气候变化特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2005, 25(4): 557-562.]
[58] Bai Meilan, Hao Runquan, Di Ruiqi, et al. Assessment of climatic variation impact on desertification of Onqin Daga Sandland[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2006, 22(2): 215-220.[白美兰, 郝润全, 邸瑞琦, 等. 气候变化对浑善达克沙地沙漠化影响的评估[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2006, 22(2): 215-220.]
[59] Tsoar H. Sand dunes mobility and stability in relation to climate[J].Physica A,2005, 357: 50-56.
[60] Wang X, Chen F, Dong Z. The relative role of climatic and human factors in desertification in semiarid China[J].Global Environmental Change,2006, 16: 48-57.
[61] Wang X, Eerdun H, Zhou Z, et al. Significance of variations in the wind energy environment over the past 50 years with respect to dune activity and desertification in arid and semiarid northern China[J].Geomorphology,2007, 86: 252-266.
[62] Yizhaq H, Ashkenazy Y, Ysoar H. Why do active and stabilized dunes coexist under the same climatic conditions?[J].Physical Review Letters,2007, 98(18): 188 001.
[63] Yizhaq H, Ashkenazy Y, Tsoar H. Sand dune dynamics and climate change: A modeling[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2009, 114: F01023.
[64] Puigdefábregas J. Ecological impacts of global change on drylands and their implications for desertification[J].Land Degradation & Development,1998, 9: 393-406.
[65] Fang Jingyun, Piao Shilong, He Jinsheng, et al. Increasing terrestrial vegetation activity in China, 1982-1999[J].Science in China (Series C),2004, 47(3): 229-240.[方精云, 朴世龙, 贺金生, 等. 近20年来中国植被活动在增强[J]. 中国科学:C辑, 2003, 33(6): 554-565.]
[66] Piao S, Fang J, Zhou L, et al. Variation in satellite-derived phenology in China′s temperate vegetation[J]. Global Change Biology,2006, 12: 672-685.
[67] Yu F, Price K P, Ellis J, et al. Response of seasonal vegetation development to climatic variations in eastern central Asia[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2003, 87: 42-54.
[68] Knight M, Thomas D S G, Wiggs G F S. Challenges of calculating dunefield mobility over the 21st century[J]. Geomorphology,2004, 59: 197-213.
[69] Thomas D S G, Knight M, Wiggs G F S. Remobilization of southern African desert dune systems by twenty-first century global warming[J].Nature,2005, 435: 1 218-1 221.
[70] Wang X, Yang Y, Dong Z, et al. Responses of dune activity and desertification in China to global warming in the twentyfirst century[J].Global and Planetary Change,2009, 67: 167-185.